Bronze Horseman, koj yog leej twg?

Bronze Horseman, koj yog leej twg?
Bronze Horseman, koj yog leej twg?

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Video: Bronze Horseman, koj yog leej twg?
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Rau yuav luag ob thiab ib nrab xyoo, nws tau sawv ntawm Neva. Kev qhib kev tshaj tawm ntawm lub monument rau Peter Great los ntawm Falcone tau tshwm sim thaum Lub Yim Hli 7, 1782.

Qee lub sij hawm hauv ib ntawm thawj hnub ntawm Lub Yim Hli, feem ntau yog thawj hnub tawm, cov neeg paub txog cov khoom qub ib txwm tau sib sau ua ke los ua kev zoo siab rau hnub tseem ceeb tom ntej ntawm kev teeb tsa lub tsev teev ntuj rau Peter Great hauv Senate Square hauv St.

Tam sim no qhov kev lig kev cai tsuas yog nco txog xyoo jubilee, tab sis lub jubilee tom ntej yuav tsum tau tos lwm kaum tsib xyoos. Tej zaum, qhov no yog lub cim ntawm lub sijhawm uas niaj hnub no tsis muaj leej twg ntshai nws, zoo li Pushkin Eugene ntshai.

Bronze Horseman, koj yog leej twg?
Bronze Horseman, koj yog leej twg?

Nws zoo li tias Leningraders-Petersburgers twb tau tawm tsam tag nrho lawv tus kheej hauv hnub txaus ntshai ntawm Kev Tiv Thaiv. Tab sis lawv qhuas Falkonetov Peter, zoo li ua ntej, ntau zaus lawv tsuas yog hlub nws, nyiam hu nws tias "Petrusha". Tom qab tib lub sijhawm 900 hnub, tib neeg hauv nroog kho nws li cas sov dua, ua neeg nyob ntau dua.

Tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los no, cov nkauj nyab tam sim no tau yees duab tas li, thiab nraug vauv, qhib champagne, tiag tiag lub hom phiaj ntawm tus Tsov tus nees tus Tsov tus tw. Dashing foob pob ntawm Nevsky, npaj kom tshem tawm peb daim tawv nqaij los ntawm ib tus neeg, txawm tias los ntawm cov neeg txawv teb chaws, rau caij "ncaj rau Peter", tsis pub ntau tshaj tsib puas.

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Russia tsis tuaj yeem yws txog qhov tsis muaj monuments rau Peter the Great. Muaj ib lub sijhawm thaum tsuas yog Ilyichs tau puab, tab sis txawm tias tom qab ntawv luam zoo heev Rastrelli tsoo tau muab tso rau ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb ciav hlau Moscow.

Tom qab ntawd lawv tau xa "Tsar-Carpenter" mus rau Admiralty Embankment, tam sim ntawd Zurab Tsereteli fussed hauv thawj lub zwm txwv, thiab Shemyakinsky, qhov tseeb zoo nkauj "ib nrab-lub cev tuag" tau zaum hauv nruab nrab ntawm Petropavlovka. Txawm li cas los xij, cov nkauj nyab tseem tsis quav ntsej nws - lawv txhuam lawv lub hauv caug rau daim iav ci. Yog li nws tau txais kev coj ua.

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Tab sis tsuas muaj ib tus Falconet Peter xwb. Nws tsis yog qhov sib txawv xwb - Peter kuv tau txawv nws tus kheej, ua cas nws tsis haum rau txoj kab ntawm cov neeg ua ntej thiab ua tiav ntawm lub zwm txwv Lavxias. Ua tsaug rau Catherine rau qhov tsis lees paub ib zaug tau npaj ua lub rooj sib txig sib luag ntawm Carlo Rastrelli - nws yuav tsis tau muab cag rau ntawm ntug dej ntawm Neva thiab tsis tuaj yeem nyob ua ke kom yooj yim tom ntej ntawm qhov txuj ci tseem ceeb ntawm Montferrand.

Los yog tej zaum Montferrand, yog tias nws tsis yog rau Bronze Horseman, yuav tsis muab Isaac rau peb li? Nws yog "Bronze Horseman" - koj tsis tuaj yeem hais tau zoo dua li tus kws sau paj huam, txawm hais tias hnub no tus dab, yeej yuav hu lub monument rau Peter qee qhov txawv.

Tsis muaj teeb meem nyuaj npaum li cas Tsereteli thiab Shemyakin tau sim sib tw nrog qhov tsim tau zoo ntawm Falcone, lawv cov monuments tau txais tam sim ntawd los ntawm tib neeg tag nrho cov txheej txheem ntawm epithets, qee zaum saib tsis taus, thiab qee zaum tsuas yog tuag taus. "Stool stump" lossis "Stool". Tsuas yog "Dab" lossis "Leej twg tsis tau pom dua hiav txwv?" Thiab hauv kev teb - "Leej twg, leej twg … Petya hauv lub tsho tawv." Thiab ntau ntxiv hauv tib lub siab.

Xaiv yam koj nyiam, tab sis lawv tsis muaj qhov sib npaug rau Pushkin "npe menyuam yaus" thiab yeej yuav tsis ua. Yuav tsis muaj lwm lub monument tiag tiag tsim nyog ntawm kev nco ntawm tus kws kho mob zoo ntawm Russia.

"Tus tsim, hloov kho, tsim cai lij choj" - nws yooj yim thiab hais luv luv txog Peter los ntawm Etienne Falcone. Thiab muaj pes tsawg yam nyob hauv peb lo lus no ib zaug. Txhua tus thawj coj tom ntej muaj ntau qhov xaiv los ntawm. Tab sis thawj tus tau xaiv los ntawm Catherine.

Nws nyuam qhuav nyob ntawm lub zwm txwv. Kav tsuas yog peb xyoos. Nws xav tau kev pom tseeb ntawm qhov raug cai ntawm nws tus kheej lub zog. Tab sis nws ua siab ntev - Catherine tsis lees paub lub cim nco txog Carlo Rastrelli, khov heev, zoo li Italian condottieri, Catherine tam sim ntawd tsis lees paub. Peter tau tsim tsa Russia, nws tus ua tiav ntawm lub zwm txwv tsis yog tus uas cia nws tsaug zog dua.

Thiab lub monument rau Catherine xav tau kom phim cov kev ua haujlwm loj ntawm tsar zoo, leej twg muaj … tus txais txiaj ntsig zoo. Thiab nrog Rastrelli, kev tswj hwm zoo li tau ua tiav txhua yam - thiab qhov no yog kev tswj hwm ntawm lub xeev, uas twb xav tau yuav luag tsis muaj dab tsi ntxiv.

Catherine Russia xav tau txhua yam thiab ntau, txawm tias ntau. Lub monument rau Peter yuav tsum dhau los ua lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb hauv tag nrho cov cim ntawm huab tais, tsim los ntawm kev thov ntawm tus poj huab tais nyob tsis tswm. Nws ua siab ntev nrhiav tus kws tsim duab tsim nyog ntawm txoj haujlwm no. Muaj ib tus neeg los thov tswv yim - tom qab tag nrho, txij thaum tseem hluas, thaum tseem yog Grand Duchess, Catherine nkag mus rau hauv kev sib tham nrog lub siab zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Europe.

Encyclopedist Diderot kuj tau hais qhia - Etienne -Maurice Falcone. Diderot, ib tus tuaj yeem hais, kwv yees raug-los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm tsib caug xyoo Falcone tiag tiag tsuas yog "Milon ntawm Croton" thiab "Pygmalion". Tab sis raws li tus kws tshawb fawb, nws tau tua txhua qhov "antiquities" ua ntej uas kev coj noj coj ua Europe tau siv los qhuas yam tsis muaj kev poob siab.

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Txawm li cas los xij, ua ntej kev txiav txim rau St. Petersburg, Falcone tau ua ob lub tsev teev ntuj hauv Parisian Lub Koom Txoos ntawm St. Roch. Lawv ntxim nyiam Lavxias tus kws tshaj lij, Tub Vaj Ntxwv Golitsyn, uas txhawb nqa Diderot.

Falcone laus dua tus poj huab tais Lavxias thiab tseem ua siab ntev, nws tsis muaj qhov xwm txheej uas nws tau tso cai rau tinker nrog lub monument rau kaum xyoo thiab ib nrab. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv paub yuav tos li cas thiab ua siab ntev. Nws siv tag nrho lub caij tsuas yog thauj tus ncej - "Thunder -pob zeb" los ntawm Lakhta. Los ntawm cov txheej txheem kev pom, kev ua haujlwm yuav nyuaj rau niaj hnub no, tab sis nyob rau xyoo pua 18th nws yuav yooj yim dua (nyeem).

Tsis yog Sanssouci, lossis Versailles, lossis Schönbrunn tsis tuaj yeem them taus ib yam dab tsi. Thiab siv sijhawm ntau npaum li cas los ntawm kev xaiv lub hauv paus, thiab nws yuav luag tag nrho lub caij ntuj no kom ntseeg tau cov neeg thuam siab - tsuas yog kev sib tham ntawm Falcone thiab tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Lavxias Academy of Arts, Ivan Betsky, yog ob daim ntawv khaws tseg tagnrho.

Falcone nrog nws lub hom phiaj tau dhau los ua qhov tsis txaus ntseeg - nws tsis ua siab tawv tso nws tus tub ntxhais kawm Marie -Anne Collot los ua tus vaj ntxwv lub taub hau. Nws tsis tau hnov dua nyob rau hnub ntawd. Tab sis kuj, zoo li Diderot, nws twv tau raug. Collot tsis tau theej daim npog ntsej muag ntawm Peter ntawm tus kws qhia ntawv txoj haujlwm lossis lub neej tsoo ntawm Rastrelli, daws qhov teeb meem raws li tus neeg muaj kev ntseeg tseeb.

Qhov loj tshaj yog kom nkag siab tus yam ntxwv thiab tsis nkag mus rau qhov tsis sib xws nrog tus pej thuam nees nees nws tus kheej. Bulging ob lub qhov muag, lub hauv pliaj pluaj ntsej muag los ntawm cov hlua tuab zoo li nthwv dej, qhov pom tseeb ntawm lub siab ntawm lub ntsej muag, lub puab tsaig thawb rau pem hauv ntej - nws yuav zoo li qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov paub zoo, tab sis tag nrho - qhov kev xav yog qhov tshwj xeeb.

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Duab

Nov yog qhov kev txiav txim siab npau taws, thiab muaj peev xwm muaj lub siab hlub, ntawm no yog kev txawj ntse, thiab yooj yim, qhov hnyav thiab nyob ntsiag to tib lub sijhawm. Nws tau paub tias Falcone ntau "txoj cai" Collot, tab sis thaum kawg tsis muaj qhov tsis ntseeg qhov kev sib koom siab, nws yog kev khuv xim tias lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov tub ntxhais kawm tam sim no nco txog los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij xwb.

Catherine xaiv "nws" Peter, tham ntau txog nws, sau ntawv, tab sis ntawm lub monument nws tus kheej nws tau sau tseg sai heev: "PETRO primo CATHARINA secunda". Thiab hauv Lavxias: "Peter the Great, Catherine the Second. Lub caij ntuj sov 1782 ".

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Txij thaum ntawd los, Peter tsis tau so rau ntau ntawm Falconets. Inspired Pushkin. Nws tau txais lub siab tawv Emperor Paul kom yooj yim, tsis tau sawv ntawm Senate Square rau ob xyoo lawm. Thiab Povlauj, nyuam qhuav nce lub zwm txwv, tawm tsam nws niam, tsa lwm tus pej thuam nees ntawm Petus ntawm Mikhailovsky Castle. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm Carlo Rastrelli yog qhov uas cov poj huab tais zoo ib zaug tsis lees paub. Kev mob siab rau "Pradadu Tus tub xeeb ntxwv. 1800 "- tseem tau sau cia txawm tias Catherine.

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Pavel tus tub yau Nikolai, zoo li nws txiv, tab sis nrog lub siab txias dua, tsis tas yuav tos kom tso ib feem ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo rau hauv Peter tooj liab, thiab tib lub sijhawm rau hauv Decembrists.

Lawv hais tias nws cov cim tseem tuaj yeem pom ntawm qhov tawg ntawm Thunderstone. Tsis yog hauv peb Kev Hloov Kho, lossis hauv Kev Tsov Rog Zaum Ob, tsis muaj leej twg tsa tes tawm tsam Petus. Thiab tom qab ntawd cov neeg nyiam ntawm Luftwaffe tau tsom rau Peter - lawv yeej tsis ntaus.

Pushkin cia cov mystics mus, tab sis txias Nikolai Pavlovich, muaj "tua" Peter, tam sim ntawd xaiv cov duab ntawm stoic tsar rau nws tus kheej. Tus Bronze Horseman yog feem ntau piv nrog Roman Roman Marcus Aurelius thaum ub, txawm hais tias Falcone suav tias yog tus pej thuam no piv txwv li yuav ua li cas thiaj tsis ua kom cov neeg caij nees caij nees.

Nyob rau hauv Tsar-Liberator Alexander II, Peter the Great tau "nthuav tawm" rau pej xeem raws li kev hloov pauv thiab yuav luag muaj kev ywj pheej, thiab tib lub sijhawm dai kom zoo nkauj nrog paj paj la Lavxias tricolor. Alexander III thiab nws tus tub tsis muaj hmoo tau nias rau ntawm "haiv neeg" ntawm Pyotr Alekseevich, npaj kev sib tw skating thiab kev ua koob tsheej ntawm Senate Square. Cov Slavophiles nyiam cov mis ntau heev: "Tus thawj coj zoo ntawm cov neeg zoo."

Tom qab Lub Kaum Hli 17th, tsis muaj leej twg, tau hais tawm nws hauv kev sib raug zoo nrog Peter. Tab sis nyob rau hauv Stalin, thaum "Peter Thawj" los ntawm Liab Suav Tolstoy pom lub teeb, nws yog qhov kev txhais no uas tau hais raws li yog los ntawm nws tus kheej.

Yog hais tias tus neeg siab phem Ivan qhov txaus ntshai tau nthuav tawm los ntawm kev txawj ntse ntawm Sergei Eisenstein thiab kev ua si ci ntsa iab ntawm Nikolai Cherkasov raws li hom kev sib ntaus tawm tsam tub ceev xwm kev ua phem, tom qab ntawd Vajtswv nws tus kheej tau txiav txim siab Peter the Great kom hloov mus ua "neeg tsar". Thiab tsis muaj leej twg tom qab "tus thawj coj ntawm cov neeg" nws tus kheej tau hnov qab cov mis no. Tseem …

Cov duab puab yog me ntsis zoo ib yam li cov nkoj. Ib qho txuj ci tseem ceeb, raws li tus neeg sib tw tsim nyog, tau lees paub los ntawm nws cov duab. Tab sis cov thawj coj tau kawm phau ntawv teev npe nrog cov kab ntawm cov yeeb ncuab cruisers thiab cov neeg rhuav tshem tau ntau xyoo, thiab Bronze Horseman tseem nyob hauv kev nco tam sim thiab tas mus li. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv cov duab puab, ib yam li cov duab silhouette, tus cwj pwm kuj tseem ceeb.

"Nws tsa Russia ntawm nws ob txhais ceg" - qhov no twb tau hais txhua yam hais txog lub monument tag nrho. Tab sis dab tsi txog txhais tes nthuav tawm hla nthwv dej ntawm Neva? "Tau Txais Txoj Cai Zoo", "Leej Txiv Tes". Ntev npaum li cas thiab nyuaj npaum li cas rau Pushkin kom khaws cov lus piav qhia - "Tsa nws txhais tes saum ntuj", "Tus loj heev nrog txhais tes nthuav tawm", "Thundering nrog tes tsis txav"! Hauv kev piav tes piav taw - ua kom pom tseeb ntawm lub zog, lub siab, yuav. Tab sis tsis tsuas yog - txhais tes ntawm Peter - raws li cov duab vector tshiab rau Russia tshiab.

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"Qhov rai mus rau Tebchaws Europe" - zoo li tau hais, lub sijhawm. Mus rau Sab Hnub Poob - mus rau Tebchaws Europe. Yuav tsis yog nyob ib puag ncig, nyob ua ke. Ua ib feem tsim nyog ntawm nws. Thiab tsis tas yuav mus nrhiav ib qho kev ua tsis tau zoo ntawm no.

Lev Gumilyov yog qhov raug kiag li - peb yog Eurasia, tsis yog Azeopa. Azeopa "zoo nkauj" hais los ntawm lwm tus kws sau keeb kwm, Pavel Milyukov. Nws hais ob puas xyoo tom qab Petus, zoo li nws tau poob txhua yam uas nws tau txais.

Nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob uas "ib ntus" nrog rau tus kws tshaj lij txawv tebchaws tau muaj qhov nyuaj nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm Tebchaws Europe, nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob tias "ib ntus" tau yooj yim los ntawm Bolsheviks. Urals tsis yog qhov dag ntawm thaj chaw, tab sis peb cov ciam teb nrog Europe.

"Eurasia tsis yog Azeopa," Peter nws tus kheej yuav hais ntev ua ntej Gumilev. Nws tsis tau hais - nws tau ua txhua yam kom ua tau li ntawd!

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