Peb tau xaus tsab xov xwm Croatia raws li txoj cai ntawm Lub Tebchaws Ottoman nrog tsab ntawv tshaj tawm txog kev txiav txim siab ntawm Entente lub zog los hloov tebchaws Croatian mus rau vajntxwv ntawm Serbia. Tab sis thaum Lub Kaum Hli 29, 1918, kev tsim lub xeev tau tshaj tawm hauv Ljubljana, uas suav nrog Croatia, Slavonia (Slovenia), Dalmatia, Bosnia thiab Herzegovina thiab Krajina.
Nws tsis tau lees paub los ntawm "Great Powers". Hloov chaw, thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1, 1918, Lub Nceeg Vaj ntawm Serbs, Croats thiab Slovenes tau tshwm sim ntawm daim ntawv qhia nom tswv ntawm ntiaj teb.
Lub caij no, kev sib raug zoo ntawm Serbs thiab Croats los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd tsis yog tsis muaj huab. Ntawm cov Serbs, lub tswvyim ntawm "Greater Serbia" tau txais qhov muaj koob npe, uas yog lub hom phiaj los koom ua ke txhua tus neeg Slavic ntawm Balkan Peninsula. Ilya Garashanin hauv nws "Cov Ntawv Sau" (1844) hu ua Croats "Serbs ntawm kev ntseeg Catholic" thiab "cov neeg tsis muaj kev paub txog tus kheej." Croats, ntawm qhov tod tes, suav tias yog Serbs, qhov zoo tshaj plaws, kev ntseeg dab neeg, thiab qhov phem tshaj, Neeg Asians, uas tsis muaj cai nyob hauv av Croatian, thiab txawm tias lo lus "Serb" nws tus kheej tau los ntawm Latin kev pabcuam - "qhev". Tshwj xeeb, Ante Starcevic tau sau txog qhov no hauv phau ntawv "Lub Npe Ntawm Serb". Qhov no yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias koj nco qab tias txog rau lub sijhawm ntawd rau ntau pua xyoo Serbs thiab Croats tau nyob kaj siab lug (lub sijhawm no feem ntau hu ua "Millennium of Friendship") thiab txawm hais tib yam lus, uas tau hu ua "Serbo-Croatian". Cov teeb meem pib thaum cov nom tswv nrog kev xav ntawm "kev ntxub ntxaug lwm haiv neeg" ntawm lawv cov neeg thiab "ua tsis tau zoo" ntawm lawv cov neeg nyob sib ze tau koom nrog kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov neeg ib txwm muaj.
Raws li kev sib raug zoo ntawm Serbs thiab Croats, txhua yam tom qab ntawd los txog rau thaum Lub Rau Hli 19, 1928, hauv kev sib tham ntawm Lub Nceeg Vaj ntawm Serbs, Croats thiab Slovenes, tus tswvcuab ntawm Cov Tib Neeg Radical Party Punis Racic tau qhib tua hluav taws rau Croatian cov neeg sawv cev, ua phem rau tus thawj coj ntawm Croatian Peasant Party, Stepan Radic.
Ib qho ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov kev ua phem phem no yog teeb meem kev nom tswv uas tau xaus rau kev ua nom tswv tsis ncaj ncees, thaum lub Ib Hlis 8, 1928, Vaj Ntxwv Alexander I tau rhuav tshem tsoomfwv thiab tshem tawm txhua txoj cai. Lub xeev tau hloov npe tshiab thiab tam sim no tau hu ua "Kingdom of Yugoslavia".
Croatian Revolution Organization (Ustasa)
Tom qab ntawd, tus thawj coj ntawm Croatian cov neeg phem, Ante Pavelic, tsim lub koom haum hauv av Domobran, uas nws cov tswv cuab tua N. Risovic, tus kws sau ntawv xov xwm Edinstvo, uas txhawb tsoomfwv. Raws li "Domobran" tom qab ntawd "Croatian kev hloov pauv lub koom haum - Ustasa" (Ustasa - "Risen") tau tshwm sim. Nws tus thawj coj ("Poglavnik ntawm Ustashka") Pavelic tsis ntev khiav mus rau Bulgaria, qhov uas nws tsim kev sib raug zoo nrog Macedonian cov koom haum hloov pauv (nws yog Macedonian cov tub rog Vlado Chernozemsky uas tua tus huab tais ntawm Yugoslavia Alexander I Karageorgievich thaum Lub Kaum Hli 9, 1934 hauv Marseilles). Tom qab ntawd Pavelic tau xaus rau Ltalis, cov tub ceev xwm uas tau ntes nws tom qab tua Yugoslav tus vaj ntxwv. Tau 2 xyoos, Pavelic tab tom tshawb xyuas, uas tsis tau ua tiav.
Xyoo 1939, kev ywj pheej ntawm Croatia tau rov qab los, ntxiv rau, kwv yees li 40% ntawm thaj av ntawm Bosnia thiab Herzegovina tau "txiav" rau nws thaj chaw: qhov no tsis tsuas yog tsis txaus siab rau "nyiam" ntawm cov thawj coj hauv tebchaws ntawm Croatia, tab sis ntau dua "ua tsaug" lawv.
Croatia thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II
Hauv tebchaws Ltalis, Pavelic tau cog qoob loo kom txog thaum xyoo 1941, thaum tom qab kev ua haujlwm ntawm Yugoslavia los ntawm pab tub rog ntawm Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, Ltalis thiab Bulgaria, tau tsim tus menyuam roj hmab Croatian lub xeev, uas suav nrog Bosnia thiab Herzegovina. Ib tus neeg khiav tawm tebchaws tau los ua nws tus kav.
Qhov tseeb, raug cai hauv tebchaws Croatia (zoo li Montenegro) tau suav tias yog lub tebchaws. Thiab tsis zoo li Montenegro tib yam, lawv tau tswj kom nrhiav tau vaj ntxwv rau nws: thaum lub Tsib Hlis 18, 1941, lub crown tau muab rau Duke of Spoletta Aimono de Torino (thiab nrog nws lub npe Tomislav II). Tus huab tais no tsis tau mus ntsib nws "nceeg vaj". Tom qab tshaj tawm ntawm Tsoom Fwv Tebchaws Italis, nws tau khiav mus rau Argentina, qhov chaw nws tuag xyoo 1948.
Thaum lub Plaub Hlis 30, 1941, kev cai lij choj ntawm haiv neeg tau txais hauv tebchaws Croatia, raws li Croats tau tshaj tawm tias yog neeg xam xaj ntawm "thawj chav kawm" thiab "Aryans", thiab lwm tus neeg, "tsis yog Aryan" haiv neeg tau txwv hauv lawv txoj cai.
Ib tus thawj coj ntawm Ustasha, Mladen Lorkovich, tau hais hauv nws cov lus thaum Lub Xya Hli 27, 1941:
Nws yog lub luag haujlwm ntawm tsoomfwv Croatian kom Croatia koom nrog Croats nkaus xwb … Hauv ib lo lus, peb yuav tsum rhuav tshem Serbs hauv Croatia.
Lwm tus "hais lus hluav taws" - Mile Budak, thaum Lub Rau Hli 22, 1941 tau hais tias:
Peb yuav rhuav tshem ib feem ntawm Serbs, peb yuav ntiab tawm lwm qhov, qhov seem peb yuav hloov mus rau kev ntseeg Catholic thiab tig mus rau Croats. Yog li, lawv cov ntawv yuav ploj mus sai sai, thiab dab tsi tseem yuav tsuas yog lub cim xeeb tsis zoo ntawm lawv. Peb muaj peb lab lub mos txwv rau Serbs, Roma thiab cov neeg Yudais.
Txawm li cas los xij, Ustashi feem ntau nyiam khaws cov mos txwv thiab siv rab riam tshwj xeeb hu ua "serbosek" ("serborez") rau kev tua neeg, uas tsis muaj qhov zoo li qub - tus tuav uas tau muab tso rau ntawm txhais tes thiab tsau rau ntawm nws ib txwm muaj rau qhov no pab pawg riam
Nws ntseeg tias riam riam, uas tau tsim los ntawm German tuam txhab Solingen txij li xyoo 1926, tau ua tus qauv.
Tam sim no, nws ntseeg tias ntau pua txhiab tus Serbs raug tua thaum ntawd (cov lej tseeb tseem muaj kev sib cav, qee cov kws tshawb fawb hais txog 800 txhiab, qhov ceev tshaj plaws - txog 197 txhiab), txog 30,000 tus neeg Yudais thiab txog 80,000 tus neeg Roma. Yog li Budak txoj kev npaj tseem "tsis tau ua tiav": nws qhov kev tiv thaiv tau tiv thaiv los ntawm pab tub rog Soviet thiab Pab Tib Neeg Cov Tub Rog ntawm Yugoslavia, uas tau hais los ntawm JB Tito.
Tab sis cov neeg Muslim nyob hauv Nazi Croatia tsis raug tsim txom. Tib Budak hais tias:
Peb yog lub xeev ntawm ob txoj kev ntseeg - Catholicism thiab Islam.
Ntawm sab ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees tawm tsam USSR thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II, ob kev sib cais thiab txhawb ntxiv 369th Infantry Regiment, tseem hu ua "Croatian Legion", tau tawm tsam, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm uas raug tua lossis raug ntes ntawm Stalingrad.
Cov kws tsav dav hlau ntawm Croatian Aviation Legion, nrog rau Croatian Naval Legion, uas nws lub hauv paus yog Genichesk, tau sau tseg rau ntawm Soviet-German lub ntsej muag, thiab suav nrog cov nkoj tiv thaiv ntug dej hiav txwv thiab cov neeg tua hluav taws.
Lwm qhov ntawm pab tub rog Croatian tau tawm tsam hauv Balkans tawm tsam kev tsim ib feem thiab Tito cov tub rog. Ntawm lawv yog, piv txwv li, 13th SS Khanjar Volunteer Mountain Infantry Division (Khanjar yog riam phom txias, ntaj luv lossis rab ntaj). Nws tau txais kev pabcuam los ntawm haiv neeg Germans ntawm Yugoslavia (leej twg, raws li txoj cai, tuav haujlwm), Croatian Catholics thiab Bosnian Muslims. Qhov kev faib no yog cov tub rog coob tshaj plaws hauv SS: nws suav nrog 21,065 tus tub rog thiab tub ceev xwm, 60% ntawm lawv yog neeg Muslim. Cov tub rog ntawm pab pawg no tuaj yeem lees paub los ntawm fez ntawm lawv lub taub hau.
Kev tsim ntawm lwm chav zoo sib xws, hu ua "Kama", tsis tau ua tiav; nws cov tub rog tau pauv mus rau "Khanjar" faib.
Kev faib Khanjar tau muaj ua ntej muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua ua tub rog nrog Soviet pab tub rog: xyoo 1944 nws tau swb hauv Hungary thiab khiav mus rau Austria, qhov uas nws swb rau cov neeg Askiv.
7th SS Rifle Division "Tub Vaj Ntxwv Eugen" tau sib xyaw (ntawm no Nazis "ua rau lub koob npe nrov" ntawm tus thawj coj Austrian zoo Eugene ntawm Savoy) - tsim thaum Lub Peb Hlis 1942 los ntawm Croats, Serbs, Hungarians thiab Romanians uas xav ua haujlwm rau III Reich. Nws tau swb lawm thaum Lub Kaum Hli 1944 los ntawm cov tub rog Bulgarian uas yog ib feem ntawm thib 3 Ukrainian Pem Hauv Ntej ntawm Soviet Army.
Bulgarians ntawm txoj kev hla kev
Hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm Yugoslavia (nrog rau Tim Nkij teb chaws), Cov tub rog Bulgarian tau koom nrog - tsib kev sib cais, ntau kawg uas yog 33,635 tus neeg. Lub sijhawm no, Cov neeg Bulgarians poob 697 tus neeg raug tua, tabsis tib lub sijhawm lawv tus kheej tau tua 4782 tus koom nrog Tito cov tub rog thiab Chetniks. Tus naj npawb tseeb ntawm cov neeg tua neeg tseem tsis tau suav, tab sis nws loj heev. Nws tau paub tias tsuas yog thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm raug txim hauv thaj av Pusta River, 1439 tus neeg raug tua los ntawm cov tub rog Bulgarian.
Txawm li cas los xij, nws tseem yuav tsum tau hais tias Bulgaria yog tib tus phooj ywg ntawm lub tebchaws Yelemes uas nws cov neeg koom nrog ua haujlwm ib leeg. Muaj tseeb, lawv feem ntau tawm tsam nrog Bulgarians ib yam nkaus - tub rog, tub ceev xwm, thiab qee zaum, tiv thaiv lawv tus kheej, lawv tawm tsam nrog cov tub rog. Tsuas yog peb qhov kev coj ua tau tawm tsam cov neeg German lawv tus kheej.
Thaum Lub Yim Hli 22, 1941, Bulgarian cov neeg koom nrog tau tawg xya lub tsheb tso roj hauv Varna, uas tab tom taug kev mus rau Sab Hnub Tuaj. Thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 1942, lub tsev txhab khoom uas muaj lub tsho loj rau cov tub rog German raug hlawv hauv Sofia. Thaum kawg, thaum Lub Yim Hli 24, 1944, los ntawm kev tawm tsam Kocherinovsky lub tsev so, lawv tua 25 tus tub rog German.
Ib qho ntxiv, ob tus neeg Bulgarian tau ua haujlwm rau Soviet kev txawj ntse, lub taub hau ntawm tub ceev xwm tiv thaiv kev txawj ntse, lub taub hau ntawm kev saib xyuas kev pabcuam, thiab txawm tias Metropolitan Stephen ntawm Sofia (kawm tiav ntawm Kiev Theological Academy, yav tom ntej exarch ntawm Bulgarian Orthodox Church), leej twg, hauv cov lus qhuab qhia ntawm Lub Rau Hli 22, 1941, tau tshaj tawm tias kev tawm tsam Lub Tebchaws Yelemees rau Russia yog "kev poob loj tshaj plaws los ntawm kev txhaum thiab ua ntej rau Kev Rov Los Zaum Ob." Nws tau hais tias lub cache tau teeb tsa nyob rau hauv ambo ntawm St. Nicholas Lub Koom Txoos nrog nws kev tso cai, thiab txoj moo zoo tau siv ua lub ntim rau xa xov. Txog rau Soviet tus tub ceev xwm txawj ntse Dmitry Fedichkin, Lub Nroog Loj tau hais rau lub sijhawm no:
Yog tias Vajtswv paub qhov no yog qhov ua rau dawb huv, nws yuav zam txim thiab foom koob hmoov rau!
Ntawm 223 Bulgarian cov neeg tsiv teb tsaws chaw nom tswv uas tawm tsam hauv Red Army, 151 tuag.
Nws yog qhov xav paub tias tom qab xov xwm ntawm Stalin txoj kev tuag, ib daim ntawv hais qhia kev khuv leej rau cov neeg Soviet tau kos npe los ntawm ntau dua 5.5 lab tus pej xeem Bulgarian. Thiab tam sim no ntau tus qub tub rog Bulgarian uas yog cov tswv cuab ntawm Pab Pawg Tub Ceev Xwm ntawm Nws Tus Kheej Cov Tub Kawm Tub Kawm Ntawv (ib ntawm ob lub koom haum qub tub rog, qhov thib ob yog Union of Veterans), txaj muag los hnav lub Soviet lub txiaj ntsig rau Kev kov yeej lub tebchaws Yelemes, uas tau muab rau 120 txhiab tus tub rog Bulgarian thiab cov tub ceev xwm, vim nws muaj daim duab ntawm Stalin.
Serbian SS tuaj pab dawb
Txhawm rau kom muaj kev ncaj ncees, nws yuav tsum tau hais tias hauv Serbia, "tsoomfwv menyuam roj hmab ntawm kev cawm seej hauv tebchaws" Milan Nedic tau tsim Serbian SS Volunteer Corps, hais los ntawm Serbian General Konstantin Musitsky, uas tau nce mus rau qib Oberführer.
Thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 1941, nws tus lej sib txawv ntawm 300 txog 400 tus neeg; thaum Lub Peb Hlis 1945, kwv yees li 10 txhiab tus neeg twb tau ua haujlwm hauv nws. Lawv tawm tsam tshwj xeeb tawm tsam cov neeg koom nrog ntawm I. Tito, tab sis qee zaum lawv tau nkag mus rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua nrog kev xav tsis zoo Croatian Ustasha. Tab sis nrog Chetnik monarchists, lawv tau "ua kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb." Thaum kawg, thaum Lub Plaub Hlis 1945, lawv tau koom nrog ib ntawm Chetnik units, nrog leej twg lawv thim rov qab mus rau Ltalis thiab Austria, qhov uas lawv tau swb rau cov tub rog Allied.
Dawb Cossacks Helmut von Pannwitz
Hmoov tsis zoo, peb yuav tsum lees tias White Cossacks uas tau khiav tawm ntawm Russia tom qab swb hauv Kev Tsov Rog Zaum Ob kuj tseem "sau tseg" ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Yugoslavia.
Thawj Cossack Division, hais los ntawm German General Helmut von Pannwitz, hauv Yugoslavia dhau los ua ib feem ntawm 2nd Tank Army ntawm Colonel General Rendulich. Tus kws sau keeb kwm Askiv Basil Davidson hu tsis raug Pannwitz "tus thawj coj siab phem ntawm pab pawg ntawm cov marauders ntshav."
Davidson qhov kev xav tuaj yeem ntseeg tau: thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II, nws yog tus tub ceev xwm hauv Askiv Tus Thawj Coj Tshwj Xeeb Kev Ua Haujlwm thiab tus kheej liaised lus txib Askiv nrog cov neeg koom siab. Piv txwv li, thaum Lub Yim Hli 1943, nws tau tso tseg hauv Bosnia, thaum Lub Ib Hlis 1945 - nyob rau sab qaum teb Ltalis. "Art" von Pannwitz thiab nws cov neeg nyob hauv Davidson pom nrog nws lub qhov muag.
Los ntawm txoj kev, Yugoslavs lawv tus kheej (tsis hais haiv neeg twg) sib cais Cossacks los ntawm cov neeg Lavxias nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd, hu lawv "Circassians".
Von Pannwitz qhov kev sib faib tawm tsam cov neeg koom hauv Croatia, Serbia, Montenegro thiab Macedonia. Yav tas los White Cossacks tau hlawv ntau dua 20 lub zos, hauv ib ntawm (Croatian lub zos ntawm Dyakovo) 120 tus ntxhais thiab poj niam raug tsoob. Croats, phooj ywg ntawm Nazi Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, tau xa ntawv tsis txaus siab mus rau Berlin. Von Pannwitz ib sab nrog nws cov neeg hauv qab, tshaj tawm:
Croats yuav tsis ua mob hlo li yog tias cov neeg Croatian raug tsim txom yug menyuam. Cossacks yog hom haiv neeg zoo, ntau yam zoo li Scandinavians.
Ob qho Yugoslavia tshiab thiab USSR tau mob siab rau dai Pannwitz - nws tau tshwm sim thaum Lub Ib Hlis 16, 1947 hauv Moscow. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws cov neeg nyob hauv qab tau raug dai: A. Shkuro, uas tab tom nrhiav thiab npaj cov peev txheej rau Pannwitz cov ntawv, P. Krasnov (lub taub hau ntawm Tus Thawj Coj Loj ntawm Cossack pab tub rog ntawm lub tebchaws Yelemes), T. Domanov (taug kev thawj ntawm Nazi) Cossack camp) thiab Sultan Klych-Girey (tus thawj coj ntawm cov koog roob uas yog ib feem ntawm Krasnov Cossack corps).
Thiab tom qab ntawd qhov tsis sib xws pib. Xyoo 1996, tus neeg tua neeg no tau rov kho dua los ntawm kev txiav txim siab ntawm Tus Thawj Saib Xyuas Tub Ceev Xwm Lub Chaw Haujlwm ntawm Lavxias, thiab tsuas yog xyoo 2001 qhov kev txiav txim siab no tau tso tseg.
Xyoo 1998, ib lub monument (marble slab) nrog lub npe thuam tau tsa ntawm Moscow Lub Tsev Teev Ntuj ntawm Txhua Haiv Neeg Ntseeg rau cov "heroes" no - Pannwitz, Shkuro, Krasnov, Domanov thiab Sultan Klych -Girey:
Rau cov tub rog ntawm Lavxias pab tub rog sib koom ua ke, cov tub rog Lavxias, Cossack lub yeej rog, Cossacks ntawm pab tub rog tub rog zaum 15, uas poob rau lawv txoj kev ntseeg thiab txiv.
Hauv xyoo 2007, nyob rau hmo ua Kev Zoo Siab Hnub, cov phaj no tau tawg los ntawm cov neeg tsis paub:
Tab sis xyoo 2014 nws tau rov qab los nrog cov ntawv sau tshiab (tseem thuam):
Rau Cossacks uas poob rau Kev Ntseeg, Tsar thiab Leej Txiv.
Thiab peb tsis npau taws rau qhov qhuas ntawm Bandera thiab Shukhevych nyob rau niaj hnub no hauv Ukraine.
Tsov rog zaum kawg ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Zaum Ob Hauv Tebchaws Russia
Thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 26, 1944, kev sib ntaus sib tua tau tshwm sim hauv tebchaws Croatia ntawm Pitomach, uas tau txais lub npe nrov "Tsov Rog Zaum Kawg ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Zaum Ob": Tsov Rog Cossack thib ob ntawm Wehrmacht tau tawm tsam txoj haujlwm ntawm 233rd Soviet Division, uas yog ib feem ntawm 3rd Ukrainian Pem Hauv Ntej - thiab tswj hwm nws los ntawm lawv khob tawm. Kev ua phem ntawm ob tog yog qhov zoo heev uas cov tub rog Soviet tsis muaj ntxiv ado tua Cossacks uas raug ntes (61 tus neeg), thiab Cossacks - cov tub rog liab uas raug ntes (122 tus neeg). Qhov kev sib tsoo hauv zos no tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam thoob ntiaj teb: thaum lub Plaub Hlis 1945, cov seem ntawm Cossack units ntawm Wehrmacht tau khiav mus rau Ltalis thiab Austria, qhov uas lawv tau lees paub rau Askiv, uas tau muab rau lawv rau cov neeg sawv cev ntawm USSR (nto moo "tshaj tawm ntawm Cossacks rau Soviet kev tswj hwm hauv nroog Linz "): dhau txoj hmoo ntawm cov neeg siab phem no thiab Pua pua ntawm Lavxias txoj kev ywj pheej los kua muag ntawm kev tua neeg.
Txoj hmoo ntawm Pavelic thiab Ustasha
Kev ntxub ntawm Ustasha thiab kev koom tes hauv Serbia yog qhov zoo heev thaum Soviet pab tub rog nkag mus rau Yugoslavia thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 1944, cov neeg koom nrog lawv tom qab hauv Belgrade ib leeg raug tua thiab dai tsawg kawg 30,000 tus neeg. Hauv tag nrho, kwv yees li 50 txhiab tus neeg raug tua. Pavelic tau khiav mus rau Argentina, nyob rau lub Plaub Hlis 1952 nws tau pom thiab tua los ntawm ob tus neeg Serbs - Blagoe Jovovich thiab Milo Krivokapic (lawv tswj kom dim). Ntawm tsib lub mos txwv uas lawv tua, ob leeg tsoo lub hom phiaj, Pavelic tau dim, tab sis raug mob hnyav los ntawm qhov txhab, los ntawm qhov tshwm sim uas nws tuag hauv Spain xyoo 1954.
Kev sib tsoo ntawm Yugoslavia thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ywj pheej Croatia
Txawm li cas los xij, nws tau dhau los sai sai tias kev sib cav sib cav sib ceg hauv Yugoslavia tsis ploj mus, tab sis tsuas yog hais lus ib ntus thaum JB Tito kav. Twb tau xaus rau xyoo 1960 lawm. Hauv Croatia, muaj kev tsis txaus ntseeg, uas tau poob qis hauv keeb kwm li "Maskok" ("Masovni pokret" - kev txav mus los ntau). Hauv cheeb tsam ntawm Croatia qhov chaw Serbs nyob, kev sib cav sib cav hauv ib haiv neeg tau rov sau tseg. Cov tub ceev xwm Yugoslavian tau tshuaj xyuas qhov xwm txheej txaus ntshai thiab tsoo "Maskok" txhais tau tias "ntawm tsob ntoo." Ntawm cov raug ntes ntawd txawm yog ob tus thawj tswj hwm yav tom ntej ntawm Croatia - Franjo Tudjman thiab Stepan Mesic (uas tom qab tau lees tias "tsuas yog Serbian thaj av hauv Croatia yog qhov uas lawv coj nrog lawv ntawm lawv txhais taw").
Tom qab kev tuag ntawm JB Tito hauv xyoo 1980, kev loj hlob tsis tu ncua ntawm kev xav hauv tebchaws tau sau tseg hauv Yugoslavia, thiab cov neeg sib cais tau pom lawv tus kheej ntau dua thiab nquag.
Xyoo 1990, txawm tias ua ntej kev xaiv tsa ywj pheej, kev siv Cyrillic cov tsiaj ntawv raug txwv nyob hauv Croatia, thiab cov ntawv ntsig txog keeb kwm ntawm Serbia, nrog rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kws sau ntawv Serbian, raug tshem tawm ntawm phau ntawv. Cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv Serbian tau xaj kom kos npe rau "cov npe ncaj ncees" (rau tsoomfwv Croatian). Cov kev ua no ua rau muaj kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam los ntawm Serbs (lawv tus lej hauv Croatia tom qab ntawd muaj txog 12% ntawm txhua tus pej xeem), uas thaum Lub Xya Hli 25, 1990 tsim "Serbian Assembly". Qhov "Kev Tshaj Tawm ntawm Kev Sawv Cev ntawm Serbs hauv Croatia" tau lees paub, thiab kev pov ntawv tawm suab txog kev tswj hwm thiab kev ywj pheej ntawm Serbian Autonomous Thaj Chaw ntawm Krajina tau teem tseg rau lub Yim Hli.
Txhawm rau tiv thaiv Croatian tub ceev xwm thiab pab tub rog los ntawm qhov chaw pov npav, Serbs tau thaiv txoj hauv kev nrog cov ntoo poob, uas yog vim li cas cov xwm txheej no hu ua "Log Revolution".
Thawj qhov kev sib tawm tsam ntawm pab tub rog ntawm Croats thiab Serbs tau pib thaum lub Plaub Hlis 1991. Thiab tom qab ntawd kev tsov rog pib ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Yugoslav Republic of Croatia, uas tau kav ntev txog xyoo 1995 thiab xaus nrog kev tsim lub xeev Croatian ywj pheej. Kev ua nruj ua tsiv ntawm ob tog ces ua rau lub ntiaj teb xav tsis thoob. Twb tau nyob rau xyoo 1991, Serbs tau raug tshem tawm tag nrho los ntawm 10 lub nroog thiab 183 lub zos (ib nrab los ntawm 87). Tag nrho txhua qhov, vim tias muaj kev ua tsov rog ntev mus txog xyoo 1995, kwv yees li 30 txhiab tus tib neeg ntawm haiv neeg sib txawv tau tuag, thiab kwv yees li ib nrab lab raug yuam kom khiav tawm ntawm thaj chaw "yeeb ncuab" (350 txhiab leej ntawm lawv yog Serbs). Cov kev poob no tau nce ntxiv thaum ua haujlwm ntawm pab tub rog Croatian "Tempest" txhawm rau ntes Serbian Krajina thiab Western Bosnia thaum Lub Yim Hli 1995. Cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm Asmeskas cov tuam txhab ua tub rog ntiag tug Military Professional Resources Inc. kuj tau koom nrog txoj haujlwm no.
Lub Yim Hli 5 yog hnub nkag los ntawm cov tub rog Croatian nkag mus rau hauv lub nroog Serbian Krajina, lub nroog Knin (nws tau ua tiav nyob rau lub Yim Hli 7), hauv tebchaws Croatia tamsis no nws tau ua kev zoo siab hnub thiab Kev Ua Tub Rog Hnub.
Kev sib raug zoo nrog kev sib raug zoo ntawm Serbia (qhov tseeb dua, koomhaum xeev ntawm Serbia thiab Montenegro) thiab Croatia tau tsim los rau lub Cuaj Hlis 9, 1996.
Cia peb hais ob peb lo lus hais txog Slovenia. Nws dim txoj kev kov yeej Ottoman, tab sis nyob rau xyoo XIV tau poob rau hauv txoj cai ntawm Habsburgs thiab tau muab faib ua peb lub xeev - Kranjska, Gorishka thiab Shtaerska. Xyoo 1809-1813. yog ib feem ntawm Fabkis Illyria. Tom qab Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum 1, tag nrho cov ntug dej hiav txwv ntawm Slovenia tau dhau los ua ib feem ntawm Ltalis, qhov seem - hauv Lub Nceeg Vaj ntawm Serbs, Croats thiab Slovenes. Thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, Ltalis tseem kov yeej Ljubljana, thiab thaj av uas seem tau nyob hauv tebchaws Yelemes. Tom qab qhov kev ua tsov rog no xaus, Slovenia tau xa rov qab cov av uas ploj lawm thiab los ua ib feem ntawm cov neeg Yugoslavia uas muaj kev sib raug zoo. Xyoo 1987, ntau lub tuam txhab lag luam hauv Slovenia muab 20% ntawm Yugoslavia cov GDP thiab tsim 25% ntawm cov khoom xa tawm.
Thaum lub Tsib Hlis 1989, cov neeg tawm tsam hauv Ljubljana tau lees paub "Kev Tshaj Tawm" ntawm kev tsim "ib lub xeev muaj hwj chim ntawm cov neeg Slovenian." Thaum lub Cuaj Hli, qhov kev txiav txim siab ntawm Slovenian Assembly tau hloov pauv txoj cai lij choj, uas tam sim no tau lees paub lub tebchaws txoj cai kom cais tawm ntawm Yugoslavia. Txij li lub Cuaj Hli, lub tebchaws no tau tso tseg tsis them se rau tsoomfwv pob nyiaj siv, thiab thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 23, kev xaiv tsa tau muaj nyob hauv uas feem ntau ntawm Slovenes tau pov npav rau kev tsim lub xeev ywj pheej.
Qhov xwm txheej phem zuj zus thaum Lub Rau Hli 25, 1991, thaum Slovenia thiab Croatia tau tshaj tawm ib txhij lawv qhov kev cais tawm ntawm Yugoslavia. Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Slovenia tau xaj kom tswj hwm cov ciam teb thiab thaj chaw huab cua ntawm cov koom pheej thiab txeeb tau cov tub rog ntawm Yugoslav. Tus Thawj Kav Tebchaws Yugoslavia, Ante Markovic, tau teb los ntawm kev xaj JNA pab tub rog kom tswj hwm Ljubljana.
Yog li pib "Kaum-Hnub Tsov Rog", uas tseem hu ua "Tsov rog hauv Slovenia". Lub sijhawm no, 72 qhov kev sib cav ntawm cov neeg tawm tsam tau sau tseg, kev ua tsov rog xaus nrog kev kos npe ntawm Brioni cov ntawv cog lus, raws li Yugoslav pab tub rog tsis muaj kev tawm tsam, thiab Slovenia thiab Croatia tau ncua kev nkag mus rau hauv kev quab yuam ntawm twb tau tshaj tawm cov lus tshaj tawm ntawm kev tswj hwm peb lub hlis. Thiab tom qab ntawd cov tub ceev xwm hauv Belgrade tsis tau mus txog Slovenia - lwm lub tebchaws tau tawg.
Twb tau nyob rau xyoo 1992 Slovenia tau los ua tswv cuab ntawm UN, xyoo 1993 - tus tswv cuab ntawm Pawg Sab Laj ntawm Europe, Cov Nyiaj Txiag Nyiaj Txiag Thoob Ntiaj Teb thiab World Bank, thaum Lub Peb Hlis 2004 - koom nrog NATO thiab dhau los ua tswv cuab ntawm EU. Hauv xyoo 2007, lub euro tau qhia hauv Slovenia, thiab nws nkag mus rau thaj tsam Schengen.
