100 xyoo dhau los, nyob rau lub Cuaj Hli 1920, cov tub rog Polish tau kov yeej cov tub rog ntawm Sab Hnub Poob raws li cov lus txib ntawm Tukhachevsky. Kev npau suav ntawm "Red Warsaw" yuav tsum tau tso tseg. Moscow tso tseg nws qhov kev thov thawj zaug ntawm Warsaw thiab mus rau qhov "bawdy" kev thaj yeeb, ua rau Western Ukraine thiab Western Belarus rau tus Pole, thiab tseem tau them nuj nqis rau Poland.
Tom qab kev puas tsuaj Vistula
Tom qab kev swb hnyav ntawm Vistula, Tukhachevsky cov tub rog thaum Lub Yim Hli 25, 1920 nres ntawm kab Augustow - Lipsk - Kuznitsa - Visloch - Belovezh - Zhabinka - Opalin. Sab qaum teb ntawm pem hauv ntej tau khiav sab hnub poob ntawm tus dej Neman thiab Shchara. Cov Tub Rog, txawm hais tias muaj kev swb hnyav ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias, tseem tau nres. Kev sib txuas lus hauv cheeb tsam no tau raug puas tsuaj, nws yuav tsum tau kaw lub nraub qaum, rov kho cov tsheb ciav hlau thiab cov choj, ntxiv cov khoom siv thiab tsim khoom siv. Kev tawm tsam ntawm cov tub rog Polish tsom mus rau sab qab teb mus rau sab qaum teb nrog nkag mus rau Prussian ciam teb txhawm rau txiav tawm cov pab pawg tawm tsam ntawm Sab Hnub Poob tau siv nws tus kheej. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog kom rov sau cov tub rog, nws siv sijhawm. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Cov Tub Ceev Xwm tau khaws txoj kev pib thiab npaj ua txuas ntxiv qhov kev tawm tsam. Cov tub rog Polish suav nrog kwv yees li 120 txhiab tus tub rog, ntau tshaj 800 phom thiab 2500 rab phom tshuab.
Cov tub rog Soviet tau qaug zog ntau dua. Kev sib ntaus sib tua yeej hauv Byelorussia, phiaj xwm tawm tsam Warsaw, swb ntawm Vistula thiab thim rov qab, feem ntau ua rau muaj kev kub ntxhov, ua rau Western Sab Hnub Poob. Tukhachevsky cov tub rog poob feem ntau ntawm cov tub rog (feem ntau yog cov neeg raug kaw thiab cuam tshuam nrog), khoom siv, thiab phom loj. Nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau rov txhim kho thiab rov ua cov chav nyob, muab riam phom, mos txwv, khoom siv, thiab lwm yam. Cov lus txib hauv Soviet tau siv cov kev ntsuas nrawm los ua kom cov tub rog ntau zuj zus nyob rau pem hauv ntej. Cov chav nyob tom qab thiab cov tsev haujlwm tau raug tshem tawm, uas tau loj hlob zoo, lawv cov neeg ua haujlwm raug xa mus rau chav sib ntaus. Thaum pib lub Cuaj Hli, cov seem ntawm cov tawg Soviet tawg, uas tau ua lawv txoj kev mus rau sab hnub tuaj hla hav zoov, nyob deb ntawm txoj kev tseem ceeb, mus txog lawv tus kheej. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog coj lawv mus rau lawv qhov kev nkag siab, muab caj npab rau lawv, ua kom lawv rov qab mus rau lawv chav nyob lossis suav nrog lwm tus. Nws kuj tseem tsim nyog los tsim kev tiv thaiv ntawm kab tshiab ntawm kev tiv thaiv. Tom qab ntawd, txog 30 txhiab tus tib neeg tau rov qab mus rau Sab Hnub Poob, uas tau ua haujlwm hauv tebchaws Yelemes. Pem hauv ntej tau teeb tsa hauv cov cheeb tsam nram qab.
Raws li qhov tshwm sim, Tukhachevsky muaj peev xwm yuav luag tag nrho rov ua kom muaj zog sib ntaus ntawm sab xub ntiag (txawm hais tias nws qhov zoo dua tuaj). Sab hnub poob pem hauv ntej suav nrog 6 pab tub rog (thib 3, 15, 16, 4, 12 thiab 1 Cavalry), 18 rab phom, 4 pawg tub rog sib faib, 1 phom thiab 4 pab tub rog caij nees. Hauv tag nrho, cov tub rog no suav txog 95 txhiab tus phom thiab sabers, txog 450 phom thiab 2 txhiab rab phom tshuab. Cov tub rog thib 4 tau rov qab los, feem ntau ntawm nws cov tub rog tau khiav mus rau thaj tsam ntawm East Prussia. Kev tswj hwm ntawm 4th Army, uas tau poob nws cov tub rog, coj Mozyr pab pawg. Cov tub rog thib 4 tau dhau los ua tus khaws cia ua ntej.
Plans ntawm Soviet hais kom ua
Kev coj noj coj ua hauv tebchaws Soviet ntseeg tias cuam tshuam nrog kev ua tsis tiav ntawm Sab Hnub Poob thiab Sab Qab Teb Hnub Poob, nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum tso tseg txoj kev npaj rau Sovietization ntawm Poland thiab tshem tawm kev hem thawj los ntawm sab qab teb ua ntej pib lub caij ntuj no. Ua kom Cov Tiv Thaiv Dawb nyob rau sab qaum teb Tavria thiab Crimea. Lub rooj ntawm Cov Tub Rog Dawb hauv Crimea tau txaus ntshai heev, txij li lub sijhawm ntawd muaj kev yoo mov tshiab ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog rau neeg zej zog pib thoob plaws tebchaws Russia. Yog li ntawd, thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 21, 1920, Sab Qab Teb tau rov tsim dua. Txij li lub Cuaj Hlis 27 nws tau raug coj los ntawm tus neeg nto moo Soviet xeev thiab tus thawj coj Mikhail Frunze. Kev sib faib zoo tshaj plaws tau xa mus rau Sab Qab Teb Sab Hnub Poob. Nws tau ua tiav thawj zaug. Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 26, lawv tau thim rov qab mus rau qhov tshwj tseg thiab tom qab ntawd xa mus rau Sab Qab Teb Sab Hnub Poob thiab 1st Cavalry Army ntawm Budyonny. Sab qab teb pem hauv ntej tau txais ob lub xov tooj ntawm tes muaj zog: 1st thiab 2nd Cavalry armies. Vim li ntawd, Sab Hnub Poob tau poob nws qhov tseem ceeb rau Moscow.
Cov tub rog hais kom ua, txawm tias muaj kev puas tsuaj loj tshwm sim (raws li qhov ua tsis raug ntawm qhov kev hais kom ua), ntseeg tias cov tub rog tseem tuaj yeem xa rov qab cov phiaj xwm phiaj xwm thiab coj mus rau Warsaw. Tukhachevsky mob siab rau kua zaub ntsuab. Thawj theem ntawm kev tawm tsam, Cov Tub Rog Liab yuav tsum rov qab Brest thiab Bialystok, swb cov tub rog Polish uas tawm tsam thiab tsim kev tawm tsam ntawm Lublin thiab Warsaw. Nws tau thov kom rov pov cov tub rog ntawm 12th, 14th thiab 1st Cavalry cov tub rog ntawm Lvov, rub cov tub rog Polish los ntawm Warsaw kev coj mus rau sab qab teb. Lub caij no, txoj cai tis ntawm Sab Hnub Poob yuav rov tawm tsam kev tawm tsam Warsaw. Txawm li cas los xij, tus thawj coj ntawm pab tub rog ntawm Soviet koom pheej, Sergei Kamenev, tau tawm tsam qhov kev tawm tsam tshiab. Nws tau tawm tsam kev koom tes ntawm Budyonny cov tub rog hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua rau Lvov thiab thov kom nws tawm hauv thaj tsam Grubieszow txhawm rau hem nrog kev tawm tsam Lublin. Nws kuj tseem tsim nyog txiav txim siab tias hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv cheeb tsam ntawm Lviv thaj chaw muaj zog thiab hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Komarov, kev sib ntaus sib tua tub rog tau raug mob hnyav, lub cev thiab nyiaj txiag tsis txaus. Tsuas yog kwv yees li 8 txhiab tus neeg caij nees nyob hauv 1st Cavalry Army. Ib qho ntxiv, Cov tub rog Polish thib 3, txhawb nqa los ntawm ib feem ntawm pab tub rog thib 4, yeej Soviet 12 pab tub rog nyob rau lub Cuaj Hlis 1–6. Cov tub rog Soviet thawb rov mus rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm tus dej. Sab Hnub Poob sab qab teb ntawm Brest-Litovsk.
Txawm li cas los xij, Kamenev thiab Tukhachevsky ntseeg tias cov yeeb ncuab ua tiav no yog ib ntus. Tias feem ntau ntawm cov tub rog Polish tau mob siab rau sab qab teb thiab Cov Tub Rog yuav tsis tuaj yeem tawm tsam lub zog loj sab qaum teb. Nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm Sab Hnub Poob, muaj 3 pab tub rog (thib 3, 15 thiab 16), mus txog 14 kev sib faib. Kev tawm tsam tshiab tau npaj rau lub Kaum Ib Hlis. Kev txawj ntse tshaj tawm tias tus yeeb ncuab nkees nkees ntawm kev sib ntaus thiab tsis npaj qhov kev tawm tsam loj tshiab. Kev txawj ntse thiab hais kom ua ntawm Sab Hnub Poob tsis raug. Cov Tub Rog tau npaj rau kev sib ntaus sib tua tshiab thiab maj nrawm mus rau tom ntej.
Cov tub rog Soviet thib 3 raws li cov lus txib ntawm Lazarevich tau them rau Grodno cov lus qhia. Nws suav nrog 24 txhiab tus neeg thiab ntau dua 70 rab phom. Cov tub rog 15 ntawm Kork tau npog cov choj ntawm Neman thiab Volkovysk. Nws suav nrog 16 txhiab tus tub rog, ntau dua 80 rab phom. Pawg Tub Rog 16 ntawm Sollogub (txij lub Cuaj Hlis 21, cov tub rog tau coj los ntawm Cook) tiv thaiv txoj kev mus rau Slonim thiab Baranovichi. Muaj 16 txhiab tus neeg hauv pab tub rog. Nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm Belarus, hauv Polesie, tau tsim tshiab 4th Army of Shuvaev tau nyob ruaj khov. Nws cov kev faib faib suav ntau dua 17 txhiab tus tib neeg.
Hauv Grodno
Cov lus txib Polish tau npaj qhov kev tawm tsam tshiab hauv Belarus. Thaum Lub Yim Hli 27, 1920, tom qab kev sib ntaus sib tua kawg ntawm Vistula, tus thawj coj Polish-tus thawj coj Piłsudski tau xaj kom rov sib sau ua ke ntawm pab tub rog thib ob thiab thib plaub ntawm Rydz-Smigla thiab Skerski. Nws mob siab rau kom xaus kev ua tsov rog hauv tebchaws Poland. Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 10, ntawm kev sib tham nrog cov thawj coj ntawm pab tub rog thib ob thiab thib 4, Pilsudski tau hais tias lub tshuab tseem ceeb yuav raug xa mus rau thaj av Grodno-Volkovysk. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, pab pawg tawm tsam tau tsim nyob rau sab qaum teb ntawm Pab Pawg Thib Ob, txhawm rau taug kev hla tebchaws Lithuanian kom hla txoj cai sab xis ntawm Soviet pem hauv ntej thiab hauv cheeb tsam Lida mus rau tom qab ntawm cov yeeb ncuab. Ntxiv mus, Reds yuav raug pov rau hauv thaj tsam Polessye swamps. Poland xav ua kom muaj kev txiav txim siab swb rau Russia thiab thawb ciam teb sab hnub tuaj dhau ntawm "Kab Curzon".
Thaum Lub Cuaj Hli 19, 1920, Pilsudski qhov kev txiav txim tau tshaj tawm nrog cov ncauj lus kom ntxaws rau txhua pab tub rog thiab pab pawg. Cov tub rog thib ob ntawm Rydz-Smigly (6 kev sib faib, 2 pab tub rog tub rog thiab ib pab tub rog loj) tsom mus rau Grodno. Cov phom loj hnyav yuav tsum tau ntes Grodno fortress. Cov tub rog thib 2 yog cov muaj zog tshaj plaws hauv Cov Tub Rog Polish: ntau dua 33 txhiab tus tib neeg hauv cov tub rog sib ntaus (kwv yees li 100 txhiab tus nyob rau tag nrho), 260 phom, kwv yees li 1,000 rab phom tshuab, 16 lub tsheb tiv thaiv, 18 lub dav hlau, ntau dua 350 lub tsheb. Pawg Sab Qaum Teb ntawm General Osinsky (yav dhau los dav dav ntawm tsarist pab tub rog), suav nrog pawg 17 thiab Siberian pawg tub rog, tau faib los ntawm pab tub rog thib 2. Lub luag haujlwm ua haujlwm yog txhawm rau hla lub tebchaws Lithuania mus rau thaj chaw Lida. Skersky's 4th Army tau nce mus rau Volkovysk thiab sab qab teb ntawm nws. Nws suav nrog 4 kev sib faib, kwv yees li 23 txhiab tus neeg hauv chav sib ntaus (ntau dua 50 txhiab tus nyob rau hauv tag nrho), 170 phom, 18 lub tsheb tiv thaiv thiab 5 lub dav hlau. Cov tub rog tau ua tub rog zoo thiab tau kawm tiav. Qhov tshwj tseg ntawm Sab Pem Hauv Ntej Sab Hnub Poob (2nd thiab 4th armies) muaj ib pab tub rog me thiab ib pab tub rog tub rog.
Cov tub rog Polish tau muaj qee qhov kom zoo dua hauv kev ua haujlwm raws li kev tawm tsam tseem ceeb. Qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm lawv cov tub rog tau zoo dua, zoo li yog kev sib ntaus sib tua. Cov tub rog Polish tau txhawb los ntawm lawv txoj kev ua tiav. Cov tub rog Liab tau raug kev tsim txom los ntawm kev swb. Ntawm lawv muaj ntau tus neeg ua haujlwm tau txais kev qhia tsis zoo, cov neeg ua liaj ua teb los ntawm thaj tsam Russia, ua rau muaj kev tawm tsam, uas yog, cov uas muaj lub zog tsis muaj zog, txhawb siab, thiab nyiam khiav tawm.
