Kev ua haujlwm, uas yuav tham txog hauv kab lus no, kawm tsis zoo hauv keeb kwm Lavxias. Muaj kev nkag siab lub hom phiaj yog vim li cas rau qhov no - pib ntawm Great Patriotic War tau ua tiav ntawm cov nplooj ntawv zoo nkauj, ci. Yog li ntawd, kev ua haujlwm Iran - kev sib koom ua haujlwm Askiv -Saib ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob kom nyob hauv thaj tsam ntawm Iran lub xeev raws li txoj cai lub npe Operation Countenance, uas tau khiav txij lub Yim Hli 25 txog rau Lub Cuaj Hli 17, 1941, tseem nyob ntawm "qhov chaw khoob" tsov rog no. Tab sis peb tseem yuav tsum paub nplooj ntawv no ntawm kev kos duab tub rog hauv tebchaws. Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb kom paub qhov no los ntawm qhov tseeb tias qee tus tshaj tawm, zoo li Yulia Latynina, tab tom sim tsim cov lus dab neeg hais txog Moscow txoj kev sim ua txuas ntxiv ib feem ntawm Azerbaijani ntawm Iran mus rau Azerbaijan SSR, Soviet Union ua "kev ua rog ntawm kev kov yeej" "nrog lub hom phiaj los tuav Iran. Thiab qhov no yog lub sijhawm nyuaj ntawm kev tshem tawm ntawm Pawg Tub Rog Liab nyob rau hauv Wehrmacht, thaum cov tub rog koom nrog hauv Transcaucasian Front tau xav tau sai sai hauv European feem ntawm Russia.
Keeb kwm yav dhau
Qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntej tseem ceeb uas ua rau kev ua haujlwm yog cov teeb meem ntawm thaj chaw hauv ntiaj teb thiab kev txhim kho kev nyab xeeb:
- kev tiv thaiv cov roj av ntawm Union (Baku) thiab Askiv (Yav Qab Teb Iran thiab thaj tsam ntawm Iran ciam teb rau Iraq);
- kev tiv thaiv ntawm txoj kev thauj mus los ntawm cov phoojywg, txij li qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv hauv qab qiv -xauj tom qab tau taug txoj kev Tabriz - Astara (Iran) - Astara (Azerbaijan) - Baku thiab ntxiv mus;
- qhov txaus ntshai ntawm kev tsim cov tub rog ntawm Peb Reich hauv Iran tiv thaiv keeb kwm ntawm kev tshwm sim thiab sawv ntawm "Iranian (Persian)" National Socialism.
Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias ntxiv rau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm "dub kub" thiab kev sib txuas lus ntawm cov tswv yim tseem ceeb, txawm hais tias lawv yog cov tseem ceeb rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm Moscow thiab London rau Shah Reza Pahlavi qhov tsis kam xa Soviet thiab Askiv pab tub rog hauv Iran, muaj lwm qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb, xws li cov teeb meem Kurdish thiab Azerbaijani. … Yog li, txog thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, Persia tsis tau txiav txim los ntawm Iranian (Persian) dynasties, tab sis los ntawm Azerbaijani Safavids (txij 1502 txog 1722), Turkic Qajars (txij xyoo 1795 txog 1925). Tau ntau pua xyoo, cov Turks yog cov neeg tseem ceeb ntawm Persia, yog li ntawd, pib los ntawm lub xyoo pua 13th, Azerbaijani lub nroog ntawm Tabriz, Ardabil, Hamadan, Qazvin yog tus tsim ntawm cov muaj koob muaj npe kav, kav, tub rog, muaj txiaj ntsig thiab txuj ci tseem ceeb.
Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, nrog rau lwm thaj chaw ntawm lub neej, Turkic lub luag haujlwm tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ua nom tswv hauv lub tebchaws - yuav luag txhua pawg nom tswv hauv Iran tau sawv cev lossis coj los ntawm cov neeg tsiv teb tsaws chaw los ntawm cov xeev South Azerbaijan. Kev ua nom ua tswv, kev ua lag luam ntawm Azerbaijanis, Armenians thiab Kurds (Azerbaijanis thiab Armenians feem ntau feem ntau lossis ib nrab ntawm cov pejxeem ntawm cov nroog loj) feem ntau txiav txim siab lub neej ntawm Persia-Iran. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, peb tuaj yeem hais tias "haiv neeg hauv lub tebchaws" tsis zoo.
Xyoo 1925, raws li qhov kev tawm tsam huab tais, Reza Pahlavi tau los ua lub hwj chim hauv Persia thiab nrhiav tau ib lub tshiab, "hauv paus" dynasty ntawm Pahlavi. Nws yog thaum ntawd Persia tau tshaj tawm Iran ("lub tebchaws ntawm Aryans"), thiab ntawm kev nrawm nrawm pib txav mus raws txoj kev Europeanization, "Parthians" (Parthians yog haiv neeg Persian hais lus uas tsim lub xeev Parthian - nyob rau lub sijhawm txij li 250 BC txog 220 AD) thiab Aryan imperialism. Ua ntej National Socialists los rau hauv lub tebchaws Yelemes, tus thawj coj Italian Benito Mussolini yog tus piv txwv rau Iran cov neeg tseem ceeb. Tab sis tus piv txwv ntawm Lub Tebchaws Yelemees tau los ze rau Iran - lub tswv yim ntawm "kev coj dawb huv ntawm Aryans" tuaj rau qhov nyiam cov koom haum hluas thiab cov tub ceev xwm.
Yog li, txawm hais tias muaj txoj haujlwm ruaj khov ntawm Askiv peev, uas tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv Iran kev lag luam, txoj kev tsis ncaj ncees ntawm thaj tsam ntawm Peb Reich tau muaj zog dua. Ib qho ntxiv, txij li xyoo 1933 Berlin tau ua kev sib raug zoo nrog Iran mus rau qib tshiab uas tsim nyog. Lub Reich pib ua haujlwm nquag hauv kev txhim kho kev lag luam, kev tsim kho ntawm Iran, kev hloov kho ntawm kev ua tub rog ntawm kev ua vaj ntxwv. Hauv Thib Peb Reich, Iranian cov tub ntxhais hluas raug cob qhia, cov tub rog, uas Goebbels cov ntawv tshaj tawm hu ua "cov tub ntawm Zarathushtra." Cov kws tshaj lij hauv tebchaws German tau tshaj tawm cov Pawxia "Aryans cov ntshav dawb", thiab los ntawm txoj cai tshwj xeeb lawv tau raug zam los ntawm Nuremberg txoj cai kev ntxub ntxaug lwm haiv neeg. Thaum lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1937, tus thawj coj ntawm Hitler Cov Hluas, Baldur von Schirach, tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo hauv Iran. Rau cov qhua ntawm kev hwm, nyob rau ntawm Iranian Minister of Education, cov xwm txheej tseem ceeb tau teeb tsa ntawm Amjadiye thiab Jalalio chaw ntau pob nrog kev koom tes ntawm Iranian tus tub ncaws pob, cov tub ntxhais kawm thiab menyuam kawm ntawv. Cov tub ntxhais hluas Iranian tseem tabtom taug kev nrog Nazi salute. Tom qab ntawd von Schirach tau mus xyuas thaj tsam ntawm Manzarie, qhov uas cov neeg German tau pom kev qhia chaw pw ntawm Iranian tub ceev xwm. Thiab nyob rau ntawm qhov kawg ntawm qhov kev mus ntsib, lub taub hau ntawm Hitler Cov Hluas tau txais los ntawm Shahinshah ntawm Iran Reza Pahlavi.
Iranian cov koom haum hluas tau tsim nyob hauv lub tebchaws raws li tus qauv German. Xyoo 1939, Cov Tub Scout tau dhau los ua cov koom haum hauv Iran cov tsev kawm ntawv, thiab Crown Prince Mohammed Reza Pahlavi tau dhau los ua lawv tus thawj coj "zoo tshaj". Los ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, Tub Scout cov koom haum tau hloov pauv mus rau pab pawg tub rog ntawm Iranian cov tub ntxhais hluas, ua qauv ntawm Hitler lub Tebchaws Yelemees. Cov neeg German tau nkag siab zoo txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm txoj kev kawm rau yav tom ntej ntawm lub tebchaws, yog li Reich tau koom tes nrog hauv kev qhib lub tsev kawm ntawv tshiab Iran. Txawm tias Qhov Tseeb Thib Ob, ua ntej Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum 1, qhib lub tsev kawm qib siab German hauv Tehran, thiab cov tsev kawm ntawv cov tub txib tau tsim hauv Urmia thiab Khoy. Hauv nruab nrab xyoo 1930s, Iran txoj kev kawm tau los nyob rau hauv kev tswj hwm ntawm cov kws qhia ntawv German thiab cov kws qhia uas tuaj rau tebchaws raws li kev caw los ntawm tsoomfwv. Cov neeg German tau pib ua cov haujlwm hauv ntau lub tsev kawm ntawv hauv Iran, thiab tswj hwm cov txheej txheem kev kawm hauv kev ua liaj ua teb thiab kws kho tsiaj. Hauv Iran cov tsev kawm ntawv, cov haujlwm tau ua raws tus qauv Germanic. Kev mloog zoo tau them rau txoj kev kawm lus German - 5-6 teev hauv ib lub lis piam tau mob siab rau nws. Cov menyuam tau qhia cov tswv yim ntawm "kev ua tau zoo ntawm haiv neeg Aryan", "kev phooj ywg nyob mus ib txhis" ntawm Iran thiab Lub Tebchaws Yelemees.
Ntawm qhov pib ntawm tsoomfwv Iran hauv ib nrab ntawm xyoo 1930s, Lub Koom Haum rau Kev Ncaj Ncees ntawm Kev Xav Pej Xeem tau tsim. Nws suav nrog cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Iranian Ministry of Education thiab Tehran University, pej xeem thiab kab lis kev cai ntawm lub tebchaws, cov thawj coj ntawm Boy Scout cov koom haum. Lub koom haum no tau tsim kev sib raug zoo nrog cov neeg tshaj tawm German. Kev qhuab qhia yuav tsum tau muaj rau cov tub ntxhais kawm, cov tub ntxhais kawm, cov neeg ua haujlwm, qhov uas lawv txhawb nqa cov duab zoo ntawm Peb Reich. Iranian xov xwm kuj tau koom nrog txoj haujlwm no.
Lub teb chaws Yelemees lees txais cov tub ntxhais kawm los ntawm Iran, yog li yuav luag txhua tus kws kho mob Iran tau txais kev kawm German. Coob tus tub ntxhais kawm uas tau txais kev kawm lus German, tom qab rov qab mus rau lawv lub tebchaws, dhau los ua cov neeg sawv cev hauv German uas muaj zog. Lub teb chaws Yelemees tseem yog lub chaw xa khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov cuab yeej siv kho mob rau lub tebchaws.
Raws li qhov tshwm sim, los ntawm kev pib Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, Peb Reich tau yeej txoj haujlwm muaj zog hauv Iran, thiab qhov tseeb lub tebchaws tau dhau los ua German lub hauv paus hauv cheeb tsam ze thiab Middle East.
Los ntawm xyoo 1941, qhov xwm txheej nrog Iran thiab nws "Aryan bias" rau Moscow thiab London tau tsim raws li hauv qab no: muaj qhov kev hem thawj tiag tiag uas cov roj thiab kev thauj mus los ntawm Iran, tsim los ntawm Askiv peev, yuav siv los ntawm Peb Reich tawm tsam USSR thiab Britain. Yog li, tsuas yog ib lub chaw tso dej hauv Abadan xyoo 1940 ua tiav 8 lab tons roj. Thiab aviation roj av nyob rau hauv tag nrho cheeb tsam tau tsim tsuas yog hauv Baku thiab Abadan. Ib qho ntxiv, yog tias cov tub rog German tsoo los ntawm North Africa mus rau Palestine, Syria, lossis mus txog kab Baku-Derbent-Astrakhan kab xyoo 1942, kev nkag los ntawm Qaib Cov Txwv thiab Iran mus rau kev ua tsov rog ntawm sab ntawm lub tebchaws Yelemes yuav yog qhov teeb meem daws teeb meem. Qhov txaus siab, Cov Neeg German txawm tsim txoj kev npaj lwm txoj hauv kev, yog tias Reza Pahlavi dhau los ua neeg tawv ncauj, Berlin tau npaj los tsim "Great Azerbaijan", koom ua ke North thiab South Azerbaijan.
Kev npaj ua haujlwm
Tom qab Thib Peb Reich tau tawm tsam Soviet Union thaum Lub Rau Hli 22, 1941, Moscow thiab London tau dhau los ua phoojywg. Kev sib tham pib ntawm cov ncauj lus ntawm kev sib koom ua hauv Iran txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev nkag los ntawm cov neeg German mus rau hauv lub tebchaws no. Lawv tau coj los ntawm British Ambassador Cripps ntawm kev sib tham nrog Molotov thiab Stalin. Lub Xya Hli 8, 1941, Cov Lus Qhia ntawm NKVD ntawm USSR thiab NKGB ntawm USSR No. 250/14190 "Ntawm kev ntsuas txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev hloov pauv ntawm German tus neeg sawv cev txawj ntse los ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Iran" tau tshaj tawm; nws yog qhov tseeb teeb liab los npaj rau Iran txoj haujlwm. Kev npaj ntawm kev ua haujlwm kom txeeb chaw Iran tau tso rau Fyodor Tolbukhin, uas nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd yog tus thawj ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm Transcaucasian Military District (ZakVO).
Peb pab tub rog tau faib rau kev ua haujlwm. 44th raws li cov lus txib ntawm A. Khadeev (ob rab phom sib faib roob, ob pab pawg sib ntaus sib tua roob, ib pab tub rog) thiab 47th raws li cov lus txib ntawm V. Novikov (ob rab phom sib faib roob, ib rab phom sib faib, ob pab tub rog sib cais, ob lub tank sib cais thiab ib tus lej ntawm lwm qhov kev tsim tawm) los ntawm ZakVO kev sau ntawv. Lawv tau txhawb ntxiv los ntawm 53rd Cov Tub Rog Sib Koom Tes hauv qab cov lus txib ntawm S. Trofimenko; nws tau tsim nyob hauv Central Asian Military District (SAVO) thaum Lub Xya Hli 1941. Cov tub rog 53rd suav nrog cov tub rog phom, cov tub rog tub rog thiab ob rab phom sib faib roob. Ib qho ntxiv, Caspian cov tub rog flotilla (tus thawj coj - Rear Admiral FS Sedelnikov) tau koom nrog hauv kev ua haujlwm. Tib lub sijhawm, cov tub rog 45 thiab 46 tau npog ciam teb nrog Qaib Cov Txwv. ZakVO thaum pib ua tsov rog tau hloov pauv mus rau hauv Transcaucasian Pem Hauv Ntej raws li cov lus txib ntawm Tus Lwm Thawj Coj Dmitry Kozlov.
Cov neeg Askiv tau tsim pab pawg pab tub rog hauv tebchaws Iraq raws li kev hais qhia ntawm Lieutenant General Sir Edward Quinan. Hauv cheeb tsam Basra, ob pawg tub rog tawg rog thiab peb pawg tub rog (tub rog, lub tank thiab cov tub rog) tau mob siab rau, ib feem ntawm cov tub rog tau npaj rau kev tawm tsam nyob rau sab qaum teb - hauv thaj tsam Kirkuk thiab Khanagin. Ib qho ntxiv, kev ua haujlwm tau koom nrog los ntawm British Navy, uas nyob hauv Iran cov chaw nres nkoj hauv Persian Gulf.
Iran tuaj yeem tawm tsam lub zog no nrog tsuas yog 9 kev sib cais. Ib qho ntxiv, Iranian cov tub rog tau qaug zog ntau dua li Soviet thiab Askiv cov lus hais txog kev siv riam phom thiab kev qhia tawm tsam.
Ib txhij nrog kev qhia tub rog, kuj tseem muaj kev qhia ua tub rog. Thaum Lub Yim Hli 16, 1941, Moscow tau xa daim ntawv ceeb toom thiab thov kom tsoomfwv Iran tshem tawm tag nrho cov ntsiab lus German los ntawm Iran thaj chaw. Kev thov tau ua kom xa cov tub rog Askiv-Soviet hauv Iran. Tehran tsis kam.
Thaum Lub Yim Hli 19, tsoomfwv Iran tau tshem tawm qhov kev so ntawm cov tub rog, kev tshaj tawm ntxiv ntawm 30 txhiab tus neeg khaws cia tau tshaj tawm, tus lej ntawm pab tub rog tau nce mus rau 200 txhiab tus neeg.
Thaum Lub Yim Hli 21, 1941, Lub Hauv Paus ntawm Lub Tsev Hais Plaub Siab Tshaj ntawm USSR ceeb toom rau Askiv sab ntawm nws qhov kev npaj yuav pib ua haujlwm Iran thaum Lub Yim Hli 25. Thaum Lub Yim Hli 23, 1941, Iran tshaj tawm qhov pib tshem tawm cov pej xeem Reich los ntawm nws thaj chaw. Thaum Lub Yim Hli 25, 1941, Moscow tau xa daim ntawv kawg mus rau Tehran, uas tau hais tias muab nqe 5 thiab 6 ntawm 1921 Cov Lus Cog Tseg ntawm Soviet Russia thiab Iran thaum lub sijhawm ntawd (lawv tau muab rau kev qhia txog Soviet pab tub rog thaum muaj kev hem thawj rau ciam teb sab qab teb ntawm Soviet Russia), Rau "lub hom phiaj tiv thaiv tus kheej" USSR muaj txoj cai xa tub rog mus rau Iran. Nyob rau tib hnub ntawd, kev pib ua tub rog pib. Iranian Shah tau thov kom Tebchaws Meskas pab, tab sis Roosevelt tsis kam, lees paub Shah tias USSR thiab Askiv tsis muaj kev thov thaj av rau Iran.
Kev ua haujlwm
Thaum sawv ntxov ntawm 25 Lub Yim Hli 1941, Cov Tub Rog Askiv Nkoj nkoj Shoreham tau tawm tsam qhov chaw nres nkoj Abadan. Lub nkoj tiv thaiv Iran tus ntug dej hiav txwv "Peleng" ("Tiger") yuav luag poob tam sim ntawd, thiab cov nkoj me me uas seem tau tawm mus nrog kev puas tsuaj tob rau hauv chaw nres nkoj lossis tso cai.
Ob pawg tub rog Askiv los ntawm pawg tub rog 8 Indian, nyob hauv qab kev ya dav hlau, hla Shatt al-Arab (tus dej nyob hauv Iraq thiab Iran tsim los ntawm qhov sib tshuam ntawm Tigris thiab Euphrates). Tau ntsib tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv, lawv nyob hauv lub chaw tso roj thiab cov chaw sib txuas lus tseem ceeb. Nyob rau sab qab teb Iran chaw nres nkoj Bander Shapur, British Navy thauj "Canimble" tau tsaws pab tub rog los tswj lub davhlau ya nyob twg thiab cov kev tsim kho ntawm lub nroog chaw nres nkoj. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev txav chaw ntawm British Indian chav pib hauv Baluchistan.
Cov tub rog Askiv tau nce qib los ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv sab qaum teb hnub poob ntawm Basra. Txog thaum kawg Lub Yim Hli 25 lawv nyob Gasri Sheikh thiab Khurramshahr. Lub sijhawm no, Iran cov tub rog tau rov qab mus rau sab qaum teb thiab sab hnub tuaj, yuav luag tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv. Cov huab cua tau ua tiav los ntawm Askiv thiab Soviet lub zog huab cua, shah kev ya dav hlau - 4 lub dav hlau huab cua, tau raug puas tsuaj nyob rau thawj hnub ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Soviet Air Force feem ntau koom nrog kev txawj ntse thiab kev tshaj tawm (xa cov ntawv xa mus).
Cov neeg Askiv kuj tau tawm tsam sab qaum teb los ntawm thaj chaw Kirkuk. Yim pab tub rog Askiv nyob hauv kev coj los ntawm Tus Thawj Coj Loj William Slim tau taug kev sai sai ntawm txoj kev Khanagin-Kermanshah, thaum kawg ntawm hnub thaum Lub Yim Hli 27, Askiv tau tsoo cov yeeb ncuab tsis kam ntawm Paytak Pass thiab nyob hauv Nafti-Shah cov roj av. Cov seem ntawm Iran cov tub rog tiv thaiv cov lus qhia no tau khiav mus rau Kermanshi.
Ntawm ciam teb nrog Soviet Union, 47th Army, nyob rau hauv cov lus txib ntawm General V. Novikov, daws qhov tseem ceeb. Cov tub rog Soviet tau nce qib hauv Julfa-Khoy, Julfa-Tabriz, hla hla Daridiz hav thiab Astara-Ardabil, npaj siab yuav tswj hwm Tabriz ceg ntawm Trans-Iranian txoj kev tsheb nqaj hlau, nrog rau thaj tsam ntawm Nakhichevan thiab Khoy. Nws yog pab tub rog tau kawm tiav, cov neeg ua haujlwm tau yoog raws qhov xwm txheej hauv cheeb tsam thiab koom nrog kev tawm tsam kev kawm hauv thaj chaw zoo sib xws. Cov tub rog tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm Caspian flotilla, txij li ib feem ntawm cov tub rog tau txav mus los ntawm hiav txwv.
Tsis pub dhau 5 teev, chav nyob ntawm 76th Rifle Rifle Division nkag mus rau Tabriz. Lawv tau ua raws los ntawm pawg 6 Panzer Division, nce mus rau pem hauv ntej 10 km hla Araks River, hauv Karachug - Kyzyl - Vank cheeb tsam. Cov tub rog hauv lub tank tau pab ua kom dej ntws los ntawm cov tub rog ntawm pawg tub rog thib 6. Lub tsheb tso tsheb hlau luam faib, hla ciam teb, txav mus rau ob txoj kev - mus rau ciam teb nrog Qaib Cov Txwv thiab mus rau Tabriz. Cov tub rog caij nkoj hla tus dej raws txoj kev tshawb nrhiav yav dhau los. Ib qho ntxiv, cov tub rog raug pov rau tom qab kom ntes cov choj, hla thiab lwm yam khoom tseem ceeb.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov tub rog ntawm 44th A. A. Khadeev tau txav mus los ntawm Kherov-Kabakh-Akhmed-Abad-Dort-Evlyar-Tarkh-Miane. Qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm lawv txoj kev yog Aja-Mir hla ntawm Talysh ridge.
Txog thaum kawg Lub Yim Hli 27, 1941, kev tsim ntawm Transcaucasian Front tau ua tiav tag nrho txhua txoj haujlwm. Cov tub rog Soviet tau mus txog Khoy - Tabriz - Ardabil kab. Cov neeg Iran tau pib lees paub yam tsis muaj kev zam.
Thaum Lub Yim Hli 27, 53rd Army ntawm Major General S. G. Trofimenko tau koom nrog txoj haujlwm. Nws pib txav los ntawm Central Asian cov lus qhia. Cov tub rog 53rd tau nce qib hauv peb pawg. Nyob rau sab hnub poob, 58th Rifle Corps ntawm General M. F. Grigorovich, chav nyob ntawm Pawg Rifle Roob Ruaj Khov 8th ntawm Colonel A. A. Luchinsky tau txav mus rau hauv qhov chaw, thiab 4th Cavalry Corps ntawm General TT Shapkin tau saib xyuas sab hnub tuaj. Tawm tsam 53rd Army, ob pawg neeg Iran tau thim rov qab yuav luag tsis muaj kev sib ntaus, tuav txoj kab tiv thaiv nyob rau toj siab sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm Iran lub peev.
Thaum Lub Yim Hli 28, 1941, chav nyob ntawm Askiv Askiv 10 Indian Division tau nyob hauv Ahvaz. Txij lub sijhawm ntawd, cov haujlwm hauv tebchaws Askiv tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tau. Nyob rau sab qaum teb, Tus Thawj Coj Loj Slim tau coj Kermanshah los ntawm cua daj cua dub thaum Lub Yim Hli 29, tab sis tus thawj coj hauv tub rog tau tso nws yam tsis muaj kev tawm tsam. Cov tub rog Iranian uas tseem tshuav sib ntaus tau raug rub mus rau lub nroog, uas lawv tau npaj los tiv thaiv kom txog thaum kawg. Lub sijhawm no, cov tub rog Askiv nyob hauv ob kab lus los ntawm Akhvaz thiab Kermanshah tau taug kev ntawm Tehran, thiab cov chav siab ntawm Red Army tau mus txog Mehabad - Qazvin thiab Sari - Damgan - Sabzevar kab, coj Mashhad. Tom qab ntawd, tsis muaj ib qho tseem ceeb hauv kev tawm tsam.
Cov txiaj ntsig
- Raws li kev nyuaj siab los ntawm tus kws tshaj lij Askiv, nrog rau Iranian kev tawm tsam, thaum Lub Yim Hli 29, Shah Reza Pahlavi tshaj tawm txoj kev tawm ntawm tsoomfwv Ali Mansur. Tsoomfwv Iranian tshiab tau tsim, coj los ntawm Ali Furuki, nyob rau tib hnub ntawd kev sib cog lus tau xaus nrog tebchaws Askiv, thiab thaum Lub Yim Hli 30 nrog rau Soviet Union. Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 8, tau kos npe pom zoo uas tau hais tseg thaj tsam ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm ob lub zog loj. Tsoomfwv Iranian tau cog lus tias yuav ntiab tawm ntawm lub tebchaws txhua tus pej xeem ntawm lub tebchaws Yelemes thiab lwm lub tebchaws ntawm Berlin cov phoojywg, ua raws li kev coj nruj thiab tsis cuam tshuam nrog kev hla tub rog ntawm cov tebchaws ntawm Anti-Hitler kev koom tes.
Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 12, 1941, Tus sawv cev Askiv rau Cripps Union pib sib tham ntawm London thiab Moscow txog kev xaiv tsa tus thawj coj tshiab ntawm Iran. Qhov kev xaiv poob rau ntawm Shah Reza Pahlavi tus tub - Mohammed Reza Pahlavi. Daim duab no haum rau txhua tus. Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 15, cov phoojywg tau coj tub rog mus rau Tehran, thiab thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 16, Shah Reza raug yuam kom kos npe rau kev tso cai rau nws tus tub.
- Kev ua tub rog feem ntau suav nrog kev ua haujlwm sai ntawm cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thiab cov khoom. Qhov no lees paub qib kev poob: 64 raug tua thiab raug mob Britons, kwv yees li 50 tus neeg tuag thiab 1,000 tus raug mob, cov tub rog Soviet mob, txog 1,000 tus neeg Iran tuag.
- USSR tau xav txog kev txhim kho nws txoj kev vam meej hauv Iran kev coj ua - ob lub xeev tau tsim hauv thaj tsam Soviet ntawm kev ua haujlwm - Mehabad Republic (Kurdish) thiab South Azerbaijan. Cov tub rog Soviet tau sawv hauv Iran txog lub Tsib Hlis 1946 txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam los ntawm Qaib Cov Txwv.
T-26 tso tsheb hlau luam thiab BA-10 cov tsheb tiv thaiv hauv Iran. Cuaj hlis 1941.
Ntawm lo lus nug ntawm "kev ua haujlwm" ntawm Iran los ntawm Soviet Union
Ua ntej, Moscow muaj txoj cai lij choj los ua li ntawd - muaj kev pom zoo nrog Persia xyoo 1921. Ib qho ntxiv, tsis muaj kev tsov rog ntawm kev kov yeej; cov teeb meem ntawm thaj chaw hauv ntiaj teb, kev tiv thaiv thaj chaw uas muaj tswv yim, thiab kev sib txuas lus tau raug daws. Tom qab kev ua tsov rog, cov tub rog tau thim rov qab, Iran tau dhau los ua qhov tseeb ywj pheej, thiab qhov tseeb yog tus menyuam roj hmab Anglo-American txog xyoo 1979. Moscow tsis muaj phiaj xwm "Sovietize" Iran thiab txuas ntxiv mus rau USSR.
Qhov thib ob, kev nkag los ntawm pab tub rog tau koom tes nrog Tebchaws Askiv thiab tau ua tiav ua ke nrog nws cov tub rog. Cov neeg Askiv tsis hais txog "kev kov yeej" kev ua rog, lawv pov av tsuas yog Stalinist USSR.
Qhov thib peb, Stalin yog tus txiv neej uas tsis tshua muaj siab, uas yog vim li cas USSR raug yuam kom khaws ntau pab tub rog hauv Iran thiab ntawm ciam teb nrog Qaib Cov Txwv. Muaj kev hem thawj tias Lub Koom Haum yuav raug ntaus los ntawm pab pawg Anglo-French hauv kev koom tes nrog Qaib Cov Txwv lossis Qaib Cov Txwv hauv kev koom tes nrog Peb Reich. Qhov kev hem thawj no tau muaj txij li kev ua tsov rog Soviet-Finnish, thaum Paris thiab London tab tom tsim phiaj xwm los tua USSR. Nrog rau kev tawm tsam ntawm Baku.
