Thawj ob qhov kev sim kom dim Kharkov (Lub Ib Hlis 1942 thiab Tsib Hlis 1942) tau xaus qhov tsis ua tiav thiab hauv "Barvenkovo cauldron". Tom qab swb los ntawm cov neeg German ntawm Stalingrad, cov tub rog German tau rov qab mus rau sab hnub poob yam tsis muaj kev tawm tsam hnyav. Hauv kev zoo siab ntawm kev yeej, Soviet thawj coj tau txiav txim siab tias cov tub rog German tau raug kev puas tsuaj thiab lawv tsis ua rau muaj kev phom sij loj ntxiv lawm. Lub hauv paus chaw haujlwm tau txiav txim siab tias cov tub rog Soviet tuaj yeem ua haujlwm hnyav ua haujlwm hnyav ntawm cov phiaj xwm kev txiav txim siab thiab txiav txim siab zaum thib peb los ua qhov kev xav xav kov yeej cov yeeb ncuab hauv cheeb tsam Kharkov thiab mus txog Dnieper, ncig thiab tshem tawm cov pab pawg German sab qab teb, thawb lawv mus rau Azov thiab Dub Seas.
Cov phiaj xwm thiab lub xeev cov rog ntawm ob tog uas tawm tsam
Qhov tseeb, kev kwv yees ntawm Soviet cov lus txib tau nyob deb ntawm qhov tseeb, cov tub rog German tseem tsis tau poob lawv lub hwj chim, German cov lus txib tau tswj hwm qhov xwm txheej thiab tab tom txiav txim siab xaiv los txwv kev tawm tsam ntawm cov tub rog Soviet thiab xa tawm tsam kev tawm tsam lawv.
Tus thawj coj ntawm Pab Pawg Pab Pawg Don (tom qab Sab Qab Teb) Manstein pom qhov txaus ntshai tseem ceeb hauv kev muaj peev xwm txiav tawm cov pab pawg sab qab teb ntawm Dnieper mus rau Hiav Txwv Azov thiab ntseeg tias nws tsim nyog los txhawb Kharkov pawg thiab thim rov qab pab pawg sab qab teb mus rau txoj kab tshiab tiv thaiv raws tus dej Mius.
Stalin pom zoo thaum Lub Ib Hlis 23 txoj kev npaj los ntawm Tus Thawj Saib Xyuas Haujlwm rau kev ua haujlwm "Hnub qub" thiab "Hla". Kev Ua Haujlwm Zvezda tau ua los ntawm cov rog ntawm sab laug ntawm Voronezh Pem Hauv Ntej raws li cov lus txib ntawm Golikov hauv kev koom tes nrog rau 6th Army ntawm Sab Hnub Poob Sab Hnub Poob raws li cov lus txib ntawm Vatutin thiab xav txog kev tawm tsam loj heev hauv kev coj ntawm Kharkov thiab ntxiv Zaporozhye txhawm rau kom dim ntawm Kharkov cheeb tsam kev lag luam thiab tsim lub sijhawm zoo rau kev ua phem rau Donbass.
Kev Ua Haujlwm "Dhia" tau ua los ntawm cov rog ntawm Sab Qab Teb Hnub Poob thiab muab rau kev ncig thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov tub rog German nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm Seversky Donets thiab Dnieper, kev tso tawm ntawm Donbass, nkag mus rau Dnieper hauv Zaporozhye cheeb tsam thiab tshem tawm ntawm pawg German sab qab teb.
Lub tshuab tseem ceeb tau xa los ntawm pab tub rog ntawm Voronezh Pem Hauv Ntej nrog rau cov tub rog ntawm 38, 60, thiab 40th thiab 18 pawg sib cais phom loj. Ntawm sab laug sab, 6th Army ntawm Sab Qab Teb Sab Hnub Poob tau cuam tshuam nrog lawv, txhawb nqa los ntawm Rybalko's 3rd Tank Army, 6th Cavalry Corps, peb kev sib faib phom thiab lwm yam kev tsim thiab chav nyob los ntawm Supreme Command qhov tshwj tseg. Lub hom phiaj dav dav ntawm kev ua haujlwm yog kev ntes Kursk, Belgorod, kev ua tiav ntawm lub tank thiab cov tub rog caij nkoj mus rau tom qab ntawm Kharkov cov yeeb ncuab pab pawg thiab nws ncig. Nws tau npaj ua ntej Voronezh Pem Hauv Ntej los ntawm 150 km, ua raws los ntawm kev tawm tsam ntawm Poltava.
Cov tub rog ntawm Voronezh Pem Hauv Ntej tau tawm tsam los ntawm German 2nd Army (7 pawg tub rog sib tua tawm tsam Soviet 38th thiab 60th pab tub rog) thiab pab pawg Lanz pab tub rog. Cov tub rog Soviet tau nce mus rau Kharkov suav txog 200 txhiab tus neeg, lawv tau tawm tsam los ntawm pab pawg German pab tub rog "Lanz" txog li 40 txhiab tus tib neeg, uas ua tiav qhov tseem ceeb tshaj ntawm cov yeeb ncuab, tshwj xeeb yog yuav luag peb npaug hauv cov tso tsheb hlau luam.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Soviet cov lus txib tsis tau muab qhov tseem ceeb rau cov ntaub ntawv uas 40th, 48th thiab 57th German cov tub rog lub cev tsis tau swb thiab tias lub nkoj SS tshiab lub cev nyob rau hauv cov lus txib ntawm Obergruppenführer Hausser, suav nrog cov neeg tseem ceeb tank sib cais " Leibstandarte Adolf Hitler "," Tuag Lub Taub Hau "thiab" Reich ".
Pib ntawm Kev Ua Haujlwm Hnub Qub thiab Leap
Thawj zaug pib thaum Lub Ib Hlis 29, 1943 yog Kev Ua Haujlwm Dhia, nrog rau kev ua phem los ntawm 6th Army tawm tsam sab xis ntawm Pab Pawg Pab Pawg Lanz hauv cheeb tsam Kupyansk. Txog Lub Ob Hlis 6, Dej Oskol raug yuam thiab cov tub rog mus txog sab xis ntawm Seversky Donets River, Kupyansk, Izyum thiab Balakleya raug coj mus, thiab 6th Army nce mus txog 127 kilometers.
Kev Ua Haujlwm Zvezda tau pib rau Lub Ob Hlis 2 nrog kev tawm tsam los ntawm pab tub rog ntawm Voronezh Pem Hauv Ntej, Pab Pawg Panzer thib 3 (2 lub nkoj tub rog, 5 lub phom sib faib, 2 lub tub rog tub rog, 2 pawg tub rog sib tua) tau tawm tsam Kharkov los ntawm sab hnub tuaj, 69th Army (4 phom) kev faib ua feem) thiab 40 pab tub rog (1 lub tub rog tub rog, 6 phom sib faib, 3 lub tub rog tub rog) tau nce mus txog Belgorod. Mus rau sab qaum teb, pab tub rog 38th tau nce mus rau Oboyan, thiab 60th Army tau nce mus rau Kursk.
Cov tub rog ntawm 40 thiab 60th pab tub rog los ntawm Lub Ob Hlis 9 coj Kursk thiab Belgorod thiab khiav los ntawm sab qaum teb mus rau Kharkov, los ntawm sab hnub tuaj mus txog Volchansk mus rau lub nroog 69th pab tub rog tsoo, los ntawm sab qab teb, Rybalko's thib 3 tank pab tub rog tau txav mus rau Kharkov hauv kev cuam tshuam nrog 6th Cavalry Corps. Txawm li cas los xij, ua ntej ntawm Pawg Tub Rog thib 3 rau Kharkov tau nres rau Lub Ob Hlis 5, 45 km sab hnub tuaj ntawm Kharkov, los ntawm SS Panzer-Grenadier Division "Reich".
Cov tub rog ntawm Voronezh thiab Sab Hnub Poob Sab Qab Teb tau raug xaj, tsis suav nrog kev txhawb nqa logistical, txhawm rau txhawm rau hla kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm kev tawm tsam tus yeeb ncuab thiab mus txog Dnieper ua ntej pib lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav. Kev ua tiav ntawm qhov kev txiav txim feem ntau coj mus rau qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo. Yog li ntawd, nyob ze ntawm lub zos Malinovka ntawm ntug dej sab hnub tuaj ntawm Seversky Donets, ib pab tub rog tau raug pov rau hauv kev sib ntaus yam tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa ntawm lub tso tsheb hlau luam thiab rab phom loj. Cov neeg German tau nias nws mus rau hauv av nrog rab phom loj thiab tsis muab txoj hauv kev rau pem hauv ntej thiab thim rov qab. Hauv lub caij txias ntawm qib 20, ntau dua ib txhiab tus tub rog yooj yim khov hauv lub qhov taub nrog riam phom hauv lawv txhais tes thiab tsis tuaj yeem cawm tau. Tom qab kev txhawb nqa ntawm lub tso tsheb hlau luam, Severskiy Donets tseem raug yuam thiab thaum Lub Ob Hlis 10 lawv tau ntes Chuguev.
Liberation ntawm Kharkov
Cov tub rog Soviet txuas ntxiv txhim kho kev tawm tsam, hla Kharkov los ntawm sab qaum teb thiab sab qab teb. Feem ntau, 40th Army tau ua haujlwm los puag ncig Kharkov, nce qib los ntawm sab qaum teb thiab tib lub sijhawm hla nws los ntawm sab qaum teb-sab hnub poob thiab sab hnub poob. Tau hnov qhov tsis muaj zog hauv German tiv thaiv, nws tau tawg los ntawm sab qab teb, thiab 6th Cavalry Corps, uas tsis txwv los ntawm leej twg, tau nkag mus rau hauv kev kov yeej.
Lanz rov sau nws cov ntawv rau kev tiv thaiv ntawm Kharkov los ntawm sab hnub tuaj thiab sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj, xaj kom Reich faib cov koog tawm mus rau sab hnub poob ntawm Seversky Donets thiab tsim pab pawg txawb rau kev tawm tsam tiv thaiv 6th Cavalry Corps uas tau tawg los ntawm kev hla dhau Kharkov.
Qhov kev hem thawj tiag tiag ntawm kev zwm rau dai ntawm Kharkov. Hitler tau tshaj tawm txwv tsis pub tso lub nroog thiab thaum Lub Ob Hlis 6 tus kheej tau ya mus rau Zaporozhye thiab thov kom Field Marshal Manstein ntxiv dag zog rau kev tiv thaiv Kharkov.
Manstein txheeb xyuas qhov xwm txheej hauv cov haujlwm no hauv ntej hauv txoj kev sib txawv kiag li. Nws lub hom phiaj ntseeg tias nws tsis tuaj yeem tuav Kharkov, nws yuav tsum thim cov tub rog nyob rau sab qab teb mus rau txoj kab tshiab ntawm kev tiv thaiv raws tus dej Mius, tso cai rau Soviet pab tub rog mus rau sab hnub poob thiab sab qab teb-sab hnub poob kom deb li sai tau, ntaus lawv hauv flank thiab rhuav tshem lawv. Nws tsis ntseeg Hitler tias nws yog qhov raug, thiab nws pom zoo "Manstein txoj kev npaj".
Mus rau sab qab teb thiab sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj ntawm Kharkov, cov tub rog ntawm Pab Pawg Panzer thib 3 tau txais txoj haujlwm ntawm kev ntes cov haujlwm pib rau kev ua phem rau hauv nroog. Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 11, kev tsim ntawm Pab Pawg Panzer thib 3 tau tawm tsam rau sab hnub tuaj mus rau hauv nroog, pawg tub rog thib 6 tau ua lub luag haujlwm los tsim kev thaiv rau sab hnub poob ntawm lub nroog, cuam tshuam txoj hauv kev los ntawm Kharkov mus rau sab hnub poob thiab sab qab teb hnub poob.
Kev nkag mus rau kev sib ntaus sib tua thaum Lub Ob Hlis 12 ntawm Kravchenko's 5th Panzer Corps tau nrawm dua qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm 40th Army, thiab twb txog Lub Ob Hlis 13 nws cov koog tau dim Dergachi thiab nkag mus rau sab nrauv ntawm Kharkov. General Kravchenko lub cev tawg mus rau qhov sib txawv loj thiab sai sai mus rau thaj tsam Olshany, sab qaum teb hnub poob ntawm Kharkov. Txog Lub Ob Hlis 14, cov neeg ua haujlwm tom ntej ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm tau mus txog thaj tsam Lyubotin thiab Bogodukhov, hla dhau Kharkov. Cov tub ceev xwm txuas ntxiv kev tawm tsam thiab thaum Lub Ob Hlis 23 tso Akhtyrka, qhov chaw nyob deb tshaj plaws nyob rau sab hnub poob.
Ob lub tebchaws Soviet tau txuas ntxiv lawv qhov kev tawm tsam ua tiav, txuas ntxiv mus ntxiv thiab txuas ntxiv mus rau hauv "hnab" npaj los ntawm Manstein. Kev txawj ntse ntawm Soviet tsis ua haujlwm thiab tsis qhia txog qhov phom sij txaus ntshai rau pab tub rog. Txog thaum ib nrab Lub Ob Hlis, German cov lus txib thaum kawg ntseeg tias lub tshuab tseem ceeb ntawm Soviet pab tub rog tau ua nyob rau hauv kev coj ua ntawm Zaporozhye los ntawm qhov sib txawv nruab nrab ntawm 1st Panzer Army nyob rau sab qab teb thiab pab pawg Lanz nyob rau sab qaum teb txhawm rau txeeb tau. hla ntawm Dnieper. Cov tub rog German tau ua tiav kev npaj rau kev siv "Manstein txoj phiaj xwm" thiab tau npaj los tawm tsam ntawm tus nplaim taws.
Lanz tau sim kov yeej 6th Cavalry Corps sab qab teb ntawm Kharkov, tab sis kev ua haujlwm ntawm Moskalenko's 40th Army tsis tso cai rau nws tshem tawm qhov kev hem thawj ntawm kev hla hla txoj cai ntawm pab tub rog. Thaum kev sib ntaus sib tua nyuaj tshaj plaws tau tshwm sim hauv txoj kev ntawm Kharkov, ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm Reich faib txuas ntxiv mus tawm tsam tiv thaiv 6th Cavalry Corps sab qab teb ntawm lub nroog. Kev ua ntej ntawm cov tub rog caij nkoj thaum kawg tau nres hauv thaj tsam Novaya Vodolaga, thiab thaum Lub Ob Hlis 13 cov tub rog caij nees tau tawm ntawm thaj chaw no.
Qhov xwm txheej hauv Kharkov thaum tav su thaum Lub Ob Hlis 14 tau dhau los ua qhov tseem ceeb rau cov neeg German, kev ncig ntawm lub nroog yuav luag tiav. Cov pab pawg ntawm Soviet tso tsheb hlau luam tsoo dhau txoj kab tiv thaiv los ntawm sab qaum teb, sab qaum teb-sab hnub poob thiab sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj thiab mus txog rau sab nrauv ntawm lub nroog. Cov khoom siv Kharkov - Poltava raug tua los ntawm Soviet rab phom loj. Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 15, cov tub rog ntawm Soviet Tub Rog Tub Rog thib 3, 40 thiab 69th Cov Tub Rog (tag nrho ntawm 8 lub tub rog tub rog, 13 kev sib faib phom) pib ua phem rau Kharkov los ntawm peb cov lus qhia. Cov tub rog Soviet tau tawm tsam los ntawm ob pawg neeg German SS - "Reich" thiab "Adolf Hitler". Hauv lub nplhaib ncig lub nroog, tsuas muaj ib txoj kev me me nyob rau sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj.
Hitler txuas ntxiv hais kom tuav Kharkov. Raws li kev hem thawj ntawm ib puag ncig, tus thawj coj ntawm SS Panzer Corps Hausser, uas tsis xav koom nrog hauv "Stalingrad" tshiab, tau xaj nws chav nyob tawm hauv lub nroog, txawm tias Hitler tau txwv tsis pub ua.
Nws yuav luag tsis tuaj yeem nres qhov kev tshem tawm uas tau pib. Txawm hais tias tau xaj kom tuav Kharkov "mus rau tus txiv neej kawg", Hausser's corps units tau thim tawm ntawm Kharkov, ua rau muaj kev nkag mus rau sab qab teb hnub poob. Cov tso tsheb hlau luam ua txoj hauv kev rau cov neeg tawg rog, cov phom loj, cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau thiab cov neeg caij nkoj tau npog cov flanks, kom ntseeg tau tias tshem tawm ntawm pab pawg mus rau thaj chaw Uda River. Txog hnub kawg ntawm Lub Ob Hlis 15, cov tub rog ntawm 40th Army tau tshem tawm sab qab teb-sab hnub poob, sab hnub poob thiab sab qaum teb-sab hnub poob ntawm lub nroog los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab. Los ntawm sab hnub tuaj thiab sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj, ib feem ntawm kev faib tub rog thib 3 Panzer tau nkag mus rau Kharkiv. Raws li kev nco txog ntawm Kharkovites uas tau dim txoj haujlwm, Soviet cov tub rog tau nkag mus rau hauv lub nroog nkees thiab nkees nkees, tsis muaj cuab yeej siv tsawg, cov phom loj tau rub tsis yog los ntawm nees nkaus xwb, tabsis tseem yog nyuj.
Thaum tau txais tsab ntawv ceeb toom tias SS Panzer Corps tau ua txhaum nws cov lus txib, Hitler npau taws heev. Ob peb hnub tom qab, tus thawj coj ntawm pab pawg Kharkov, General Lanz, tau hloov los ntawm General Kempf ntawm cov tub rog rog, thiab pab pawg no tau txais lub npe "Army Group Kempf".
Manstein qhov kev tawm tsam
Hitler tuaj txog ntawm Manstein lub hauv paus chaw haujlwm hauv Zaporozhye thaum Lub Ob Hlis 18. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib tham ob hnub, nws tau txiav txim siab tso tseg kev sim rov qab los Kharkov. Hitler muab Manstein lub teeb ntsuab los ua ib qho kev ua haujlwm los puag ncig Soviet 6th Army thiab Popov lub tank pab pawg. Fuehrer tau tso cai rau kev tawm tswv yim tseem ceeb thiab tau pom zoo tso rau thaj tsam Donetsk sab hnub tuaj kom deb li Mius.
Pab pawg ua haujlwm "Hollidt" nrog kev sib ntaus sib tua thim rov qab los ntawm Seversky Donets mus rau qhov ncua ntev Miusskaya txoj haujlwm, qhov uas nws yuav tsum tau muab rau pem hauv ntej tsis tu ncua. Kev tsim ntawm 1st Panzer Army nyob rau hauv cov lus txib ntawm General Mackensen tau pauv mus rau Seversky Donets txhawm rau ntxiv dag zog rau sab qaum teb tis ntawm pab tub rog. Los ntawm Qaum Don, Gotha's 4th Panzer Army tau xa mus rau sab qaum teb sab hnub poob ntawm Army Group Don mus rau thaj tsam ntawm Seversky Donets thiab khoov ntawm Dnieper. Manstein tab tom npaj pab pawg tub rog rau kev tawm tsam txhawm rau tshem tawm kev tawm ntawm Soviet pab tub rog mus rau Dniep er hauv thaj tsam Kremenchug, uas qhib txoj hauv kev rau lawv mus rau Crimea nws tus kheej.
Stalin thiab cov lus hais hauv Soviet siab tau ntseeg tias Manstein cov tub rog tau thim rov qab tag nrho thiab tshem tawm ntawm Hollidt cov neeg ua haujlwm los ntawm Seversky Donets tau suav tias yog pov thawj ncaj qha ntawm qhov no thiab tsis muaj dab tsi tuaj yeem tiv thaiv German kev puas tsuaj ntawm Seversky Donets thiab Dnieper. Ntxiv mus, txhua cov ntaub ntawv kev txawj ntse tau qhia tias cov yeeb ncuab tau khiav tawm ntawm thaj chaw Seversky Donets thiab thim cov tub rog hla Dnieper.
Manstein pom los ntawm Stalin txoj kev npaj nrog nws txoj haujlwm pheej hmoo los txiav tawm cov pab pawg sab qab teb ntawm Wehrmacht thiab txiav txim siab ua si nrog nws, tsim kev dag ntxias ntawm kev tawm tsam loj thiab mob siab rau pab tub rog rau kev tawm tsam.
Lub caij no, cov chav tshwj xeeb ntawm Popov lub tank pab pawg, vim yog kev tua nyob rau hauv Krasnoarmeyskoye, txiav Dnipropetrovsk-Stalino txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau thiab xaus li rau caum kilometers los ntawm Zaporozhye, hem lub plawv kev lag luam ntawm Donetsk phiab.
Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 19, Manstein tau xaj 4th Panzer Army los tua kev tawm tsam kom rhuav tshem 6th Soviet Army, uas tau nce mus txog Pavlograd mus rau Dnepropetrovsk, thiab rau pab pawg Kampf txhawm rau thaiv txoj kev ntawm Soviet ua ntej mus rau Dnieper los ntawm sab qaum teb mus txog Krasnograd thiab Kremenchug. Thaum kaj ntug ntawm Lub Ob Hlis 20, chav nyob ntawm 1st SS Panzer Corps thiab 48th Panzer Corps hla mus rau kev tawm tsam cov tub rog ntawm Sab Qab Teb Hnub Poob Sab Hnub Poob, thiab SS Reich Division tau sib sib zog nqus mus rau hauv flank ntawm 6th Soviet Army.
Nrog kev txhawb nqa ntawm kev ya dav hlau, cov tub rog lub cev tau nce mus sai thiab thaum Lub Ob Hlis 23, chav nyob ntawm 1st SS Panzer Corps thiab 48th Panzer Corps koom ua ke hauv Pavlograd thiab ntseeg tau puag ncig ob lub tank Soviet thiab ib pab tub rog, uas tau mus rau Dnepropetrovsk thiab Zaporozhye.
General Popov, hmo ntuj Lub Ob Hlis 20-21, thov Vatutin qhov kev rau txim rau kev tshem tawm ntawm nws pab pawg tank, tab sis tsis tau txais kev pom zoo, thiab tam sim no tsis muaj txoj hauv kev los cawm cov tub rog uas nyob ib puag ncig. Nws tsuas yog thaum Lub Ob Hlis 24 uas Vatutin thaum kawg paub qhov kev nkag siab tag nrho thiab nkag siab Manstein txoj phiaj xwm, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua rau Soviet pab tub rog ntawm ob lub ntsej muag kom koom nrog hauv kev sib ntaus, tawm mus yam tsis muaj kev txwv, thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd pib tawm tsam. Tam sim no Vatutin tau hais kom pab pawg tub rog ncua kev ua phem thiab mus rau qhov tiv thaiv. Tab sis nws lig dhau lawm, Popov lub tank pab pawg tau swb tag, thiab pab tub rog thib 6 tau nyob rau qhov xwm txheej tsis txaus ntseeg, nws qhov loj tau raug txiav tawm thiab nyob ib puag ncig. Popov pab pawg tau sim hla mus rau sab qaum teb, tab sis lawv tsuas muaj ob peb lub tank uas tsis muaj roj thiab mos txwv, kuj tseem tsis muaj rab phom loj, thiab cov neeg German tau tso tseg qhov kev sim no.
Txhawm rau txo qis txoj haujlwm ntawm nws cov tub rog, Vatutin tau nug Lub Hauv Paus kom ua kom muaj kev ua phem ntau ntxiv nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm pem hauv ntej ntawm Mius. Tab sis cov haujlwm no tseem ua tiav qhov ua tsis tiav, ib feem ntawm cov kws kho mob thib plaub uas tsoo los ntawm txoj haujlwm German ntawm Matveyev Kurgan tau nyob ib puag ncig thiab yuav luag puas lossis raug puas tsuaj, thiab ib feem ntawm pawg tub rog thib 8, uas tsoo hla kab hauv ntej, ntawm Debaltsev kuj tseem nyob ib puag ncig, swb thiab raug kaw.
Cov chav nyob qib siab ntawm cov tub rog German, tshem tawm cov chaw kawg ntawm kev tawm tsam hauv cheeb tsam Krasnoarmeyskoye, thaum Lub Ob Hlis 23 nrog rau pem hauv ntej dav, ntws ncig Barvenkovo, txav mus rau sab qaum teb thiab sab hnub poob thiab ua raws cov tebchaws Soviet rov qab los. Qhov kev pib ua thaum kawg dhau mus rau cov neeg German thiab cov tub rog Soviet tsis muaj lub sijhawm los tsim txoj kab tshiab ntawm kev tiv thaiv. Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 25, Reich thiab Totenkopf kev sib cais nyob hauv Lozovaya thaum muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav.
Nrog kev nrawm nrawm, Hoth's Panzer Corps tau caum cov tub rog Soviet rov qab, puag ncig thiab rhuav tshem ua ntej lawv mus txog Seversky Donets. Raws li qhov kev kov yeej ntawm Soviet pem hauv ntej, German cov lus txib tau muaj txoj hauv kev rov txeeb tau txoj kab raws Seversky Donets thiab mus rau tom qab ntawm Soviet pab pawg hauv cheeb tsam Kharkov.
Thaum yav tsaus ntuj ntawm Lub Ob Hlis 28, 40th Panzer Corps twb tau nyob rau pem hauv ntej dav hauv Seversky Donets cheeb tsam sab qab teb ntawm Izyum, hauv txoj haujlwm uas nws tau tso tseg thaum Lub Ib Hlis thaum lub caij ntuj no tawm tsam Soviet pab tub rog. Popov's Panzer Group, lub hauv paus muaj zog rau pem hauv ntej tsim, yooj yim tsis muaj nyob. Nws tawm ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Krasnoarmeisky thiab Izium 251 tso tsheb hlau luam, 125 phom tiv thaiv lub tank, 73 phom hnyav thiab ntau txhiab leej raug tua.
Peb qhov kev sib cais ntawm SS Panzer Corps tau rov ua dua tshiab thaum Lub Ob Hlis 28 kom txiav txim siab tawm tsam Rybalko's 3 TA. Nrog kev sib cav, lawv tau zuam cov pab pawg Soviet nyob hauv Kegichevka - Krasnograd - Berestovaya peb tog dej. 6th Cavalry Corps, 12th thiab 15th Panzer Corps, 111th, 184th, thiab 219th Infantry Division, suav txog 100 txhiab tus neeg, tau nyob ib puag ncig. Twb tau nyob ib puag ncig, lawv tau txais kev xaj kom thim thiab thaum kaj ntug thaum Lub Peb Hlis 3, lawv tau mus rau qhov kev kov yeej rau sab qaum teb raws li Taranovka. Tau raug kev txom nyem hnyav rau cov txiv neej thiab cov cuab yeej siv, ib feem ntawm cov tub rog tau dim los ntawm kev ncig, qhov seem tau lees paub thaum Lub Peb Hlis 5. Tom qab tawm ntawm qhov ncig, lawv raug xa mus rau tom qab kom rov tsim dua, vim tias lawv tau raug kev txom nyem hnyav. Tom qab yeej ntawm Panzer Army thib 3, cov neeg German tau qhib lawv txoj kev mus rau Kharkov.
Txog Lub Peb Hlis 3, cov tub rog ntawm Sab Qab Teb Hnub Poob tau ua tiav kev tshem tawm mus rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm ntug dej Seversky Donets, tsim lub hauv paus ruaj khov ntawm txoj kab Balakleya - Krasny Liman thiab nres cov yeeb ncuab kev ua phem.
Rau peb lub lis piam ntawm kev sib ntaus, Soviet cov lus txib raug kev txom nyem txaus ntshai, 6th thiab 69th Soviet pab tub rog, 3rd Panzer Army thiab Popov's Panzer Group tau ua tiav yeej. Rau rau cov tub rog tiv thaiv, kaum phom sib faib thiab ib nrab kaum ob pawg sib cais tau raug tshem tawm lossis raug kev txom nyem hnyav. Nws yog qhov yeej zoo rau Manstein. Qhov kev hem thawj loj tshaj plaws rau German Sab Hnub Poob txij li thaum pib ntawm kev sib tw xyoo 1941 thiab kev hem thawj ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm pab pawg sab qab teb tau raug zam. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev swb ntawm cov neeg German hauv Stalingrad kuj tseem raug tshem tawm.
Kev xa khoom ntawm Kharkov
Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb tshaj plaws rau cov neeg German yog Kharkov, thiab lawv txiav txim siab los siv nws. Cov tub rog German tau pib ua phem rau Kharkov thaum Lub Peb Hlis 4 los ntawm sab qab teb. Hausser SS Panzer Corps (3 kev sib faib) thiab 48th Panzer Corps (2 Panzer thiab 1 Motorized Division) tau tawm tsam cov seem ntawm pab tub rog Panzer thib 3 thiab 40 thiab 69th Cov Tub Rog. Raws li kev tawm tsam ntawm cov neeg German, Soviet pab tub rog pib thaum Lub Peb Hlis 7 kom thim rov qab mus rau Kharkov. Tom qab swb ntawm pab pawg tawm tsam ntawm Pawg Tub Rog thib 3, Hausser SS Panzer Corps tau tsom mus hla lub nroog los ntawm sab hnub poob thiab thaum Lub Peb Hlis 8 mus txog rau sab hnub poob.
Thaum Lub Peb Hlis 9, Manstein tau xaj kom coj Kharkov. Kev faib Leibstandarte tau tawm tsam lub nroog los ntawm sab qaum teb thiab sab qaum teb sab hnub tuaj, Reich faib los ntawm sab hnub poob. Kev faib Totenkopf yog txhawm rau npog qhov kev tawm tsam tiv thaiv Soviet kev tawm tsam los ntawm sab qaum teb sab hnub poob thiab sab qaum teb. Txoj haujlwm tseem tau teeb tsa los txiav txoj kev Kharkov-Chuguev thiab tiv thaiv kev tuaj txog ntawm kev txhawb nqa.
Los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Hausser, Kharkov raug thaiv los ntawm sab hnub poob thiab sab qaum teb los ntawm kev sib cais "Leibstandarte" thiab "Reich", uas tau pib txav nrog kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav mus rau qhov chaw nres tsheb ciav hlau kom tshem tawm lub nroog kev tiv thaiv. Lawv txiav txim siab coj lub nroog tsis yog los ntawm kev tawm tsam pem hauv ntej, tab sis los ntawm kev txiav cov neeg tiv thaiv lub nroog los ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm sab qaum teb thiab sab hnub tuaj. Hauv Kharkov, thaum Lub Peb Hlis 14, peb faib phom ntev, 17 pawg tub rog NKVD thiab ob pawg tub rog sib cais tau nyob ib puag ncig.
Txij li thaum Lub Peb Hlis 12, txoj kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv txoj kev pib hauv nroog, uas tau kav plaub hnub. Cov tub rog Soviet tau tawm tsam tawv ncauj, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ntawm kev sib tshuam, ntsib German cov tub rog tiv thaiv nrog phom tiv thaiv lub tank. Snipers raug rho tawm ntawm lub ru tsev, ua rau muaj kev raug mob hnyav rau ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm. Txog hnub kawg ntawm lub Peb Hlis 13, ob feem peb ntawm lub nroog twb tau nyob hauv txhais tes ntawm cov tub rog German, feem ntau yog cov nyob sab qaum teb, thaum kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov tiv thaiv rau cov nroog tsis muaj zog.
Thaum Lub Peb Hlis 15, kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv nroog tseem tab tom tshwm sim, Leibstandarte Division tau ua ib qho kev cheb ntawm lub nroog feem ntau nyob hauv nws cheeb tsam sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj. Kev faib SS Totenkopf tau tsoo mus rau Chuguev thaum hmo ntuj ntawm Lub Peb Hlis 14 thiab, txawm hais tias muaj kev tawm tsam, tshem lub nroog thaum Lub Peb Hlis 15.
Vatutin xaj kom tawm hauv Kharkov thaum Lub Peb Hlis 15, los ntawm lub sijhawm no cov tub rog hauv nroog tau raug cais ua ob ntu sib cais. General Belov, uas yog tus saib xyuas kev tiv thaiv lub nroog, txiav txim siab hla mus rau sab qab teb sab hnub tuaj, nruab nrab ntawm Zmiyev thiab Chuguev. Kev kov yeej tau ua tiav txhua qhov ua tiav, tau khiav tawm ntawm lub nroog thiab tau hla 30 kis lus mev nrog kev sib ntaus, cov neeg tiv thaiv hla Seversky Donets thiab txog thaum Lub Peb Hlis 17 koom nrog cov tub rog pem hauv ntej.
General Hausser, uas tau tawm hauv lub nroog plaub lub lis piam dhau los txawm tias Hitler tau txiav txim zoo li cas, yeej qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua no rau Kharkov hauv rau rau hnub thiab ntes nws dua. Qhov no tau tso cai rau SS Panzer Corps tig mus rau sab qaum teb thiab pib tawm tsam rau Belgorod, uas tsis muaj leej twg los tiv thaiv thiab nws poob rau lub Peb Hlis 18. Cov koomhaum Soviet tsis tuaj yeem thim rov qab Belgorod nrog kev tawm tsam, thiab txij li Lub Peb Hlis 19 muaj kev ncua ntawm tag nrho pem hauv ntej vim lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav.
Raws li kev sib ntaus sib tua los ntawm 4 txog 25 Lub Peb Hlis, cov tub rog ntawm Voronezh Pem Hauv Ntej thim rov qab 100-150 km, uas coj mus rau kev tsim "Kursk salient", qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua loj heev tau tshwm sim thaum Lub Xya Hli 1943. Qhov kev sim zaum thib peb kom dim Kharkov kuj tau xaus kev tu siab, lub nroog tseem nyob hauv qab cov neeg German thiab kev swb ntawm pab tub rog Soviet tau pov thaiv lawv txoj kev yeej ntawm Stalingrad. Qhov kev yeej no tau rov qab los ntseeg ntawm Wehrmacht pab tub rog rau lawv tus kheej lub peev xwm, thiab tam sim no cov tub rog Soviet tau tos ntev tos qhov kev sib tw rau lub caij ntuj sov yuav los tom ntej no, qhia los ntawm kev paub dhau los ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua yav dhau los ntawm cov haujlwm no.
