"Orlan" tiv thaiv kev sib ntaus sib tua "Iowa"

Cov txheej txheem:

"Orlan" tiv thaiv kev sib ntaus sib tua "Iowa"
"Orlan" tiv thaiv kev sib ntaus sib tua "Iowa"

Video: "Orlan" tiv thaiv kev sib ntaus sib tua "Iowa"

Video:
Video: kwv tij hmoob txua phom plav ncaj thiab zoo nkauj kawg nawj 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
Anonim
Duab
Duab

Lub Orlan lub hull tsuas yog 8% luv dua li ntawm Iowa. Txawm hais tias muaj ob qhov sib txawv hauv kev txav chaw, ob lub loj loj yuav luag zoo ib yam.

"Iowa" yog dav midships (33 m), txawm li cas los xij, nws lub cev nqaim nqaim mus rau qhov qis; cov kab ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv kev kub ceev zoo ib yam li "lub raj mis" hauv cov duab. Hauv kev sib piv, qhov dav ntawm lub nkoj siv hluav taws xob nuclear tseem tsis hloov pauv (28 m) thoob plaws yuav luag tag nrho qhov ntev ntawm lub hull.

Qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov txav chaw yog hais los ntawm tsuas yog peb qhov ntsuas ntxiv. Thaum tshem tag nrho, Iowa lub nkoj poob 11 m mus rau hauv dej.

Kev hloov chaw tag nrho ntawm "Orlan" sib raug rau cov cua ntsawj ntshab ntawm 8 meters. Daim duab 10.3 m pom hauv cov peev txheej suav nrog "poob-zoo li" protrusion ntawm sonar thiab tsis muaj teeb meem hauv qhov teeb meem no.

Lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm zaj dab neeg no tsis yog qhov tob npaum li cas lub nkoj tau poob nrog kev hloov chaw.

Lub atomic supercruiser pr. 1144 yuav tsum tsis txhob txav chaw ib yam nkaus.

Yog tias "Orlan" tau tsim los ntawm "Iowa" lub plhaub (tom qab tag nrho, qhov ntev zoo ib yam, tsuas yog tsawg dua cov qauv), tom qab ntawd nws yuav dhau los ua qhov me dua thiab sib dua los ntawm ntau txhiab tons.

Ua lwm yam lus. Ntseeg hypothetical. Yog tias Iowa lub tsev tau tsim los siv cov thev naus laus zis ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum, thiab sab hauv tau teeb tsa cov qauv loj ntawm Orlan cov tshuab thiab cov txheej txheem, tom qab ntawd tsis muaj 26 txhiab tons yuav los ze.

Paradox

Kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav heev, nws cov khoom seem yog 59,000 tons. Thiab qhov no tsis xav tsis thoob.

Ua ntej tshaj, nws nqa ib rab phom cuav.

Iowa citadel yog 140 meters ntev. Xav txog qhov chaw ncaws pob, ua los ntawm 8-meter phab ntsa ntawm 30-centimeter hlau. Los ntawm saum toj no nws tseem tau npog nrog "npog" 22 centimeters tuab (qhov no yog qhov tuab tag nrho ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua lub tsho tiv thaiv tub rog). Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj kev txuas ntxiv ntawm lub nroog nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus, hla kev hla lub taub hau, ntauwd barbets, lub tsev tiv thaiv zoo tshaj plaws thiab lwm yam txuj ci ntawm kev tiv thaiv.

"Orlan" tiv thaiv kev sib ntaus sib tua "Iowa"
"Orlan" tiv thaiv kev sib ntaus sib tua "Iowa"

Hauv tag nrho, tag nrho cov ntawv yuav luag 20 txhiab tons (300 lub tsheb ciav hlau nrog hlau)!

Artillery nrog mos txwv - 6, 2 txhiab tons.

Ob lub tsev tsim hluav taws xob, suav nrog 12 lub tshuab hluav taws xob turbo thiab diesel ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua - 5 txhiab tons.

Tag nrho cov khoom siv roj ntau tshaj 8 txhiab tons.

Khoom siv thiab tshuab - 800 tons.

Duab
Duab

Ob peb txhiab ntau tons tau siv rau kev pab ntawm cov neeg coob ntawm 2,800 tus neeg. thiab ntau yam khoom siv (zaub mov, roj cav, dej rau lub rhaub dej, thiab lwm yam).

Qhov "qhuav seem" ntawm kwv yees li 16 txhiab tons yog lub nkoj sib tsoo lub nkoj nws tus kheej.

Vim li cas nws thiaj hnyav?

Zoo, ua ntej tshaj plaws, nws loj.

Qhov thib ob, Iowa hull yuav muaj qhov zoo sib xws me ntsis rau cov kaus poom ntawm cov nkoj niaj hnub no. Nws cov tawv nqaij tau tuab heev (los ntawm 16 mm txog 37 mm hauv cheeb tsam KVL) uas nws tuaj yeem yuam kev rau cov cuab yeej ua rog. Txog kev sib piv, cov nkoj tua hluav taws ua rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum muaj cov tawv nqaij sab nraud uas tsuas yog 8-10 hli tuab. Thiab cov tuab ntawm lawv cov lawj hauv av feem ntau txawm tias tsawg dua.

Sab hauv, suav tias tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv, lub taub hau muaj qhov tuab ntawm 16 hli thiab tau ua los ntawm STS hlau, zoo ib yam rau cov cuab yeej zoo sib xws.

Tsis muaj txhuas lossis lub teeb hlau ntxig rau hauv cov qauv loj. Txhua qhov txhia chaw, los ntawm txhua sab, tsuas muaj qhov ci ci ntawm cov hlau.

Lub hwj chim teeb ntawm lub nkoj sib ntaus tau tsim los rau kev teeb tsa cov cuab yeej muaj zog (thiab hnyav). Qhov ntawd tsis qeeb los cuam tshuam rau qhov hnyav thiab lub zog ntawm cov thav duab.

Raws li qhov tshwm sim, lub nkoj ntawm tus neeg caij nkoj niaj hnub no, zoo ib yam li Iowa lub nkoj, yuav tsum sib zog thiab pom tseeb qhov hnyav tsawg dua 16 txhiab tons. Ntau npaum li cas? Tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv muaj rau Orlan.

Peb yuav txo qis daim duab no 12% (2000 tons).

14 txhiab tons. Qhov hnyav ntawm cov qauv ntawm lub cev "Orlan" lub cev tau pom zoo li no. Tsawg kawg, qhov no yuav tau muab lub cev zoo ib yam rau "Iowa" hauv txhua qhov xwm txheej no. Tsawg tuab ntawm cov tawv nqaij sab nrauv thiab cov taub hau (tsawg kawg 2 zaug), tsawg dua 20 m hauv qhov ntev, qhov ntev me me ntawm cov dej hauv qab (vim yog cov qauv qis).

Kev tshem tawm tag nrho ntawm "Orlan" yog kwv yees li 26 txhiab tons.

26 - 14 = 12.

Dab tsi yog 12 txhiab tons ntawm kev them nyiaj siv rau?

Tsis muaj ris tsho hnav. Qee zaum qee zaum hu ua "kev tshwj tseg hauv cheeb tsam" (kev tiv thaiv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab lub foob pob hluav taws "Granit") yog qhov tsis tseem ceeb uas tsis tuaj yeem cuam tshuam qhov tshwm sim. 200-300 tons - los ntawm qhov hnyav tsawg dua 1% ntawm TARKR qhov kev hloov chaw, nyob hauv cov ntaub ntawv yuam kev.

Orlan lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb:

20 lub foob pob tiv thaiv nkoj "Granit" (pib hnyav 7 tons). 96 S-300 cov dav hlau tiv thaiv dav hlau (tso tawm hnyav txog 2 tons). Tag nrho - 300 tons.

Txog kev sib piv: qhov hnyav ntawm riam phom thiab mos txwv "Iowa" yog 20 npaug ntau dua (6200 tons).

Koj tuaj yeem suav tsis txheeb cov kev sib ntaus sib tua uas tseem tshuav ("Daggers", SAM "Dagger", thiab lwm yam), tab sis qhov no tsis los ze rau npog 20-npaug sib txawv ntawm qhov sib ntaus sib tua ntawm TARKR thiab kev sib ntaus sib tua.

Lub foob pob ntawm "Dagger" foob pob ua ntxaij (165 kg) yog qhov sib npaug hauv qhov hnyav tsuas yog plaub qhov puag ncig ntawm tsib-nti dav (20-phom roj teeb ntawm lub nkoj sib ntaus sib tua tau tua ntau txhiab leej nyob puag ncig ntawm tus yeeb ncuab).

Qhov loj ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws tsis tuaj yeem tiv thaiv keeb kwm yav dhau ntawm 16 `` phom, qhov twg ib lub thoob hnyav 100 tons (tau kawg, tsis muaj lub raj mis, menyuam txaj, kev qhia tsav tsheb thiab cov khoom siv mos txwv).

Los ntawm txoj kev … Cov foob pob niaj hnub nyob hauv qab lub lawj, thaum lub yees thiab rab phom ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua tau nyob ntawm QAB. Nws yog ib qho yooj yim los xav txog qhov no txo qhov "nyiaj siv ua haujlwm" hnyav thiab qhov xav tau rau kev them nyiaj ballast. Tsawg kawg yog cov foob pob hluav taws silos tau nyob hauv qab cov yees …

Nws yog qhov pom tseeb dhau lawm.

Txawm hais tias peb xav tias txhua lub mine nrog kev txhawb nqa muaj peb npaug ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws (tus nqi ntau dhau), tom qab ntawd qhov hnyav ntawm txhua yam riam phom thiab mos txwv ntawm Orlan yuav nyuaj txog ob txhiab tons.

Tsis zoo li WWII kev sib ntaus sib tua nkoj, qhov twg cov khoom thauj khoom faib rau kev ua tub rog ntau dua 10% ntawm kev tshem tawm tag nrho lub nkoj, rau lub foob pob hluav taws cruiser nws yuav tsis nyob hauv 5-7%.

Lub hwj chim taw tes

Ntawm no koj tuaj yeem quaj lossis luag, tab sis lub tshuab rhaub dej kub thiab lub zog ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua tsis muaj zog tau muab yuav luag ob npaug zog ntau dua li cov tshuaj nuclear ntawm Orlan. Kev sib ntaus sib tua ceev ntawm lub sijhawm WWII muaj 254 txhiab hp ntawm lub nkoj, thaum lub nkoj nuclear "tsuas yog" 140 txhiab.

Raws li tau hais los saud, ob lub tsev tsim hluav taws xob, ua ke nrog cov khoom siv roj av, uas tau muab kev sib ntaus sib tua nrog kev caij nkoj ntau txog 15 txhiab mais, hnyav txog 13 txhiab tons.

Txawm tias tsis nkag siab txog cov thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis thiab ntseeg tias cov pa roj carbon dioxide tau muab faib rau hauv cov reactor, peb tuaj yeem hais meej tias cov reactor tsis tau siv roj roj. Li no - rho tawm 8000 tons.

Cov txheej txheem ntawm lub tshuab fais fab ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua (puv nrog cov kua ua haujlwm) hnyav 5 txhiab tons.

Lub zog ntawm Orlan lub tshuab hluav taws xob yuav luag ib nrab qhov ntawd. Nws tsuas muaj ob lub cav (GTZA) - hloov plaub los ntawm "Iowa". Tus naj npawb ntawm cov ncej thiab cov kiv cua tau raug txo los ntawm tib yam.

Duab
Duab
Duab
Duab

Tsis txhob hnov qab txog 40 xyoo sib txawv ntawm cov nkoj. Yog tias lub zog tshwj xeeb ntawm cov txheej txheem (kg / h.p.) zoo ib yam, nws txhais tau tias txhua lub sijhawm no kev ua haujlwm tau zoo nyob hauv ib qho.

Hloov chaw ntawm yim lub rhaub dej kub, muaj ob lub OK-650 cov dej ua kom muaj dej sib xws, zoo ib yam rau cov teeb tsa me me uas muaj ntau lub hom phiaj submarines. Kev tiv thaiv hluav taws xob tsis hnyav npaum li nws tau piav qhia hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab fiction science.

Ib tus neeg yuav nco txog kev khaws cia lub rhaub dej ntawm cov roj roj (1000 mais ntawm kev nrawm ntawm 17 pob). Hauv qhov kev suav no, lawv tuaj yeem tsis quav ntsej. Tsis hais txog ntawm lawv lub zog, tsis hais txog huab hwm coj, lossis tsis hais txog kev khaws roj (15 zaug tsawg dua li ntawm Iowa), lawv tsis txhais hais tias tsis muaj dab tsi tiv thaiv keeb kwm ntawm lub zog loj ntawm cov nkoj.

Iowa cov khoom thauj khoom faib rau lub zog fais fab thiab roj av yog 22% ntawm tag nrho hauv / thiab kev sib ntaus sib tua.

Hauv "Orlan" (suav nrog txhua yam tseem ceeb), nws yuav tsum tsawg dua. Tsis muaj roj. Ib zaug 40 xyoo tau dhau los thiab lub zog ntawm cov tshuab fais fab kev lag luam tau txo los ntawm ib nrab, tom qab ntawd lawv tau dhau los ua qhov sib dua ob zaug (cov ntsiab lus, puas yog?).

2500-3000 tons lossis 10-12% ntawm tag nrho hauv / thiab lub nkoj.

Cov kab hauv qab yog dab tsi?

Muaj kwv yees kwv yees qhov hnyav ntawm txhua yam riam phom, mos txwv thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm Orlan lub zog cog, peb tseem tab tom cim lub sijhawm tsis pub dhau 5 txhiab tons.

Qhov seem 7 txhiab siv rau dab tsi?

Koj taw tes rau hluav taws xob thiab radars. Tab sis cov khoom siv hluav taws xob yuav tsum hnyav npaum li cas, txawm tias thaum tiv thaiv los ntawm cov qauv tub rog? Txhawm rau sau tawm 100 lub tsheb thauj khoom uas ploj lawm (7000 tons) rau nws yam tsis tau them nqi. Qhov no yog vwm.

Peb paub tias S-300 tiv thaiv lub dav hlau tiv thaiv lub dav hlau, nrog rau lub foob pob hluav taws, cov lus txib thiab radars, tau muab tso rau ntawm ob peb lub xov tooj ntawm tes. Nws yuav coj txawv txawv yog tias nws cov tub rog sib tw, S-300FM, xav tau qee qhov "chav chav cav" tsis txaus ntseeg thiab lwm yam tsis tseem ceeb, uas feem ntau pom hauv kev tham txog riam phom tub rog, rau nws txoj haujlwm.

Los ntawm txoj kev, tsis tas yuav txhawj xeeb txog lub foob pob thiab cov foob pob hluav taws lawv tus kheej: cov khoom thauj khoom tseem ceeb tau raug faib rau lawv hauv ntu "riam phom".

Cov neeg coob tau raug txo los ntawm 4.5 npaug (600 hloov ntawm 2800 tus neeg tsav nkoj).

Cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis ntawm 40 xyoo tso nruab nrab ntawm cov nkoj. Txhua tus ntsia hlau, lub tshuab hluav taws xob lossis lub tshuab hluav taws xob hnyav dua lub nkoj qub. Los ntawm txoj kev, 900 lub tshuab hluav taws xob tau siv ua ib feem ntawm Iowa cov txheej txheem, nws cov hluav taws xob sib txuas tsis muaj qhov nyuaj dua li ntawm TARKR niaj hnub no.

Tsis muaj teeb meem li cas peb sim piav qhia qhov sib txawv, lub nkoj hnyav nuclear hnyav dua los ntawm ntau txhiab tons. Tsawg kawg, qhov no tuaj yeem yog lub nkoj sib xws rau qhov ntev ntawm "Iowa", nrog txhua qhov kev qhia hloov pauv hauv cov khoom thauj.

Thiab tseem, muaj lus piav qhia. Thov xyuam xim rau daim duab.

Duab
Duab
Duab
Duab

Hmoov tsis zoo, hauv keeb kwm tsis muaj rooj plaub thaum kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab "Orlan" tau nres ib leeg. Tab sis yog tias muaj qhov tshwm sim, koj yuav pom txhua yam nrog qhov muag liab qab.

Lub rooj tsavxwm ntawm lub atomic loj nce 11 meters tawm ntawm dej. Lub qia yog qhov siab dua, muaj qhov siab ntawm 16 meters (kwv yees li tsib lub tsev tsev). Los ntawm qhov ntawd, nws nyuaj rau dhia hauv dej, thaum zam kev raug mob.

Qhov tob cog "Iowa" muaj qhov tob tob ntawm tsuas yog 5 meters. Nws lub cev, zoo li cov dej khov, yuav luag tag zais hauv dej.

Qhov chaw sib ntaus sib tua muaj tus choj hla kev, lub nkoj sab saud ntawm tus neeg caij nkoj tab tom pib. Cov foob pob hluav taws npog npog siab dua li lub nkoj sib ntaus sib tua!

Raws li yog ua los ntawm lub teeb "cork", nuclear cruiser sways ntawm nthwv dej. Tawm ntawm 59 meters ntawm nws qhov siab (los ntawm keel rau klotik), tsuas yog 8 metres nyob hauv dej. Qhov sib piv ntawm freeboard rau cov qauv yog 1, 4 (rau kev sib piv: rau kev sib ntaus sib tua tus nqi no yog 0, 45).

Qhov tshwj xeeb freeboard txhais tau tias ntxiv ntau txhiab tons ntawm cov qauv hlau, qhov no yog qhov hnyav dua, qhov no yog ballast ntxiv. Qhov no yog qhov kev hloov pauv uas ploj mus uas peb tau mob siab rau nrhiav thaum pib ntawm kab lus.

Qhov tseeb, qhov tseeb tseeb no tshaj tawm qhov tseeb ntawm peb qhov kev kwv yees, hais txog qhov tsis tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv riam phom thiab cov txheej txheem niaj hnub nkoj. Yog tias radars, cuaj luaj thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tau hnyav tiag tiag, zoo li rab phom thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm WWII cov nkoj, tom qab ntawd peb yuav tsis tau npau suav txog qhov siab ntawm lub freeboard. Lub nkoj caij nkoj yuav zoo li lub nkoj sib ntaus sib tua.

Los ntawm qhov pom ntawm cov neeg tsim qauv ntawm WWII lub sijhawm, Orlan lub hull yog los ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua tiag tiag - txawm tias loj dua hauv kev txav chaw dua li Iowa! Uas, vim yog qhov hnyav dhau, yuav luag tag nrho tawm hauv dej.

Duab
Duab

Tsis muaj leej twg hu los sau "Orlan" nrog ntau txhiab tons riam phom thiab cuab yeej ua rog, yog li nws tau plam mus rau hauv dej ncaj mus rau lub lawj. Tsis muaj qhov yuam kev ntawm no. Tus neeg caij nkoj tau txhob txwm tsim kom nce saum cov dej ntau li ntau tau.

Kuv qhov kev suav tsuas yog qhia dab tsi cov peev txheej tseem ceeb tau zais hauv cov qauv ntawm cov nkoj niaj hnub no. Tsis muaj lwm yam kev xav tau, cov tsim qauv tuaj yeem them taus txhua yam: sab siab heev, cov nyom zoo nkauj thiab cov qauv zoo nkauj. Qhov twg ua ntej cua tshuab thiab qee zaum lub elevator nqaim tuaj, xa cov neeg pom mus rau lub tsev tswj hwm sab saud, tam sim no koj tuaj yeem taug kev ywj pheej raws cov decks, saib ntawm nthwv dej los ntawm qhov siab ntawm 16-storey tsev.

Qhov zoo kawg nkaus ob sab yog qhov ua tau zoo ntawm txhua lub nkoj niaj hnub no. Daim duab tom ntej no qhia txog Zamvolt thiab kev sib ntaus sib tua Nevada hauv tib lub teev.

Duab
Duab

Cov neeg uas sau txog yuav ua li cas "Zamvolt" yuav faus lawv lub qhov ntswg hauv dej yooj yim tsis nkag siab txog qhov xwm txheej dab neeg. Ntawm SUCH qhov siab ntawm ib sab, tus neeg rhuav tshem yuav tsis mloog zoo rau nthwv dej txhua.

Cov tawv nqaij tawv "Iowa" kuj tsis muaj teeb meem nrog seaworthiness. Ua tsaug rau nws qhov hnyav, nws, zoo li ntaj, txiav cov phab ntsa dej, yam tsis tau sim nce lawv. Raws li lawv hais, hippopotamus tsis pom zoo, tab sis qhov no tsis yog nws qhov teeb meem ntxiv lawm.

Feem ntau, nrog kev nce ntawm qhov siab ntawm ob sab, qhov xwm txheej ntawm lub lawj sab saud tau yooj yim dua.

Pom zoo: