Ib puas xyoo ntawm "Khiav Dim": Tsheej lab "Crucified ntawm Red Army Stars"?

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Ib puas xyoo ntawm "Khiav Dim": Tsheej lab "Crucified ntawm Red Army Stars"?
Ib puas xyoo ntawm "Khiav Dim": Tsheej lab "Crucified ntawm Red Army Stars"?

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Xyoo 2013, nyob ntawm ntug dej Novorossiysk, ib lub monument "Exodus" tau tshwm sim, mob siab rau kev ya dav hlau ntawm Cov Tub Rog Yugoslavia xyoo 1920. Lub nroog cov neeg ua haujlwm saum toj kawg nkaus los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm yav dhau los thawb cov lus hais txog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov ua rau nplooj ntawv tsis txaus ntseeg hauv peb keeb kwm, tab sis txawm tias tom qab ntawm kab ntawv muaj qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb ntawm kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam, uas nyob hauv nws tus kheej yog thawj kauj ruam ntawm kev tsis lees paub ntau dua ib nrab xyoo ntawm lub teb chaws keeb kwm. Tom qab ntawd, muaj kev txaj muag tshwm sim, tk. Cov neeg tsim lub monument yog cov neeg paub txog keeb kwm uas lawv tau muab tso rau ntawm ib qho ntawm daim ntawv nco txog cov lus ntawm General Anton Turkul, Knight of St. los ntawm Vlasov tus formations.

Thaum kawg, kev tsis txaus siab ntawm cov neeg hauv nroog tau mus txog qhov txwv uas lub npe Turkul yuav tsum tau muab tso ua ke sai sai, qhia tias cov lus tau koom nrog qee tus "tub ceev xwm ntawm Drozdovsky cov tub rog." Muaj tseeb, nws twb tsis muaj peev xwm cawm tau lub koob npe nrov ntawm lub monument ntawm cov neeg hauv paus txawm Novorossiys. Qee tus pib hu lub monument tshiab tsuas yog "nees", lwm tus txiav txim siab kom pom nws ua lub cim rau tus neeg ua yeeb yam zoo thiab hu nkauj Vladimir Vysotsky.

Tsis muaj cov lus xaus los ntawm cov kev kawm uas tsis tau kawm

Tau ua tiav lub koob npe nrov thiab kev sib raug zoo hauv zej zog ntawm "Nees" kev teeb tsa, cov tub ceev xwm tsis thab tshuaj xyuas seb nws tshwm sim li cas. Thiab yog li, los ntawm ib puas xyoo ntawm kev ya dav hlau ntawm Cov Tub Rog Sab Qab Teb ntawm Russia, uas yuav ua kev zoo siab nyob rau qib siab tshaj plaws, thiab kev txhim kho ntawm phiaj xwm kev ua haujlwm twb tau ua tiav hauv Lavxias Cov Tub Rog-Keeb Kwm Keeb Kwm, cov tub ceev xwm hauv cheeb tsam. txiav txim siab ua lawv ntsis.

Hauv Novorossiysk, nyob rau theem ntawm kev tswj hwm hauv nroog, tau tsim tsa pawg thawj coj saib xyuas, uas tam sim no tab tom tsim cov phiaj xwm ntawm cov xwm txheej uas tau teem sijhawm los ua ke nrog cov xwm txheej tsis zoo. Raws li xov xwm tshaj tawm, cov thawj coj yog qee "koom haum pej xeem", uas tsis tau hais tshwj xeeb.

Ib puas xyoo ntawm "Khiav Dim": Tsheej lab "Crucified ntawm Red Army Stars"?
Ib puas xyoo ntawm "Khiav Dim": Tsheej lab "Crucified ntawm Red Army Stars"?

Novorossiysk Cossacks ntawm Cheeb Tsam Dub ntawm Kuban Cossack Host kuj tau koom nrog cov xwm txheej no, thov kom teeb tsa kev pe hawm pehawm Vajtswv. Tib lub sijhawm, raws li txoj haujlwm no tau tham, tus naj npawb ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig tau nce mus rau ob: ib qho rau kev teev hawm, thiab lwm qhov rau St. George. Thiab lawv tab tom npaj yuav teeb tsa lawv ncaj qha rau ntawm qhov chaw uas twb tau sawv los lawm "Khiav Dim". Ib ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig yuav nyeem:

“Tus neeg hla dhau! Ntsia koj lub taub hau kom nco txog cov tub rog uas tsis muaj txim tuag ntawm tebchaws Russia, Cov Tub Rog Sab Qab Teb ntawm Russia, Cossacks thiab cov pej xeem Lavxias uas tsis tuaj yeem lees txais qhov tseeb kev nom kev tswv tshiab. Cov yeej tab sis tsis kov yeej cov neeg raug tsim txom ntawm kev tsim txom thiab ntshai ntawm 1919, 1920. Ntau lub npe thiab qhov ntxa raug coj mus rau qhov tob ntawm keeb kwm ntawm Hiav Txwv Dub”.

Thiab, ntawm chav kawm, lub monument tshiab twb tau npaj los ua qhov chaw ntawm hom kev mus pehawm Vajtswv. Thiab tam sim no nom tswv pob ntseg nrog lub suab hais lus schismatic tau nce tawm ntawm lub tswv yim zoo li. Tom qab tag nrho, ib zaug ntxiv rau cov neeg tawm tsam tom ntej no qhib lub luag haujlwm thiab tseem xa khoom mus rau qhov tsis nco qab ntawm sab uas lawv tso rau hauv lawv cov neeg sib tw.

Thaum kawg, thaum Lub Ib Hlis 24, nyob rau hnub tseem ceeb ntawm tsab cai lij choj ntawm decossackization, ataman ntawm Hiav Txwv Dub Cossack District, Sergei Savotin, tau sau qhov kuv, hais tias:

"Hnub no peb ua kev nco txog cov neeg raug tua tuag thiab tuag thaum lub xyoo raug kev tsim txom ntawm peb cov poj koob yawm txwv. Tsheej lab ntawm Cossacks los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Bolshevik tsoomfwv tau raug tua, faus ciaj sia, raug ntsia saum ntoo khaub lig ntawm cov tub rog liab hnub qub …"

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Tus kws sau ntawv yuav tsis liam tus pej xeem Savotin rau qhov tseeb tias Red Army lub hnub qub yog ib lub cim ntawm peb Qhov Kev Yeej Zoo, thiab Kuban Cossacks, uas tau koom nrog hauv Kev Ua Yeeb Yam Zoo Tshaj Plaws ntawm Red Square, tau ua raws li cov tub rog liab hnub qub. lawv Kubanks. Thiab Nazis siv lub hnub qub liab ua kev tsim txom, muab nws tsoo rau ntawm lub hauv siab ntawm cov neeg tawm tsam thiab Komsomol cov tswv cuab. Kuv tsuas yog xav tsis thoob yog tias Cossack qib siab paub qhov ntawd, raws li kev suav pej xeem xyoo 1897, 2 lab 880 txhiab tus Cossacks nyob hauv tebchaws Russia. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, menyuam yaus, poj niam thiab cov neeg laus kuj tau nkag los ntawm no. Raws li qhov kev suav ua ntej tshaj plaws, los ntawm qhov pib ntawm kev hloov pauv, tus lej Cossacks tuaj yeem tsis pub dhau 6 lab, ntxiv nrog menyuam yaus thiab poj niam.

Nyob rau xyoo ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Zej Tsoom nws tus kheej, kwv yees li ib feem peb ntawm tag nrho Cossacks hauv Russia tau tawm tsam nyob rau qib ntawm Pab Pawg Liab. Ib qho ntxiv, raws li cov ntaub ntawv hais los ntawm Dmitry Penkovsky, Tus Kws Kho Mob ntawm Keeb Kwm Kev Tshawb Fawb ("Kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw ntawm Cossacks los ntawm Russia thiab nws qhov yuav tshwm sim"), txog 500 txhiab Cossacks thiab lawv tsev neeg tau tsiv teb tsaws chaw los ntawm Niam Txiv. Cov lej yog qhov yooj yim, txoj hmoo yog qhov txaus ntshai. Tab sis kev zam rau pej xeem thiab thuam "lab", pom tseeb, yog qhov tsim nyog tshwj xeeb hauv kev coj noj coj ua niaj hnub no … lossis tsis muaj kev coj noj coj ua.

Ib zaug ntxiv, cov lus txib "tsis nco qab" tau muab?

Muaj tseeb tiag, Russia yog lub zog nrog keeb kwm tsis paub tseeb. Ua ntej, vaj ntxwv thiab huab tais ua tib zoo tshem tawm lub sijhawm ntawm keeb kwm uas cuam tshuam nrog lawv, tom qab ntawd cov neeg ua haujlwm los ntawm tog tau tshwm sim, uas taug kev zoo li cua daj cua dub dhau los ntawm keeb kwm, thiab dhau los ntawm monuments thiab tsev. Tom qab ntawd muaj lub sijhawm ntawm pej xeem Khrushchev, uas spat ntawm nws tus thawj ntawm lub plawv ntawm XX Congress ntawm CPSU. Thaum kawg, peb tau mus rau Gorbachev thiab Yeltsin, uas tau rhuav tshem keeb kwm ntawm lub tebchaws loj uas peb tseem tsis tuaj yeem tawm ntawm qhov tsis nco qab.

Lub sijhawm no peb yuam kom nug kom hnov qab yog dab tsi? Thawj lub npe ntawm qhov xwm txheej uas tau nyiam mloog yog Novorossiysk kev puas tsuaj. Hloov chaw, kev sib hlub ua kev lom zem pib nrog lo lus "txiaj ntsig", uas nyob rau hauv nws tus kheej cuam tshuam qee tus neeg raug tsim txom mus rau ntawm qhov keeb kwm yav dhau los.

Cia peb pib nrog qhov tseeb tias lub foob pob ntawm kev npau taws heev thiab lub ntuj raug txim uas tshwj xeeb hauv lub nroog Novorossiysk plunged hauv qhov xwm txheej 1920 tau tso ob peb xyoos ua ntej. Kev ntes Novorossiysk los ntawm cov chav ntawm Cov Tiv Thaiv Dawb tau nrog los ntawm kev tua neeg coob. Ua ntej, cov tub rog tsis ntseeg siab raug tua. Nyob rau thaj tsam Tsemesskaya hav, qhov chaw uas muaj dej nyab nyob, cov neeg saib xyuas neeg mob siab rau Reds thiab ntau pua tus txivneej Red Army pom lawv qhov chaw nkaum kawg. Thaum lub sijhawm Denikin tuaj txog, tseem muaj ntau tus raug mob hauv lub nroog, uas tau tawm tsam ib zaug ntawm Sab Hnub Poob. Cov xovxwm ntawm cov sijhawm ntawd tau sau hais tias, txhawm rau tsis txhob cuam tshuam rau cov pej xeem hauv zej zog nrog kev txhaj tshuaj, lawv tau txiav nrog sabers.

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Thiab qhov ntawd tsuas yog pib xwb. Kev pom kev luv ntawm Denikin txoj cai yog qhov ua piv txwv ntawm Berdyaev cov kab lus "ib tus yuav tsum hlub Russia thiab cov neeg Lavxias ntau dua li ntxub kev tawm tsam thiab Bolsheviks." Anton Ivanovich, uas tawm tswv yim "ib thiab tsis tuaj yeem pom", hauv kev ntxub ntawm Bolsheviks tau mus koom nrog Kuban Rada, uas tau tswj hwm tshaj tawm Kuban ua kev ywj pheej ywj pheej, nyiam txhua yam ntawm cov neeg ua phem, cov neeg dag thiab cov neeg nrhiav nyiaj hauv nws.

Qhov cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau Novorossiysk los ntawm "koomhaum" no yog kev txaj muag. Nov yog li cas cov lus dab neeg Vladimir Kokkinaki, ib txwm nyob Novorossian, piav qhia tus kheej-style Cossacks:

"Kuv yuav tsis hnov qab qhov xwm txheej. Ob tug "sib ntaus rau lub tswv yim" taug kev nrog rab phom. Ntawm tus txiv neej hnav zoo, hauv khau looj plab hlaub. Ib qho ntawm cov phom ntev thawb lwm tus nrog nws lub luj tshib nyob rau sab thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov neeg tuaj tom ntej: "Au, Gritsko, saib ib qho uas peb tau tso dag txog …" Lawv muab nws tiv thaiv phab ntsa, tua nws rau pem hauv ntej kuv ob lub qhov muag, hle nws lub khau, coj lawv mus thiab tawm mus."

Vim tias cov tub rog tsis sib haum uas tau tsav mus rau Novorossiysk "hollow", qib ntawm cov xwm txheej tsis huv tau dhia. Tsis muaj dej txaus. Typhus pib npau taws heev, txiav cov neeg hauv nroog thiab cov neeg tawg rog. Nws yog los ntawm tus mob typhus hauv Novorossiysk uas yog tus kheej zaj dab neeg tuag: xibfwb Tub Vaj Ntxwv Yevgeny Nikolaevich Trubetskoy thiab Vladimir Mitrofanovich Purishkevich.

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Vim yog kev ua txhaum cai ntawm kev tswj hwm, tsis muaj lub nkoj thauj khoom txaus, yog li muaj qhov txaus ntshai tiag tiag hauv qhov chaw nres nkoj. Nov yog yuav ua li cas cov xwm txheej tau piav qhia los ntawm cov lus hais saum toj no Turkul, uas tsis muaj kev sov siab rau liab:

"Peb tab tom thauj khoom mus rau Yekaterinodar lub cav. Lub tuam txhab tub ceev xwm tau nthuav tawm rab phom tshuab rau xaj (!). Cov tub ceev xwm thiab cov neeg tuaj yeem pab dawb tau thauj khoom. Teev hmo ntuj. Cov phab ntsa dub ntawm tib neeg sawv tom qab ntawm lub taub hau txav yuav luag ntsiag to. Lub nkoj muaj phav phav tus nees tso tseg. Los ntawm lub lawj los tuav, txhua yam tau ntim nrog tib neeg, lawv sawv ntawm xub pwg xub pwg, thiab ntxiv rau hauv Crimea. Tsis muaj phom tau thauj khoom hauv Novorossiysk, txhua yam tau tso tseg. Lwm tus neeg tau huddled ntawm lub chaw nres nkoj ze ntawm cov nroj tsuag cement thiab thov kom coj lawv, ncab lawv txhais tes hauv qhov tsaus ntuj …"

Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Colonel ntawm Don Combined Partisan Division Yatsevich qhia rau tus thawj coj:

"Kev thauj khoom txaj muag nrawm tsis tau tshwm sim los ntawm qhov xwm txheej tiag ntawm pem hauv ntej, uas yog qhov pom tseeb rau kuv, yog qhov kawg uas yuav thim. Tsis muaj lub zog tseem ceeb tau nce mus."

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Ib txhij nrog lub davhlau, Denikin tau txais "nyob zoo" kawg los ntawm nws "phooj ywg" - Cossacks ntawm Kuban Rada, uas tsis kam tawm hauv Novorossiysk. Yog li, kev coj tus kheej tsis zoo Cossacks thiab cov laib ntawm "zaub ntsuab" tau txais tag nrho lub nroog rau lawv siv, los ntawm Cov Neeg Tiv Thaiv Dawb tau tso tseg nrog lawv cov npe xaj, tab sis cov tub rog ntawm Red Army tseem tsis tau los txog. Lub dav hlau loj tshaj plaws nyob hauv Europe tau tso tseg, cov chaw nres nkoj hauv tsev tau raug rhuav tshem ib nrab, thiab tsis muaj leej twg suav cov neeg raug tua thiab nyiag cov pej xeem thiab cov neeg tawg rog tag nrho. Kev puas tsuaj rau txhua tus.

Liab Cossacks kuj tseem nyob hauv lub thoob khib nyiab ntawm keeb kwm

Hauv lawv cov lus hais, cov nom tswv los ntawm Cossacks kuj tseem ua ntej tshem tawm Red Cossacks los ntawm keeb kwm. Los ntawm txoj kev, lawv tau ua nws hauv cov kab ke zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm kev sib tham Piv txwv li, lawv "tsis nco qab" tias Ataman Pyotr Krasnov, yav tom ntej Nazi kev ua txhaum cai lij choj, tsis muaj txoj hauv kev rau kev muaj nyob yuav luag tag nrho Cossacks (thiab lawv tsev neeg, feem) uas tawm tsam lossis mob siab rau Reds. Tsis yog xov xwm thiab ua tiav ntawm Red Cossacks.

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Txawm li cas los xij, cia peb rov qab mus rau Kuban. Txoj cai pem hauv ntej ntawm peb lub qhov muag, zaj dab neeg cavalier ntawm St. George, tus thawj tub rog ntawm Lavxias Imperial Army thiab tus thawj coj tub rog ntawm Red Guard, Cossack ntawm lub zos Georgievskaya Ivan Antonovich Kochubei tau mus rau hauv lub cub tawg ntawm keeb kwm. Nws daim duab tau nrov heev ntawm Cossacks tias thaum cov neeg dawb tswj hwm tus thawj coj ntawm pab tub rog siab tawv, lawv txawm txiav txim siab zam txim rau nws thiab muab nws tus tub ceev xwm qib nyob rau hauv kev sib pauv rau kev pabcuam hauv lawv qib. Kochubei tsis kam thiab raug dai. Monuments rau nws sawv hauv Beysug, Nevinnomyssk, Georgievskaya, thiab lwm yam.

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Thiab kuv tsis paub yuav coj tus thawj coj tiv thaiv Yekaterinodar, tus qub pob kws los ntawm Don, Alexei Avtonomov, thiab Cossack ntawm lub zos Petropavlovskaya, Ivan Sorokin? Ob tus kheej yog qhov tsis sib xws, tab sis ob qho tib si yog Cossacks, thiab ntau txhiab Red Cossacks tau tawm tsam raws li lawv cov lus txib. Ib qho ntxiv, Sorokin thaum kawg raug tua los ntawm Bolsheviks lawv tus kheej, tab sis tswj kom tau txais kev qhuas ntawm Denikin nws tus kheej:

"Yog hais tias feem ntau cov kev coj noj coj ua hauv lub tswv yim thiab kev tawm tsam thaum Tsov Rog Caucasian Sab Qab Teb yog Sorokin nws tus kheej, tom qab ntawd hauv tus neeg ntawm tus kws kho mob nugget, Soviet Russia tau poob tus thawj coj tub rog loj."

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Yuav ua li cas nrog Yan Vasilyevich Poluyan, Cossack ntawm Elizavetinskaya lub zos, tus tswvcuab ntawm Pawg Tub Rog Tawm Tsam Kev Tawm Tsam ntawm Kuban Army, uas raug tua xyoo 1937 thiab rov kho dua xyoo 1955? Dab tsi txog Cossack ntawm Razdolnaya stanitsa, tus koom nrog hauv Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum 1, thiab tom qab ntawd tus thawj coj ntawm 1st poob siab Soviet Shariah Column, Grigory Ivanovich Mironenko, uas tau dim Kev Tsov Rog Zaum Ob thiab mob siab rau nws lub neej tag nrho los ua haujlwm rau lub xeev Soviet thiab nws cov neeg ?

Ntev npaum li cas koj tuaj yeem ua las voos ntawm lub rake keeb kwm no, daws koj cov teeb meem hauv zej zog? Lub rake twb dhau mus ua npuas lawm … Thiab tseem ceeb tshaj, muaj ib txoj hauv kev tawm ntawm qhov xwm txheej no, thiab nws yog kev puas tsuaj rau saum npoo av. Lub tswv yim heev qw txog dab tsi tshwm sim thiab yuav cuam tshuam nrog nws li cas.

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