Xws li tus cwj pwm ntawm Ukrainian lub xeev raws li lub xeev cov lus thiab keeb kwm ntawm nws keeb kwm kuj tseem nyob hauv daim ntaub thaiv ntawm kev paub tsis meej, dab neeg thiab dab neeg. Hauv qhov no, cov lus nug tshwm sim vim li cas txhua qhov kev sim ua rau nws los ntawm kev quab yuam thiab ua nws tsev neeg rau txhua tus pej xeem ntawm Ukraine tau raug tsis lees paub los ntawm cov neeg feem coob tsis txaus ntseeg thiab dab tsi dag nyob hauv plawv ntawm qhov tsis lees paub.
Raws li cov lus dab neeg hais txog Ukrainian, qhov no yog cov lus qub qub hauv tebchaws Ukrainian, hais los ntawm tsis muaj tsawg dua li haiv neeg Ukrainian qub, nws tau muaj nyob hauv xyoo pua 13th, thiab pib tsim los ntawm xyoo pua 6. Qhov no tsuas yog pseudo-scientific kev dag ntawm pheej yig thiab txheej thaum ub cov dab neeg, tab sis tseem muaj ntau yam dab neeg zoo heev hais tias "lus Ukrainian yog ib yam ntawm cov lus thaum ub hauv ntiaj teb no … muaj txhua qhov laj thawj los ntseeg tias twb nyob ntawm qhov pib ntawm peb cov keeb kwm nws yog lus intertribal."
Qhov tsis tseem ceeb no tsis tau lees paub los ntawm ib qho kev sau keeb kwm thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Russia thaum ub. Cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm ntawm qhov uas cov lus xaus no tuaj yeem kos tau yooj yim tsis muaj.
Hauv X-XIII ib puas xyoo, Lavxias nruab nrab hais lus thiab sau ua ib hom lus Lavxias qub, uas muaj kev sib txawv hauv cheeb tsam thiab tau tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm cov lus hais hauv cheeb tsam nrog lub Koom Txoos Slavonic lus tshiab. Thiab koj tsis tas yuav yog tus kws tshaj lij kom pom cov lus Lavxias qub, uas tau sau cov ntawv keeb kwm thiab cov ntoo tawv ntoo, cov qauv ntawm kev sau ntawv niaj hnub no lus Lavxias. Tias yog vim li cas Ukromyph-tus tsim tsis lees paub lub neej ntawm ib tus qub lus Lavxias.
Qhov ntxim nyiam tshaj plaws yog lub hauv paus ntawm cov lus Lavxias feem ntau, uas tau pib tsim nyob ib puag ncig xyoo pua 17th, tau tso los ntawm Cov Neeg Lavxias Me Me, siv cov lus Lavxias sab hnub poob ib txwm thiab Kiev tsab ntawm lub Koom Txoos Slavonic ua khoom siv rau nws. Los ntawm lawv txoj kev mob siab rau, cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm Sab Hnub Poob Lavxias thiab kev hais lus lag luam tau ntws mus rau cov lus ntawm cov lus hais ntawm cov chav kawm siab dua, thiab dhau los ntawm nws mus rau cov lus ntawm kev tsis ntseeg, kev sau ntawv thiab lus Askiv. Nws yog lawv cov cuab yeej cuab tam muaj tswv yim uas Lomonosov thiab Pushkin tsim, tsim cov lus ntawm lub ntiaj teb nplai.
Kev lees paub ntawm keeb kwm tshwm sim ntawm Me Me Lavxias thiab Great Lavxias cov lus yog thawj "Slavic" cov qauv sau ntawv, sau los ntawm Me Me Lavxias Melety Smotritsky rov qab rau xyoo 1618 thiab ua phau ntawv nyeem hauv txhua lub tsev kawm ntawv los ntawm Kiev mus rau Moscow thiab St. Petersburg txog thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 18!
Cov lus Lavxias me me los qhov twg los? Qhov no yog lus Lavxias qub, ua kom ntau nrog cov lus Polish qiv los ntawm kev sib txuas lus niaj hnub ntawm cov neeg qhev Lavxias ntawm Tebchaws nrog lawv tus tswv thiab leej twg tau txais cov lus thiab kab lus los ntawm cov lus ntawm Polish gentry rau ntau pua xyoo. Nov yog cov lus ntawm lub zos, nws zoo nkauj thiab ntxim nyiam, tab sis tseem dhau los ua cov lus ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab tshawb fawb. Nrog rau lub sijhawm dhau los, nws tau los ze dua cov lus Polish hauv nws cov lus, thiab tsuas yog rov qab los ntawm Me Russia mus rau lub hauv siab ntawm Lavxias lub xeev cuam tshuam cov txheej txheem no.
Tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv sau cia uas zoo ib yam li cov lus Ukrainian niaj hnub no. Cia peb coj cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Khmelnytsky ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th, cov ntaub ntawv ntawm Rusyns ntawm Galicia ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, hauv lawv cov lus Lavxias qub yog yooj yim kwv yees, yooj yim nkag siab los ntawm cov neeg niaj hnub no. Tsuas yog nyob rau xyoo pua puv 19 puas tau Kotlyarevsky thiab lwm yam Ukrainianophiles sim sau hauv Cov Lus Me Me Lavxias siv cov qauv lus Lavxias.
Taras Shevchenko kuj tau sau ib feem ntawm nws cov haujlwm hauv cov lus no, ua rau lawv npau taws heev ntawm tus qub tub qhe ntawm nws tus tswv. Tsis yog nws thiab Kotlyarevsky tau hnov dua txog "Ukrainian MOV", thiab yog tias lawv pom txog nws, lawv feem ntau yuav tig mus rau hauv lawv cov ntxa hauv kev ntxhov siab. Thiab cov ntawv sau tau sau los ntawm Kobzar ua lus Lavxias, hu rau nws Motherland Me Russia.
Shevchenko tus phooj ywg, Ukrainianophile Kulish, tau sim tig lub Lavxias lus me me rau hauv kev coj noj coj ua, tsim cov ntawv sau ua suab, hu ua kulishovka, thiab sim txhais phau Vajlugkub rau hauv. Tab sis tsis muaj qhov no tshwm sim, txij li cov lus siv tau tshwj xeeb los ntawm cov neeg ua teb thiab suav nrog tsuas yog cov lus tsim nyog hauv lub neej nyob deb nroog.
Cov lus Ukrainian sau ntawv ntawm xyoo pua puv 19 tuaj qhov twg tuaj, thiab vim li cas nws thiaj li muaj qhov tsis sib xws nrog kev hloov pauv ntawm cov lus Lavxias qub? Austrian-Polish cov tub ceev xwm ntawm Galicia, txhawm rau tsim "tebchaws Ukraine", txiav txim siab los tsim cov lus sib txawv ntawm Lavxias rau Rusyns ntawm Galicia, Bukovina thiab Transcarpathia thiab qhia nws hauv kev kawm txuj ci thiab chaw ua haujlwm. Yav dhau los, cov kauj ruam no tau ua tiav lawm, thiab xyoo 1859 lawv tau sim ua rau Rusyns cov lus raws li cov ntawv Latin, tab sis kev tawm tsam loj ntawm Rusyns yuam kom lawv tso tseg txoj haujlwm no.
Nrog lub hom phiaj ntawm kev ua kom muaj qhov sib txawv ntau tshaj plaws, kev tsim cov lus "Ukrainian" tsis yog nyob ntawm Poltava-Cherkasy cov lus ntawm Me Me Lavxias lus, tab sis nyob rau hauv polonized Galician, tsis meej pem hauv nruab nrab thiab sab hnub tuaj. Central thiab Eastern Ukrainian dialects tau txiav txim siab qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev yuam Russification thiab yog li ntawd tsis tsim nyog raws li lub hauv paus ntawm cov lus Ukrainian sau ntawv.
Cov lus tshiab tau qhia ua lub hauv paus ntawm kev sau ua suab - ob qho kuv hnov thiab sau, siv Cyrillic cov tsiaj ntawv raws "kulishovka". Tab sis Russophobic Ukrainians tsis tau nres ntawm phonetics ib leeg. Los ntawm cov tsiaj ntawv Lavxias, lawv tau muab cov tsiaj ntawv xws li "y", "e", "ъ" thiab tib lub sijhawm qhia cov ntawv tshiab: "є", "ї" thiab cov cim cim. Txhawm rau kom paub qhov txawv ntawm Ukrainian Xov Xwm ntau dua los ntawm Lavxias, cov lus ib tus, txawm tias me ntsis nco txog Lavxias, tau txhob txwm tshaj tawm thiab hloov los ntawm Polish thiab German sawv daws yuav, lossis cov tshiab tau tsim.
Yog li, tsis txhob siv lo lus nrov "tuav", "trimats" tau qhia, tsis txhob "tos" - "chekaty", tsis txhob "muab" - "proponuvali".
Hauv kev lees paub, koj tuaj yeem saib cov lus "Ukrainian" ntawm Polish keeb kwm.
ale - ale - mas
amateur -amator -amateur
v'yazien - więzien - neeg raug kaw
dziob - dziob - beak
ledwie - tsawg kawg
lement - lament - quaj
parasolka - parasolka - kaus
cegla - cegla - cib
Zvintar - cwentarz - toj ntxas
gentry - szlachetny - zoo
Raws li lub hauv paus ntawm "lus Ukrainian", cov txiv tsim tau siv cov neeg hais lus tsis sib xws, hloov pauv tsuas yog piav qhia txog lub neej neeg pluag, yog li ntawd, cov lus Ukrainian zoo li zoo li tsis raug cai Lavxias nrog "cov lus pej xeem" nyob ze ntawm kev ncaj ncees.
Xyoo 1892, Shevchenko Kev Koom Tes tau xa ib qhov haujlwm los qhia ua lub suab lus hauv cov ntawv xov xwm luam tawm thiab cov tsev kawm ntawv, thiab xyoo 1893 Austro-Hungarian Parliament tau pom zoo qhov kev sau ntawv ntawm "lus Ukrainian" rau nws cov xeev nyob los ntawm Rusyns.
Qhov no yog li cas, raws li txoj cai lij choj ntawm Austro-Hungarian cov rooj sib tham, thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19, tau tsim cov lus Ukrainian uas tsis muaj tswv yim tau yug los, uas tsis yog neeg ib txwm nyob rau cov neeg Lavxias me me, thiab nws pom meej vim li cas nws thiaj tsis muaj cag nyob rau hauv niaj hnub Ukraine.
Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Ukrainianophile Nechuy-Levytsky, tshuaj xyuas cov lus tsim tawm, tau raug yuam kom los xaus qhov uas nws zoo li yog cov tsiaj ntawv ntawm cov lus hauv tebchaws, thiab qhov no yog qee yam ntawm "daim iav tsis zoo" ntawm lus Ukrainian. Qhov ntau ntawm "i" thiab "ї" hauv cov ntawv Ukrainian, hauv nws lub tswv yim, nthuav tawm hauv kev nyeem cov koom haum koom nrog iav npog nrog yoov. Qhov no tsis yog lus Ukrainian, tab sis "dab ntxwg nyoog nyob rau hauv qhov xav tias Ukrainian ntses."Tab sis txawm hais tias txhua yam, sau "hauv Ukrainian" txij thaum ntawd txhais tau tias tsis yog tsuas yog muaj tswv yim, tab sis ua tiav lub hom phiaj hauv tebchaws.
Thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th, Austro-Polish philologists tau pib xa cov khoom tsim tawm ukromova mus rau Russia me me, npaj cov ntawv tshaj tawm ntawm lub sijhawm ntawm nws hauv cov nroog loj thiab tshaj tawm phau ntawv. Tab sis cov neeg Galician "Mova" tau pom tias yog neeg phem, vim kev coj noj coj ua ntawm cov neeg uas nkag siab nws yooj yim tsis muaj. Cov neeg nyob hauv ib cheeb tsam tsis tuaj yeem nyeem phau ntawv luam tawm ntawm nws thiab xovxwm, thiab txhua qhov no tau xaus rau qhov tsis ua tiav, kev tshaj tawm tom qab ntau qhov teeb meem raug xaj kom ua neej nyob ntev.
Thaum lub sijhawm UPR, kev sim ua kom paub Ukromov kuj ua rau kev sib tsoo ntawm qhov kev nqis peev no. Cov pej xeem cov ntsiab lus-tsis xav hais lus hom lus dag thiab tawm tsam kev nruj kev tsiv hauv tebchaws Ukraine ntawm thaj av sab qab teb hnub poob.
Thiab tsuas yog nrog lub zog ntawm Bolsheviks, Ukromova tsim hauv Galicia tau cog rau hauv txhua qhov ntawm pej xeem lub neej thaum lub sij hawm nyuaj Soviet Ukrainian kev ua haujlwm los ntawm "hlau" Lazar Kaganovich. Nws tsis vam khom rau tib neeg, tab sis ntawm tog-xeev cov cuab yeej thiab 50,000 tus tub rog muaj zog ntawm cov kws qhia tau caw los ntawm Galicia. Hauv qhov no, lub taub hau ntawm Ukrainian SSR Chubar tau hais tias: "Peb yuav tsum coj cov lus Ukrainian los ze zog rau kev nkag siab ntawm cov neeg coob ntawm cov neeg Ukrainian."
Kaganovich tau nqis los ua lag luam nrog nws tus yam ntxwv kev txiav txim siab. Txhua tus neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov tuam txhab thiab cov tsev haujlwm, txawm tias tus neeg tu thiab tu tsev, raug xaj kom hloov mus rau Ukrainian. Kev hais lus tsis sib haum tau ua rau muaj kev ua phem ntawm cov pejxeem rau cov lus "Ukrainian", muaj ntau cov lus tsis txaus ntseeg uas tau thuam ntawm "lus Ukrainian" lus.
Xovxwm, tshaj tawm, xov tooj cua, xinesmas thiab ua yeeb yam tau "Ukrainianized" los ntawm kev tswj hwm. Nws tau txwv tsis pub luam tawm txawm tias cov cim thiab tshaj tawm ua lus Lavxias. Txoj kev kawm lus Lavxias tau zoo ib yam nrog kev kawm ntawm hom lus txawv teb chaws. Rau qhov tsis paub txog "nyeem lus" leej twg tuaj yeem poob lawv txoj haujlwm, mus txog tus poj niam tu.
Txog thaum xyoo 1930s, cov txiaj ntsig tau zoo kawg li. Tshaj 80% ntawm cov tsev kawm ntawv thiab 30% ntawm cov tsev kawm qhia hauv Ukromovo. Ntawm nws haiv neeg 90% ntawm ntawv xov xwm thiab 85% ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm tau luam tawm. Lub Stavropol Territory thiab Krasnodar Territory tau Ukrainianized. Txhua yam no tsis ua tiav thiab nco txog lub sijhawm niaj hnub no ntawm kev ua tib zoo yuam kom txhua tus tsis yog hais lus nkaus xwb, tabsis tseem xav hauv Ukromov.
Cov neeg tsis xav kom raug txim thiab tsis hais lus Ukrainian. Tag nrho cov txheej txheem, ntsib cov neeg tsis kam tiv thaiv, maj mam ploj mus, thiab theem Soviet nyob rau hauv kev nce qib ntawm Ukromova kuj tau xaus hauv kev swb. Lawv tsis hlub nws thiab tsis lees paub nws raws li ib txwm neeg, tab sis lawv raug yuam kom qhia.
Raws li qhov tshwm sim, peb tuaj yeem hais tias txawm tias raws li kev tshawb fawb Asmeskas, 83% ntawm cov neeg hauv tebchaws Ukraine suav tias Lavxias yog lawv hom lus. Txawm hais tias daim ntawv-xeev xwm txheej ntawm Ukromovs, nws yeej tsis yog haiv neeg rau nws, ib yam li Esperanto. Tau dhau los ua lub xeev, nws yog hnub no cov lus ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm, cov nom tswv, ib feem ntawm cov neeg txawj ntse uas xav tsis thoob nrog "haiv neeg Ukrainian zoo" thiab lub zos Ukrainian. Rau feem coob ntawm cov pejxeem ntawm Ukraine, "zoo thiab muaj zog" yog thiab tseem yog haiv neeg. Yog li qhov tsis xav tau rau Lavxias kev coj noj coj ua, uas tsis tuaj yeem tawg los ntawm ib qho kev hais tawm ntawm lub xeev Ukrainian.
