Tom qab peb qhov kev sim ua tsis tiav los daws Kharkov, thaum Lub Ib Hlis thiab Tsib Hlis 1942 thiab Lub Ob Hlis 1943, tom qab kev swb ntawm cov neeg German ntawm Kursk Bulge thaum Lub Yim Hli 1943, Belgorod-Kharkov ua haujlwm ("Tus Thawj Coj Rumyantsev") tau ua tiav, uas coj mus rau kawg liberation ntawm Kharkov. Los ntawm Soviet sab, pab tub rog ntawm Voronezh Pem Hauv Ntej hais kom ua Vatutin thiab Steppe Front raws li kev hais kom ua ntawm Konev ua. Kev sib koom tes ntawm lub ntsej muag tau ua los ntawm Marshal Vasilevsky.
Qhov tseem ceeb tau txuas rau txoj haujlwm no. Cov tub rog pem hauv ntej muaj peb lub caj npab sib koom ua ke, ob lub tank thiab ib pab tub rog huab cua, ob pab tub rog nyob hauv lub hauv paus chaw khaws cia. Qhov siab ntawm cov cuab yeej thiab cov phom loj tau tsim nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm qhov chaw tau tsim los rau kev kov yeej, uas cov phom loj, rab phom tua tus kheej thiab tso tsheb hlau luam tau ntxiv rau ntawm no.
Ntawm German sab, cov tub rog thiab cov tub rog lub tank, nrog rau 14 tus tub rog thiab 4 lub tsheb sib cais, tuav kev tiv thaiv. Tom qab pib ua haujlwm, German tau hais kom hloov pauv tam sim los ntawm Bryansk pem hauv ntej thiab Mius mus rau thaj chaw uas nws tau ua, suav nrog Totenkompf, Viking thiab Reich kev sib cais, paub zoo ntawm no. Field Marshal Manstein txib cov tub rog ntawm Pab Pawg Sab Qab Teb.
Pib ua haujlwm
Kev ua haujlwm "Tus Thawj Coj Rumyantsev" tau pib rau lub Yim Hli 3 thiab tau pib ua tiav ntau dua li ua tiav. Cov tub rog tau ua haujlwm nyob ib puag ncig thiab rhuav tshem cov yeeb ncuab pawg Kharkov txhawm rau tiv thaiv lawv kom tsis txhob hla Dnieper.
Tsis pub dhau tsib hnub, cov tub rog ntawm Voronezh thiab Steppe tau rov ua ib thaj av tseem ceeb los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab. Cov pab pawg loj ntawm Wehrmacht raug rhuav tshem ze ntawm Borisovka thiab Tomarovka, thiab thaum Lub Yim Hli 5 Belgorod thiab Bogodukhov tau raug tso dim. Lub taub hau ntawm kev tawm tsam yog 1st thiab 5th lub tank tub rog, uas tau xav tias yuav tsim cov xwm txheej rau ib puag ncig thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm Kharkov pab pawg.
Soviet tankers thaum Lub Yim Hli 6 tau ua tiav kev tshem tawm ntawm cov yeeb ncuab hauv Tomarovsky cauldron thiab 5th Panzer Army tau tsiv mus rau Zolochev, uas yog vim muaj kev tsaus ntuj hmo ntuj raug ntes thaum Lub Yim Hli 9. Tom qab ntawd, cov tub rog tau thim rov qab rau qhov tshwj tseg thiab ua raws li tus thawj coj ntawm Steppe Front.
Cov tub rog txuas ntxiv lawv qhov kev tiv thaiv ntxiv ntawm Kharkov los ntawm Bohodukhiv thiab Akhtyrka. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, chav nyob ntawm Sab Qab Teb thiab Sab Qab Teb Hnub Poob pib ua haujlwm tsis txaus ntseeg hauv Donbass, nce mus rau Voronezh Pem Hauv Ntej. Qhov no tsis tau tso cai rau cov neeg German hloov pauv mus rau Kharkov, thiab thaum Lub Yim Hli 10, txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau Kharkov-Poltava raug tswj hwm.
Nrog rau qhov pib ntawm kev tawm tsam ntawm cov tub rog Soviet, Field Marshal Manstein, raws li kev paub dhau los ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua yav dhau los nyob ze Kharkov, tsis ntseeg txog qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm Steppe Front los ua cov haujlwm loj thiab siv kev ntsuas los tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv, tab sis cov tub rog Wehrmacht tau thim rov qab. Feem ntau ntawm txhua qhov, nws ntshai kev tawm tsam tsis yog los ntawm sab qaum teb, tab sis kev tawm tsam los ntawm 57th Army ntawm Sab Qab Teb Hnub Poob Sab Qab Teb sab qab teb ntawm Kharkov.
Txog thaum Lub Yim Hli 11, 53, 69th thiab 7 pab tub rog ntawm Steppe Front tau los ze rau sab nrauv Kharkov tiv thaiv kab, thiab pab tub rog 57th, tau ua phem rau Seversky Donets, thaum Lub Yim Hli 11 ntes Chuguev thiab los ntawm sab hnub tuaj thiab sab qab teb tuaj mus rau qhov ze. rau Kharkov. Lub sijhawm no, cov tub rog ntawm Voronezh Front tau nce mus ntxiv txawm tias nyob rau sab qab teb thiab sab qab teb-sab hnub poob, tsim kom muaj peev xwm nthuav dav ntawm pab pawg German hauv cheeb tsam Kharkov. Cov lus txib German tseem tau paub txog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb ntawm kev tiv thaiv ntawm Kharkov thaj chaw tsim khoom, thiab Hitler tau thov kom Pawg Pab Pawg Sab Qab Teb tuav Kharkov nyob rau txhua lub sijhawm.
Cov lus txib ntawm Pab Pawg Pab Pawg Sab Qab Teb, tsom peb lub tank sib cais sab qab teb ntawm Bogodukhov, tau tawm tsam kev tawm tsam hauv thaj tsam Bogodukhov thiab Akhtyrka ntawm 12 Lub Yim Hli ntawm 1st Tank Army thiab sab laug ntawm 6 Army, sim txiav tawm thiab swb 1st Tank Army thiab txeeb txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau Kharkov - Poltava. Txawm li cas los xij, Wehrmacht tsuas yog tswj tau thawb lub tebchaws Soviet los ntawm 3-4 km. 1st Panzer Army txuas ntxiv tswj Kharkov-Poltava txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau, thiab thaum Lub Yim Hli 13, Pawg Tub Rog Tiv Thaiv Thib 6, tsim kev tawm tsam, nce mus txog 10 km sab qab teb thiab tso tau 16 qhov chaw nyob.
Tsuas yog thaum Lub Yim Hli 14, kev sib cais ntawm cov yeeb ncuab tau tswj hwm los ntawm kev tsim ntawm lub tank thib 1 thiab thib 6 cov tub rog tsis muaj zog hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab thaum Lub Yim Hli 16 tau rov ntes Kharkov-Poltava txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau. Qhov thib 5 Panzer Army tau pauv mus rau qhov kev hem thawj thiab cov yeeb ncuab ua ntej thaum Lub Yim Hli 17 tau raug tshem tawm, vim li ntawd, cov neeg German tsis tau tso tseg kev tawm tsam Soviet.
Hauv qhov xwm txheej tam sim no, German cov lus txib pib paub tias nws tsis muaj peev xwm tuav Kharkov thiab Lub Tuam Txhab Txhab Nyiaj Txiag, thiab Manstein txiav txim siab nqis peev ib kauj ruam zuj zus dhau ntawm Dniep er nrog kev tiv thaiv tub rog Soviet ntawm cov kab tiv thaiv nruab nrab.
Cov tub rog ntawm Steppe Front thaum Lub Yim Hli 13, tau kov yeej kev tawm tsam tawv ncauj ntawm cov yeeb ncuab, tsoo los ntawm lub ntsej muag tiv thaiv sab nrauv, nyob 8-14 km ntawm Kharkov, thiab txog thaum kawg Lub Yim Hli 17, lawv koom nrog kev tawm tsam nyob rau sab qaum teb sab nrauv ntawm lub nroog. Cov tub rog ntawm pab tub rog 53rd thaum Lub Yim Hli 18 pib sib ntaus sib tua rau hav zoov nyob rau sab qaum teb sab hnub poob ntawm lub nroog thiab thaum Lub Yim Hli 19 lawv tau tsoo cov neeg German tawm ntawm qhov ntawd.
Cov tub rog ntawm Steppe Front tau muaj txoj hauv kev los puag ncig Kharkov cov tub rog nyob rau lub Yim Hli 18, 1943 thiab cuam tshuam rau Manstein txoj kev npaj, tab sis cov lus qhia no tau ntxiv dag zog los ntawm cov neeg German, chav ntawm Reich lub tank-grenadier faib nkag mus rau hauv lub zos Korotych thiab, nrog rau kev txhawb nqa ntawm rab phom loj, nres ua ntej ntawm 28th Infantry Division thiab 1 th cov kws kho tshuab.
Cov neeg German tau txiav txim siab los tawm tsam kev tawm tsam ntawm pab tub rog Soviet los ntawm sab hnub poob, los ntawm thaj chaw Akhtyrka raws li Bohodukhiv, npaj siab yuav txiav tawm thiab swb cov tub rog ntawm 27th Army thiab ob lub tank tub rog uas tau txav mus rau tom ntej. Rau cov laj thawj no, lawv tau tsim kev sib koom ua ke ntawm "Great Germany" sib faib cov tsheb, "Tuag Lub Taub Hau" lub tank tso ua ke, faib ua 10 lub tsheb sib faib thiab cov tsheb sib faib ntawm pawg thib 7, 11 thiab 19.
Tom qab kev npaj phom loj thiab muaj zog tua thaum sawv ntxov ntawm Lub Yim Hli 18, Wehrmacht cov tub rog tau tsoo thiab, siv cov lej zoo tshaj hauv cov tso tsheb hlau luam, thawj hnub tau tswj hwm ua ntej ntawm cov tub rog 27th hauv qhov nqaim ntawm sab xub ntiag tob 24 km. Txawm li cas los xij, tus yeeb ncuab ua tsis tau zoo los tawm tsam. Cov tub rog ntawm sab xis ntawm Voronezh Pem Hauv Ntej, suav nrog pab tub rog 38, 40, thiab 47, ua tiav kev tsim kev tawm tsam, dai ntawm sab qaum teb hla Akhtyr pab pawg neeg German. Txog thaum kawg Lub Yim Hli 20, cov tub rog 40th thiab 47th tau nce mus txog Akhtyrka los ntawm sab qaum teb thiab sab qaum teb sab hnub poob, ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam sab laug ntawm sab xub ntiag ntawm Wehrmacht pab tub rog, uas tau tawm tsam kev tawm tsam. Ua ntej ntawm German tso tsheb hlau luam thaum kawg tau nres thiab cov lus txib ntawm Wehrmacht tau muab qhov kev txiav txim kom hla mus rau qhov kev tiv thaiv.
Qhov xwm txheej tsis zoo rau German hais kom ua thiab sab qab teb ntawm Kharkov. Thaum tau pib tawm tsam thaum ib nrab Lub Yim Hli, cov tub rog ntawm Sab Qab Teb Hnub Poob thiab Sab Qab Teb tau tawg los ntawm kev tiv thaiv raws Seversky Donets thiab ntawm Mius thiab tau nce qib ib feem ntawm lawv cov rog sab qab teb ntawm Kharkov, thiab nrog lawv lub zog tseem ceeb mus rau thaj tsam nruab nrab ntawm Donbass.
Capture ntawm Kharkov
Thaum Lub Yim Hli 18, Pawg Tub Rog 57th ntawm Sab Qab Teb Hnub Poob rov pib ua phem, npog Kharkov los ntawm sab qab teb. Txhawm rau ntxiv dag zog rau cov lus qhia no, thaum Lub Yim Hli 20, ob pawg neeg ntawm 5 Panzer Army tau raug xa mus rau thaj chaw no, cov neeg thib peb tseem nyob nrog Bogodukhov.
Tau npaj txoj haujlwm tiv thaiv raws tus Dej Uda, cov neeg German thaum yav tsaus ntuj thaum Lub Yim Hli 22 pib npaj kev tshem tawm cov tub rog los ntawm Kharkov, ua rau puas tsuaj thiab hlawv txhua yam uas lawv tsis tuaj yeem nqa tawm. Cov tub rog ntawm Steppe Front tau tsoo rau hauv ib lub nroog dawb los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab thaum Lub Yim Hli 23, nyob rau sab qaum teb, sab hnub tuaj thiab nruab nrab ntawm lub nroog. Cov neeg German tau tuav thaj tsam yav qab teb thiab sab qab teb hnub poob ntawm lub nroog thiab, tau nkag los ntawm lawv tus kheej ntawm sab xis ntawm Uda River hauv thaj tsam New Bavaria, Osnova chaw nres tsheb ciav hlau thiab txuas ntxiv mus rau lub tshav dav hlau, ua rau muaj kev tawm tsam hnyav. Tag nrho lub nroog tau raug tua los ntawm German rab phom loj thiab cov phom, thiab kev ya dav hlau tau xa tawm huab cua.
Thaum Lub Yim Hli 21, tus thawj coj ntawm Steppe Front, Konev, tau muab 5th Panzer Army xaj kom tua kev tawm tsam ntawm Korotych-Babai nrog lub hom phiaj puag ncig cov yeeb ncuab Kharkov pab pawg los ntawm sab qab teb, thiab tom qab ntawd txeeb hla kev hla ntawm Merefa River. Cov tub rog Soviet tswj tau nce mus txog 1 mais thiab txawm ntes lub zos, tab sis los ntawm Reich faib kev tawm tsam thiab kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav, lawv tau rov thawb tawm thiab ib puag ncig. nyob ib puag ncig, Reich faib kev yooj yim tuav rov qab Soviets.
Txog hnub kawg ntawm lub Yim Hli 23, tus thawj coj ntawm Steppe Front tuaj yeem nres qhov kev ua phem tsis muaj qab hau nyob ze Korotych thiab Pesochin. Tab sis nws tsis ua qhov no, vim nws twb tau tshaj tawm rau Stalin txog kev raug ntes ntawm Kharkov thiab Moscow thaum yav tsaus ntuj hais txog kev tso lub nroog dim. Thiab thaum nws paub tias cov neeg German yuav tsis tawm hauv lub nroog mus tas li, lawv tau ntxiv dag zog rau lawv tus kheej ntawm txoj kab uas tau npaj tseg raws tus Dej Uda, tau hais kom 5 Panzer Army thiab pab tub rog 53rd nce mus rau Korotych, Merefa thiab Buda, hauv xaj kom tseem nyob ib puag ncig cov tub rog German, uas tau ntes hla rau sab qab teb hnub poob ntawm Kharkov, thiab tsav tsheb qhov kev tso tseg zaum kawg.
Sib ntaus nyob ze Korotych
Cov neeg German tsis tau tawm ntawm txoj kev npaj tiv thaiv kab mob no, thiab nyob rau hnub tom qab kev ntes Kharkov ze Korotych kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav hnyav tau nthuav tawm. Nyob rau hauv uas cov tub rog Soviet ntsib kev tiv thaiv tsis txaus ntseeg los ntawm German kev sib tsoo tank-grenadier, raug kev puas tsuaj loj heev thiab tsis ua tiav lawv txoj haujlwm.
Cov yeeb ncuab tau teeb tsa kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv lub tank sib sib zog nqus nyob rau toj siab ib puag ncig Korotych, txoj haujlwm tiv thaiv lub tank muaj zog tau teeb tsa ntawm txhua qhov kev hais kom siab, thiab pab pawg txawb lub tank, nyob ntawm qhov xwm txheej thiab xav tau, ua kom muaj kev kub ceev ntawm hluav taws hauv ib qho tshwj xeeb. Dej Uda tau dhau los ua teeb meem loj rau Soviet cov nkoj thauj khoom, nws lub txhab nyiaj tau raug dej nyab thiab khawb los ntawm cov neeg German, thiab nws cov choj tau raug puas tsuaj. Ib qho ntxiv, Cov neeg German tua los ntawm kev ua haujlwm tag nrho hav hav los ntawm qhov siab hais kom ua.
Cov nkoj loj ntawm 5 Panzer Army tau pib quab yuam tus dej Uda thaum Lub Yim Hli 21, nyob rau hauv qhov hnyav tiv thaiv lawv tus kheej yuav tsum nrhiav kev hla thiab koom nrog kev sib ntaus sib tua. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, 17 T-34 tso tsheb hlau luam tau ploj mus, lawv tawg rau ntawm cov mines thiab tau nyam hauv hav dej. Tus so ntawm pab tub rog tso tsheb hlau luam hla tsis tau tus dej. Kev sim los ntawm cov chav phom kom hla yam tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam tau thwarted los ntawm cov hluav taws hnyav los ntawm cov Germans.
Hnub tom ntej, pab pawg tso tsheb hlau luam tau sim hla mus rau txoj kev loj Kharkov-Merefa-Krasnograd, tab sis cov chaw ntawm lub tank-grenadier regiment, suav nrog ob lub tuam txhab ntawm Panther tso tsheb hlau luam, tau nce mus ntsib Soviet tankmen. Kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv lub tank tau tshwm sim, vim qhov uas peb raug kev txom nyem loj. Raws li kev sau cia ntawm cov tub ceev xwm German, thawj hnub ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv 5 Panzer Army, ntau tshaj li ib puas lub tso tsheb hlau luam tau raug puas tsuaj.
Thaum sawv ntxov ntawm Lub Yim Hli 23, cov tub rog ntawm 5th Panzer Army tau ntes lub nroog sab qab teb ntawm Korotych, sab nrauv sab nrauv tseem nyob hauv txhais tes ntawm cov yeeb ncuab, ntxiv rau, nws tsis tuaj yeem hla txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau, vim txhua txoj hauv kev rau nws.
Kev tawm tsam dav dav tau ua nyob rau hnub ntawd, koom nrog ntau dua 50 lub tso tsheb hlau luam thiab cov tub rog, mus txog rau hauv kev faib ua feem, tau tawm tsam los ntawm cov neeg German, thiab thaum ib tag hmo cov tub rog Soviet raug ntiab tawm ntawm Korotych. Tsuas yog 78 T-34 thiab 25 T-70 tso tsheb hlau luam tseem nyob hauv cov chav.
Txhua qhov kev sim coj Korotych thaum Lub Yim Hli 24 tsis ua tiav. Cov yeeb ncuab muaj zog nyob rau sab qab teb ntawm txoj kev hla ntawm Kharkiv-Poltava txoj kev tsheb nqaj hlau thiab nqa cov tub rog mus tua rog, 20 tso tsheb hlau luam thiab riam phom tiv thaiv lub tank los ntawm SS Viking tank-grenadier faib rau hauv kev sib hais haum.
Peb sim ntes Korotych ntawm 25 Lub Yim Hli nrog kev txhawb nqa rab phom loj kuj tseem ua tsis tiav, T-34 tso tsheb hlau luam raug tua los ntawm kev deb los ntawm German "Tigers" thiab "Panthers". Txhua txhua hnub, 5 Panzer Army tau txais txoj haujlwm ntawm kev nce qib ntawm Babai thiab Merefa, tab sis tsis tuaj yeem ntes txawm tias Kommuna thiab Korotych ua liaj ua teb.
Hmo ntuj ntawm Lub Yim Hli 25-26, tus yeeb ncuab, tau raug kev puas tsuaj loj ntawm qhov chaw ruaj khov ntawm Kommuna ua liaj ua teb, thim nws cov tub rog los ntawm qhov ntawd. Qhov kev sim ntawm 5th Guards Tank Army thaum Lub Yim Hli 27 los tawm tsam Korotych thiab Rai-Yelenovka dua ua tsis tiav.
Hauv 5 Pawg Tub Rog Panzer thaum Lub Yim Hli 28, tsuas yog 50 lub tso tsheb hlau luam nyob, tsawg dua 50% ntawm cov phom loj thiab 10% ntawm cov tub rog tsav tsheb. Thaum cov tub rog Soviet tsis tau sim coj Korotych, cov neeg German tau tsim tus choj tshiab tiv thaiv raws tus dej Mzha thiab hmo ntuj lub Yim Hli 29 tau hais kom thim rov qab, tawm ntawm tus tiv thaiv tom qab.
Hmo ntuj ntawm Lub Yim Hli 28-29, Soviet pab tub rog tau tawm tsam Rai-Yelenovka, Korotych, Kommunar, Stary Lyubotin, Budy thiab, yam tsis tau ntsib kev tawm tsam hnyav, ntes lawv.
Thaum kaj ntug ntawm lub Yim Hli 29, Cov tub rog German mus txog rau ib pab tub rog, nrog kev txhawb nqa ntawm lub tso tsheb hlau luam, tsoo rau hauv Kharkov thiab yooj yim dua yuav luag mus rau hauv plawv nroog. Txhawm rau tshem tawm qhov kev kov yeej, tso tsheb hlau luam thiab cov phom loj tiv thaiv lub tank tau rub ua ke, uas tau rhuav tshem tag nrho pawg German. Tom qab ntawd nws tau pom tseeb tias German "sortie" rau Kharkov yog qhov kev cuam tshuam kom ntseeg tau tias cov neeg German rov qab los ntawm nws cov nroog.
Raws li kev sib ntaus sib tua ib hlis ntev rau Kharkov, Steppe Front ua tsis tau ib puag ncig thiab rhuav tshem Kharkov pab pawg neeg German, nws tau tswj kom khiav mus rau txoj kab nruab nrab tiv thaiv kab raws Mzha River, 1st Tank Army poob yuav luag 900 lub tso tsheb hlau luam, 5th Tank Army, cua daj cua dub nce siab nyob ze lub zos Korotych, poob ntau dua 550 lub tso tsheb hlau luam, thiab hauv rau hnub tom qab ntes Kharkov, Steppe Front tau poob yuav luag 35,000 tus neeg tuag thiab raug mob. Cov no yog qhov kev poob siab ntawm plaub qhov kev sim kom dim Kharkov.
Tom qab ua tiav kev tshem tawm ntawm cov neeg German los ntawm Kharkov, Soviet cov lus txib thaum kawg tuaj yeem tuaj koom kev tawm tsam thaum Lub Yim Hli 30 nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawm kev tso lub nroog dim, txawm hais tias txog niaj hnub no Lub Yim Hli 23 tau suav tias yog hnub ua haujlwm ntawm kev dim ntawm Kharkov thiab yog ua kev zoo siab raws li hnub ntawm lub nroog.
Rov qab los rau txhua qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua Kharkov, pib nrog kev yuam kom swb lub nroog yam tsis muaj kev sib ntaus thaum Lub Kaum Hli 1941, kev ua tsis tiav thiab kev tu siab kom dim nws thaum Lub Ib Hlis 1942, Tsib Hlis 1942 thiab Lub Ob Hlis 1943, nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias lub nroog muaj lub koob npe nrov raws li "chaw raug foom tsis zoo ntawm Red Army." Txawm hais tias lub siab tawv thiab kev ua siab loj ntawm nws cov neeg tiv thaiv thiab kev tso tawm, vim kev tsis muaj peev xwm ua thawj coj thiab ua tsis tau zoo ntawm cov lus txib siab, kev puas tsuaj loj hauv tib neeg thiab cov cuab yeej siv raug kev txom nyem ntawm no, thiab qhov kawg ntawm kev dim ntawm lub nroog kuj tsis mus yam tsis txaus siab rau lub hom phiaj ntawm hais kom ua, uas ntau txhiab lub neej tau them.
