Txhua tus paub tias Lub Rau Hli 22, 1941 yog lub sijhawm hloov pauv hauv peb lub tebchaws. Kev Tsov Rog Zoo Tshaj Plaws tau pib, thiab Soviet xov xwm tam sim pib ua cov haujlwm sib xws rau lub sijhawm ua rog. Qhov ntim ntawm cov ntawv luam tawm ib sab tau poob qis. Piv txwv li, cov ntawv xov xwm hauv cheeb tsam xws li "Stalin's chij" pib tshwm rau ntawm ob nplooj ntawv nkaus xwb, thiab nws txoj kev ncig los ntawm 40 txog 34 txhiab, thiab tsuas yog 4800 daim ntawv luam muag ntawm cov khw muag khoom [1]. Muaj tseeb, qhov no tau ua tsis cuam tshuam rau cov ntawv xov xwm hauv nruab nrab, uas nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd tau dhau los ua lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshaj tawm hauv USSR.
Txij li cov ntawv xov xwm tau npaj ua ntej rau hnub tshiab, thaum Lub Rau Hli 23, 1941, Cov Ntawv Tshaj Tawm ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm Stalin tus chij tau tshaj tawm sai sai, uas suav nrog Xov Tooj Cua Hais Lus ntawm Tus Lwm Thawj Coj ntawm Xeev Pawg Neeg Sawv Cev ntawm Lub Xeev USSR thiab Tib Neeg Tus Thawj Coj rau Kev Ua Haujlwm Txawv Tebchaws, Comrade. V. M. Molotov "ntawm Lub Rau Hli 22, 1941, uas tshaj tawm qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm Nazi Lub Tebchaws Yelemees thiab pib ua tsov rog. Cov pej xeem Soviet tau raug hu kom muaj kev sib koom siab, kev qhuab qhia, thiab mob siab rau kom ntseeg tau yeej tus yeeb ncuab. Kev hais lus xaus nrog cov lus: “Peb qhov laj thawj tsuas yog. Cov yeeb ncuab yuav swb. Kev yeej yuav yog peb li ". Ua ke nrog kev hais lus ntawm V. M. Molotov, kev txiav txim siab ntawm Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Lub Xeev Soviet ntawm USSR tau tshaj tawm txog kev tsim txoj cai lij choj hauv qee thaj chaw ntawm USSR thiab ntawm kev tawm tsam cov tub rog hauv nroog uas lav rau ntau lub nroog tub rog [2].
Cov Ntawv Tshaj Tawm … kuj tau tshaj tawm thawj qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv cheeb tsam Penza rau cov yeeb ncuab ntxeem tau. Txhua qhov txhia chaw muaj kev sib sau ua ke ntawm cov neeg sawv cev ntawm cov neeg hauv nroog, txawj ntse, cov neeg ua haujlwm, cov neeg ua teb, kev daws teeb meem kev ywj pheej tau txais, thiab cov neeg nyob hauv nroog thiab cheeb tsam tshaj tawm tias lawv npaj siab pab dawb rau pem hauv ntej. Cov ntaub ntawv hauv cheeb tsam, tau kawg, tau ntxiv los ntawm TASS cov ntaub ntawv.
Lus Askiv "Matilda", thiab txawm tias nyob rau thawj nplooj ntawv ntawm Kaum Ib Hlis ntawm "Pravda" thiab ntawm qhov loj me … Qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd, thiab cov pej xeem Soviet, uas tau dhau los ua neeg txawj nyeem ntawv ntawm kab, nkag siab zoo vim li cas qhov no thiaj yog.
Yog lawm, txhua qhov "kev ua nom tswv raug cai" ntawm Soviet cov ntawv xov xwm thiab cov lus hais tawm tswv yim German uas tau tshwm sim los cuam tshuam nrog Nazi Lub Tebchaws Yelemees tom qab kos npe rau "Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact" tau muab pov tseg tam sim ntawd. Tam sim no cov neeg fascists German tau muab piv rau cov dev, Hitler los ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm cov neeg German dua tau hloov mus ua neeg phem, kev tawm tsam German rau Soviet Union tau suav hais tias yog kev ua phem phem, thiab piv txwv ntawm keeb kwm Lavxias tau qhia tias cov neeg Lavxias ib txwm muab tus neeg tawm tsam qhov nws tsim nyog [3]. Tab sis tsis ntev dhau los, tib cov ntawv xov xwm tau tshaj tawm tsoomfwv cov lus hais tias "peb tuaj yeem ua siab ntev saib yuav ua li cas qhov kev ntxub ntxaug no tau siv rau qhov kev cia siab ua rau txuag kev siv peev txheej" thiab tias "peb tus kheej cov neeg ua haujlwm ua haujlwm tau ua los ntawm kev nyiam nws tus kheej", thiab qhov ntawd "fascism pab kev loj hlob ntawm chav kawm paub ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm" [4].
Qhov kev coj ua niaj hnub ua ntej tsov rog Soviet lub sijhawm yog qhov uas siv txhua nplooj ntawv ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm tau qhib nrog cov lus hais lossis cov lus hais los ntawm kev hais lus ntawm I. V. Stalin los yog V. M. Molotov. Txawm li cas los xij, tam sim no ntau cov ntawv xov xwm tau pib ua tus yam ntxwv ntawm "kev ua phem", piv txwv li: "Rau Motherland, rau Stalin!" [5], "Cov neeg Soviet yuav teb rau cov yeeb ncuab qhov kev tawm tsam nrog lub zog loj dua peb zaug" [6], "Coj los ntawm Great Stalin, cov neeg muaj zog Soviet yuav cheb cov neeg phem fascist tawm ntawm lub ntsej muag ntawm lub ntiaj teb!" [7], "Raws li kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Stalin - kom kov yeej cov yeeb ncuab!" [8] lwm. Thawj daim ntawv tshaj tawm ntawm Red Army High Command rau Lub Rau Hli 22, 1941 kuj tau tshaj tawm ntawm no, uas nws tau tshaj tawm tias 65 tus yeeb ncuab lub dav hlau raug tua los ntawm peb cov tub rog nyob rau hnub ntawd, thiab nws qhov kev tawm tsam tau tawm tsam yuav luag txhua qhov [9].
Churchill cov lus hais hauv xov tooj cua, luam tawm ntawm nplooj ntawv plaub, yuav tsum tau tshoov siab qhov kev ntseeg siab tias lawv yuav pab peb, qhov uas nws tau hais tias "peb yuav ua rau Russia thiab cov neeg Lavxias tau txais kev pab peb tuaj yeem ua tau" thiab tias "kev phom sij rau Russia kuj yog peb. txaus ntshai thiab txaus ntshai rau Asmeskas … "[10]. Ib hnub tom qab, tsab ntawv tshaj tawm los ntawm Asmeskas Thawj Tswj Hwm Roosevelt tau tshaj tawm txog kev pab rau Soviet Union thiab ntawm kev tshem tawm ntawm cov nyiaj los ntawm Soviet [11], qhia tom qab Soviet Union tawm tsam Finland thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 1939, nrog rau kev tshem tawm ib txhij los ntawm Pab Koomtes ntawm Cov Neeg. Thiab "raws sijhawm" muaj cov ntawv sau tseg tias kev txom nyem ntawm cov neeg ua liaj ua teb tau pom nyob hauv Romania, cov qoob loo tau raug dej nyab hauv Hungary, thiab cov zaub mov tau kwv yees hauv tebchaws Ltalis [12].
Thawj qhov kev sib tham pem hauv ntej kuj tau tshwm sim - rov luam tawm los ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm hauv nruab nrab, ua tim khawv, ua ntej tshaj plaws, mus rau qib qis tshaj lij ntawm lawv cov kws sau ntawv. Yog li, hauv kab lus "Kev Tawm Tsam Tsheb" los ntawm M. Ruzov hnub tim 25 Lub Rau Hli (rov luam tawm los ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm "Izvestia") nws tau tshaj tawm tias peb lub tshuab rab phom tua phom, nyob hauv lub tank, raug mob los ntawm lub plhaub tawg, tab sis kev sib ntaus sib tua txuas ntxiv (!) [13]. Lub caij no, qhov no yuav tsum tsis tau sau txog, yog tias tsuas yog vim tso tsheb hlau luam, hauv txoj ntsiab cai, yuav tsum tsis txhob nkag los ntawm lub plhaub tawg. Thiab qhov no yuav yog tib yam "qhov tseeb" uas ib tus tuaj yeem nyob ntsiag to!
Soviet cov kws tsav dav hlau hauv tebchaws Askiv. Tsis tas yuav sau cov ntawv zoo li no. Cov ntaub ntawv sib piv hauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib cav ntawm kev nom kev tswv thiab nyiaj txiag yog teeb meem!
Ntawm no kuj tau tshaj tawm zaj dab neeg ntawm tus kws tsav dav hlau German uas raug ntes, uas tau hais tias "peb tsis xav tawm tsam cov neeg Lavxias, peb raug yuam kom tawm tsam, peb nkees nkees ntawm kev ua tsov rog, peb tsis paub tias peb tab tom sib ntaus rau dab tsi" thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev poob ntawm Red Army rau Lub Rau Hli 22, 23 thiab 24, qhov uas nws tau tshaj tawm tias Soviet kev ya dav hlau poob feem ntau yog 374 lub dav hlau ntawm tshav dav hlau, thaum cov yeeb ncuab tau rhuav tshem 161 lub dav hlau hauv huab cua thiab 200 ntawm lub tshav dav hlau [14]. Raws li tsab ntawv ceeb toom ntawm Red Army High Command rau Lub Rau Hli 23, "thaum nruab hnub cov yeeb ncuab tau sim tsim kev tawm tsam ib puag ncig tag nrho ntawm Baltic mus rau Hiav Txwv Dub", tab sis "tsis muaj kev vam meej." Tom qab ntawd tau tshaj xov xwm nplij siab tias "tus yeeb ncuab, uas tau sib yuav hauv peb thaj chaw thaum sawv ntxov, tau swb los ntawm kev tawm tsam ntawm peb cov tub rog thiab thim rov qab hla lub xeev ciam teb thaum yav tav su, thaum peb cov phom loj tua hluav taws txog 300 tus yeeb ncuab tso tsheb hlau luam hauv Shauliai cov lus qhia. " Aviation "tiv thaiv kev sib ntaus sib tua muaj kev vam meej, npog cov tub rog, tshav dav hlau, chaw nyob thiab chaw tub rog los ntawm kev tawm tsam huab cua thiab pab txhawb kev tawm tsam ntawm peb pab tub rog." Nws kuj tau tshaj tawm tias "Thaum Lub Rau Hli 22 thiab 23, peb tau ntes txog tsib txhiab tus tub rog German thiab cov tub ceev xwm" [15].
Yam uas cov ntaub ntawv tau nthuav tawm tseem zoo ib yam li thaum npog cov xwm txheej hauv Spain xyoo 1936-1939. Ntawd yog, peb cov tub rog tau ua tiav txhua qhov chaw, cov tub rog thiab cov tub ceev xwm ntawm Red Army tau ua haujlwm ntau nrog qhov ua tau zoo, thiab cov yeeb ncuab nyob txhua qhov chaw tau raug kev puas tsuaj loj. Nws tau tshaj tawm tias kev poob ntawm cov tub rog German hauv thawj peb lub lis piam ntawm kev ua tsov rog tau hem tiag tiag: "Soviet kev ya dav hlau, uas Hitler tus khav theeb tshaj tawm tias yeej thawj hnub ntawm kev ua tsov rog, rhuav tshem ntau dua 2,300 lub dav hlau German raws li cov ntaub ntawv hloov tshiab thiab tseem ua kom muaj kev puas tsuaj dav hlau dav hlau … Cov tub rog German tau poob ntau dua 3000 lub tso tsheb hlau luam. Tib lub sijhawm, peb poob 1900 lub dav hlau thiab 2200 tso tsheb hlau luam "[16]. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tau dhau los tsis meej li cas, tom qab tag nrho cov kev ua tiav no, cov tub rog Soviet tau thim rov qab ntxiv thiab ntxiv mus, thiab pab tub rog German, suav nrog cov tub rog uas tsis "xav tawm tsam", txuas ntxiv ua tiav hauv Soviet av ntxiv thiab ntxiv mus! Nws tsis meej vim li cas cov ntaub ntawv hais txog peb qhov kev poob tau muab tag nrho. Tib neeg yuav nkag siab yooj yim tias qhov no yog cais cov ntaub ntawv. Nws yuav tsis tau tshwm sim rau lawv kom txaus siab rau qhov no, tab sis nws tuaj yeem tau sau nyob rau hauv txoj hauv kev uas tam sim no nws tsis tuaj yeem suav nrog txhua qhov kev poob ntawm peb cov tub rog, tab sis tom qab yeej txhua yam yuav ua tiav, thiab tsis muaj leej twg yuav hnov qab!
Cov cellars ntawm nplooj ntawv plaub feem ntau tau tshwj tseg rau cov dab neeg luv luv thiab sau ntawv xov xwm. Ntxiv mus, hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, zoo li ua ntej, kev thuam ntawm kev nyiam kev ntseeg tau rov tshwm sim zoo li qhov tshwm sim uas ploj tag los ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm Soviet ntawv xov xwm tom qab Lub Yim Hli 23, 1939: "Qhov kev xav zais ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm lub tebchaws Yelemes" [17], "Lub Tebchaws- tsev loj cuj "[18]," Kev tshaib kev nqhis hauv Nazi Lub Tebchaws Yelemees "[19] pleev xim rau qhov tsis txaus ntseeg thiab tshaib plab ntawm cov neeg German lub neej, uas, ntawm ib sab, tau kawg tau ntsib qhov kev cia siab thiab kev cia siab ntawm cov pej xeem Soviet, tab sis ntawm qhov tod tes, nws tsis tuaj yeem tab sis tsim "cov lus nug yam tsis muaj lus teb." Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tau tshaj tawm tam sim txog cov khoom lag luam nyob hauv Kiev kev lag luam [20], uas los ntawm thiab loj yog qhov ua yuam kev ntawm Soviet cov neeg tshaj tawm, vim tias cov ntaub ntawv no tau tshaj tawm hauv kev cia siab ntawm kev yeej sai sai ntawm cov yeeb ncuab, thiab qhov no tsis yog txoj hauv kev yuav los sai sai no. Ntxiv mus, nrog rau cov ntawv xov xwm thiab ntawv xov xwm hauv Tebchaws Yelemees (!), Lub Soviet xov xwm tau tshaj tawm li cas German xovxwm qhuas cov nqaij nees, dev thiab nqaij miv, "roj paraffin" thiab "margarine ntoo"! Lub caij no, qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws hauv zaj dab neeg ntawm "OBS lub koom haum" ("ib tus pog hais"). Hauv kev tshaj xov xwm, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lub xeev, nws yuav tsum tau hloov pauv ntau dua thiab tsis pub dhau qhov yuav tsum tau tso cai. Ntawm lawv nws ib txwm yooj yim mus ntes leej twg sau tom qab thiab … txhawm rau liam tag nrho cov xov xwm ntawm kev dag!
Ntawm no, hauv qab daim duab no, qee yam sib txawv kiag li yuav tsum tau sau, uas yog, tias peb kev lag luam tsim cov phom tsis siv neeg zoo heev, uas cov neeg German tsis muaj. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog los sau lawv lub npe, tus tsim khoom, coj thiab tso nws qhov kev xam phaj hauv ntawv xov xwm, thiab yog li ntawd hauv nws nws yuav qhia qhov kev xav uas nws tus kheej tau ua rau nws los ntawm kev hu mus rau Kremlin rau Comrade Stalin, thiab nws xav li cas nws ua haujlwm thiab teb tau zoo los ntawm nws tus kheej thiab nws pab neeg. Thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawv sau txog qhov ua tiav ntawm cov neeg tua phom tiag.
Los yog, piv txwv li, kab lus "Lub ntsej muag Beastly ntawm German Fascism." Hauv nws, tus sau tau piav qhia txog kev txaus ntshai ntawm kev ntaus thiab tua nyob hauv tebchaws Yelemes, tab sis vim qee yam tsuas yog txog thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 1939, txawm hais tias nws tau sau tseg tias kev ntshai muaj ntau zuj zus nrog kev ua tsov rog [21]. Tab sis nws tsis tau piav qhia yog vim li cas rau ob xyoos tag nrho peb cov xov xwm tsis hais ib lo lus hais txog cov kev ua phem phem no, uas tsis ntseeg tias ua rau tsis ntseeg kev ntseeg ntawm kev tshaj tawm tag nrho. Piv txwv li, tsab xov xwm hais tias "tsoomfwv Hitler yog daim qauv ntawm Tsarism Lavxias" [22] kuj yog qhov ua yuam kev, vim tias tseem muaj coob leej neeg uas nyob hauv lub tsarist tsoomfwv thiab nkag siab tias muaj qhov pom tseeb "sib tshooj", nws tuaj yeem dag loj!
Cov ntawv xov xwm tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas kev tswj hwm lub siab ntawm cov neeg los ntawm kev tshaj tawm cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov ncauj lus keeb kwm. Cov ntawv zoo li "Tus Tib Neeg Tus Thawj Coj" (hais txog AV Suvorov), "Kev swb ntawm Napoleon", "Feat of Susanin", "Battle of the Ice" qhia txog kev yeej ntawm riam phom Lavxias hauv kev ua tsov rog dhau los thiab kev ua siab loj ntawm Cov neeg Lavxias. Ntxiv mus, tsab xov xwm kawg tau piav qhia li cas cov neeg ua teb thiab cov kws txawj txua ntoo, muaj riam phom hauv tsev, hmuv, hneev nrog cov xub ntoo, tuav “tus tub rog-dev” [23], uas yog qhov tsis meej pem ntawm keeb kwm qhov tseeb txawm tias nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd. Ib yam li ntawd, tag nrho kev yeej hla Teutonic Order hauv Battle of Grunwald tau suav nrog tshwj xeeb rau cov tub rog Lavxias, txij li "cov neeg Lithuanians tau khiav tawm ntawm tshav rog" thiab "Cov tub rog Polish tsis txaus siab" [24]. Qhov sawv ntawm kev hlub tus txiv kuj tseem yuav pab txhawb rau kev tshaj tawm hauv cov ntawv xov xwm cov nkauj ntawm cov nkauj xws li "Semyon Budyonny", "Ntaus los ntawm ntuj, dav hlau!", "Nyem rau pab tub rog ntawm Voroshilov." Txawm tias "ib qho kev hais tawm los ntawm" dab neeg dab neeg "" Chapaev tseem muaj txoj sia nyob! " [25], txij li zaj yeeb yaj kiab zaj duab xis zoo sib xws tau tshwm ntawm cov ntxaij vab tshaus ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab thaum ntawd.
