Raws li txoj cai, tsov rog pib tam sim ntawd. Cov tub rog ntawm ib lub tebchaws raug rau kev ua phem yog tsis tau npaj txhij rau nws. Nws tseem muaj tseeb tias cov thawj coj tau npaj tsis yog rau yav tom ntej, tab sis rau kev tsov rog yav dhau los. Qhov no ua tiav rau lub xeev ntawm cov tshuab tiv thaiv huab cua ntawm chav hauv av Askiv.
Txawm li cas los xij, los ntawm lub sijhawm ua kom muaj kev sib cav sib ceg pib, qhov xwm txheej no muaj nyob hauv cov tub rog ntawm ntau lub xeev uas koom nrog kev ua rog. Qhov xwm txheej nrog kev tiv thaiv huab cua ntawm Red Army xyoo 1941 tseem nyuaj dua.
Thaum Lub Yim Hli 1938, Cov tub rog Askiv tau siv lub tshuab rab phom loj "Bren" Mk 1 caliber 7, 7-mm (.303 "British"), uas yog Askiv hloov kho ntawm Czech tshuab rab phom ZB-30 "Zbroevka Brno". Lub tshuab rab phom tau txais nws lub npe los ntawm thawj ob tsab ntawv ntawm lub npe ntawm lub nroog Brno thiab Enfield, uas tau tsim tawm. Txog Lub Rau Hli 1940, Cov tub rog Askiv muaj ntau dua 30,000 Bren tshuab rab phom.
Cov tub rog Askiv ua yeeb yam rau Vaj Ntxwv ntawm Great Britain) George VI 7, 7-mm (.303 british) anti-aircraft machine gun Bren (Bren Mk. I)
Txog rau rab phom tshuab, ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm cov tshuab tiv thaiv dav hlau tau tsim, suav nrog rau kev teeb tsa ntxaib. Qhov tua tau zoo ntawm lub hom phiaj huab cua tsis tshaj 550 m, uas yog, lub tshuab rab phom tuaj yeem tsuas yog tawm tsam cov hom phiaj qis. Lub tshuab rab phom Bren tau siv los ua riam phom tiv thaiv dav hlau rau cov tso tsheb hlau luam, rab phom rau tus kheej thiab lub tsheb tiv thaiv, tau teeb tsa rau ntawm nkoj, nkoj thiab tsheb.
Raws li kev tiv thaiv dav hlau "Bren" muaj tus lej tsis zoo:
Cov ntawv me me muaj peev xwm - rau 30 puag ncig.
Tus nqi hluav taws tsawg-480-540 puag ncig ib feeb (qhov hluav taws kub ntawm German MG-42 tau siab dua ob npaug).
Qhov chaw ntawm lub khw los ntawm saum toj no tau thaiv ib sab hauv ntej thaum tua thiab ua rau nws nyuaj rau taug qab cov hom phiaj huab cua. Txawm li cas los xij, vim nws tau faib dav, Bren tau siv los tawm tsam cov dav hlau ya dav hlau qis thoob plaws hauv kev ua rog.
Tom qab kev pib ua tsov rog tsis zoo hauv Tebchaws Europe rau cov neeg Askiv thiab kev khiav tawm sai ntawm cov tub rog los ntawm Dunkirk, qhov uas lawv raug yuam kom tawm ntawm cov yeeb ncuab nrog cov riam phom niaj hnub no uas cov tub rog Askiv muaj nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd. Txhawm rau them rau qhov tsis muaj riam phom, nyob rau hauv kev hem thawj ntawm kev txeeb chaw ntawm German tsaws hauv tebchaws Askiv, rov qab mus rau pab tub rog ntawm cov txheej txheem qub tau pib, nrog rau ntau qhov kev hloov kho. Ntawm lwm yam, kwv yees li 50 txhiab Lewis rab phom tshuab tau rov qab los ua haujlwm los ntawm cov chaw khaws khoom.
"Lewis" ntawm ntau yam kev hloov kho hauv kev tiv thaiv dav hlau tau teeb tsa ntawm cov tsheb ciav hlau tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv hauv ib cheeb tsam, tsheb thiab txawm tias maus taus.
Kev maj nrawm, txhawm rau ntxiv dag zog rau kev tiv thaiv huab cua ntawm cov tub rog nyob rau hauv, ntau pua puas khub ua ke thiab plaub npaug kev tiv thaiv dav hlau tau tsim.
Lub Bren tau siv los ntawm pab tub rog Askiv ua tub rog siv lub tshuab rab phom me. Lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub tuam txhab txuas lub tshuab rab phom tau muab rau rab phom tshuab "Vickers" Mk. I caliber 7, 7-mm (.303 Askiv) nrog dej txias, uas yog lus Askiv ntawm rab phom tshuab hnyav "Maxim".
Piv rau "Bren", nws muaj peev xwm tua hluav taws ntau dua los ntawm nws, tab sis cov riam phom loj ntawm lub tshuab tau ntau dua. Rau kev tiv thaiv lub dav hlau ntawm lub tshuab rab phom, tau siv lub qhov ncauj tshwj xeeb - lub tog raj kheej rov ua kom nrawm dua, uas siv lub zog ntawm cov hmoov av ntawm lub qhov ncauj ntawm lub thoob kom nce lub zog rov qab, yog li ua rau nce nqi hluav taws.
Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm Vickers-K phom ntev-rab phom dav hlau tshuab dav hlau, tsim los ntawm Vickers-Berthier rab phom tshuab, kuj tau pauv los ntawm lub tsev rau khoom mus rau kev tiv thaiv huab cua.
Kev sib koom ua ke nrog cov ntawv xov xwm disk nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 100 puag ncig tau teeb tsa ntawm "Land Rovers" ntawm kev muaj peev xwm hla teb chaws ntau ntxiv rau SAS chav nyob thiab "cov pab pawg tshawb nrhiav thaj tsam ntev".
Vim tias tsis muaj kev tsim qauv hauv tsev ntawm rab phom tshuab tsim rau kev teeb tsa hauv tsheb tiv thaiv tub rog, kev hais kom ua ntawm pab tub rog Askiv xyoo 1937 tau kos npe rau daim ntawv cog lus nrog Czechoslovak lub tuam txhab "Zbroevka-Brno" rau kev tsim khoom raws li kev tso cai ntawm ZB-53 hnyav tshuab phom ntawm 7.92 mm caliber. Kev tsim qauv ntawm ZB-53 rab phom tshuab tau hloov kho kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm Askiv, thiab nws tau muab tso rau hauv kev pabcuam raws li lub npe BESA, suav nrog cov tsiaj ntawv pib ntawm cov lus Brno, Enfield, Small Arms Corporation.
Cov tub rog Askiv "tub rog" lub tank "Matilda" Mk.2 nrog rab phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau tshuab "Bes"
Cov phom phom "Imp" tau siv dav hauv ntau lub tsheb tiv thaiv tub rog Askiv, suav nrog tiv thaiv dav hlau. Cov phom tshuab "Bes" ntawm txhua qhov kev hloov pauv tau siv los ntawm daim kab xev hlau nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 225 puag ncig.
British teeb lub dav hlau tiv thaiv lub dav hlau Vickers AA Mark I, ua rog nrog plaub 7, 92-mm tshuab phom "Bes"
Thaum pib xyoo 1920, kev ua haujlwm pib hauv tebchaws Askiv txog kev tsim cov tshuab phom loj loj los tiv thaiv cov tsheb tiv thaiv thiab dav hlau. Thaum xub thawj, riam phom tau tsim los rau ntawm 5 Vickers (12, 7x81 mm hauv qhov ntsuas), tsis txawv ntau, tsuas yog qhov loj me, los ntawm Vickers Mk. I rab phom tshuab.
Tub rog tiv thaiv dav hlau plaub npaug mount Vickers.5 Mk.3
Xyoo 1928, Lub Vickers.5 Mk.3 hnyav tshuab phom tau txais los ntawm Royal Navy, lub tshuab rab phom tsis tau siv dav hauv pab tub rog, hauv qhov tsawg tus lej loj-rab phom tshuab rab phom tau muab tso rau ntawm cov tsheb tiv thaiv.
Armored tsheb "Crossley" D2E1 nrog tiv thaiv dav hlau teeb tsa coaxial 12, 7-mm tshuab phom "Vickers"
Paub txog lub zog tsis txaus ntawm 12.7x81 mm puag ncig (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hauv kev sib piv nrog Asmeskas 12.7x99 mm thiab Fabkis 13.2x99 mm), Vickers lub tuam txhab nyob rau xyoo 1920s tau tsim cov mos txwv muaj zog dua qub, uas yog hu ua.5 Vickers. HV (12.7x120 mm). Cov kab ntawv no tau nrawm dua 45-gram cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv cov mos txwv mus rau qhov nrawm ntawm 927 m / s. Hauv qab daim ntawv no, nthuav dav ib yam ntawm cov dej txias txias Vickers rab phom tshuab, lub npe hu ua.5 Vickers Class D, tau tsim tawm. ntev dua. Lub tshuab rab phom muaj tus nqi hluav taws kub txog 500-600 rds / min thiab ntau qhov hluav taws kub ntawm lub hom phiaj huab cua mus txog 1500 m.
Kev teeb tsa ntxaib Vickers - Vickers.5 Hoob D
Loj-caliber 12, 7-mm tshuab phom ntawm lub tuam txhab "Vickers" tau siv feem ntau hauv cov nkoj; vim lawv qhov hnyav dhau thiab dej txias rau hauv av, lawv tau siv feem ntau hauv kev tiv thaiv huab cua thiab rau kev tiv thaiv cov tsheb tiv thaiv.
Coaxial ZPU 12, 7-mm Browning M2 tshuab rab phom
Cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau feem ntau ntawm 12.7 hli hauv tebchaws Askiv yog Browning M2 muab rau hauv Kev qiv-xaum.
ZSU T17E2
Ntawm cov chaw lag luam hauv tebchaws Askiv, ZSU T17E2 tau tsim ntau yam raws li Asmeskas Staghound armored tsheb. Nws txawv ntawm lub hauv paus tsheb nrog ib lub tog raj kheej kheej kheej tsis muaj lub ru tsev, nrog ob lub Browning M2HB phom tshuab hnyav.
Xyoo 1937, ZB-60 hnyav tshuab rab phom tau tsim hauv Czechoslovakia rau tus tshiab 15x104 Brno cartridge, uas yog thawj lub hom phiaj yog siv riam phom tiv thaiv dav hlau. Xyoo 1937, lub tuam txhab Askiv Birmingham Small Arms (BSA) tau txais daim ntawv tso cai rau kev tsim 15-mm ZB-60 tshuab rab phom thiab cov mos txwv rau nws, qhov uas cov tshuab rab phom no tau tsim hauv cov kab me me, thiab cov cartridges tau txais lwm lub npe. - 15-hli Besa.
15-mm BESA rab phom tshuab hnyav 56, 90 kg, tus nqi hluav taws kub 400 teev ib feeb twg, qhov nrawm ntawm qhov ncauj yog 820 m / s. Kev tua ntau ntawm cov hom phiaj huab cua yog mus txog 2000 m.
Anti-aircraft 15-mm tshuab rab phom "Imp"
Rau ntau qhov laj thawj, 15-mm tshuab rab phom "Bes" tsis tau txais kev faib dav, vim tias "tsis yog tus qauv" mos txwv nyob rau hauv ib nrab ntawm kev ua tsov rog, tau sim ua kom hloov nws rau 20-mm puag ncig "Hispano-Suiza".
British teeb lub dav hlau tiv thaiv lub dav hlau Vickers Mark V nrog coaxial 15 mm tshuab rab phom "Imp"
Hauv tebchaws Askiv cov tub rog thaum xyoo ua rog, 20 hli Oerlikon tsis siv phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tau siv dav. Lawv qhov kev hloov kho tau xaiv Mk 2, Mk 3 thiab Mk 4, ntawm lawv tus kheej, tsim ib leeg-barreled thiab plaub npaug. Hauv qhov ntau me me, "Oerlikons" tau teeb tsa ntawm ntug dej.
Xyoo 1942, ZSU Crusader AA Mk II tau tsim. Lub nkoj hla "Crusader" ("Crusader") tau siv los ua lub hauv paus. Ib lub tsho tiv thaiv me me uas tig tau ncig, qhib los saum toj no, nrog kev teeb tsa ua ob lub 20-hli tsis siv phom tiv thaiv dav hlau "Oerlikon" nrog lub tog raj ntev ntawm 120 calibers tau teeb tsa ntawm lub hauv paus chassis.
ZSU Crusader AA Mk II
Thaum pib xyoo 1944, rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau 20-mm Polsten tau muab tso rau hauv kev tsim khoom. Cov qauv ntawm rab phom tau tsim nyob rau lub sijhawm ua tsov rog hauv tebchaws Poland. Cov kws ua haujlwm Polish tau sim ua kom yooj yim tsim qauv ntawm Oerlikon tiv thaiv lub dav hlau tshuab, ua kom nws nrawm dua, sib dua thiab pheej yig dua. Cov neeg tsim khoom tau tswj kom khiav mus rau UK nrog rau cov phiaj xwm.
Cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau 20-mm tshuab rab phom "Polsten" muab tus nqi tua hluav taws 450 zaug hauv ib feeb, qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm 7200 m, qhov siab tshaj ntawm 2000 m. / s; cov hom phiaj hauv av
Cov neeg tua phom dav hlau Canadian ntawm kev teeb tsa "Polsten"
"Polsten" tau dhau los ua qhov yooj yim dua thiab pheej yig dua nws cov qauv, tsis qis dua nws raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev sib ntaus. Muaj peev xwm txhim kho rab phom ntawm lub tshuab los ntawm "Erlikon" tau khaws cia. Cov phom antiaircraft muaj cov ntaub ntawv hnyav hnyav hauv qhov chaw tua, tsuas yog 231 kg, cov mos txwv tau pub los ntawm 30 cov ntawv xov xwm. Ntxiv rau kev teeb tsa ib leeg, rab phom peb npaug thiab plaub npaug tau tsim, nrog rau qhov sib sib zog nqus sib tsoo ntawm cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau rau cov tub rog caij dav hlau.
Tom qab Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum 1, Tub Rog Askiv muaj tus lej tseem ceeb ntawm 40-mm Vickers tiv thaiv lub dav hlau phom tshuab hauv ib-, ob-, plaub- thiab yim-barreled kev teeb tsa.
Plaub-barreled launchers tau siv rau lub destroyers thiab cruisers ntawm Royal Navy, yim-barreled ntawm cruisers, battleships thiab aircraft aircraft. Vim yog cov yam ntxwv suab uas lawv tau ua thaum tua, lawv tau paub zoo tias "Pom-pom".
40-mm Vickers phom ntev yog qhov hnyav thiab me ntsis yooj yim 37-mm Maxim tua phom nrog lub taub dej txias.
Kev siv "pom-pom" ntawm thaj av tau cuam tshuam los ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm kev teeb tsa, cov txheej txheem nyuaj ntawm kev tsim, thiab kev ntseeg tau qis. Txhawm rau kom txias cov phom, yuav tsum tau muaj dej huv ntau, uas ib txwm tsis tuaj yeem muab hauv lub tshav pob.
Nyob rau xyoo 30s lig, daim ntawv tso cai tau txais hauv Sweden rau kev tsim 40-mm Bofors L60 phom tiv thaiv dav hlau. Piv rau cov tub rog "pom-pom", qhov riam phom no muaj ntau yam zoo tua hluav taws thiab nce mus txog qhov siab. Nws tau yooj yim dua, yooj yim dua thiab ntseeg tau ntau dua. Kev faib ua feem 900-gram projectile (40x311R) tawm ntawm Bofors L60 chim ntawm qhov ceev ntawm 850 m / s. Tus nqi hluav taws yog li 120 teev / feeb. Mus txog qhov siab - txog 4000 m.
Cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tau teeb tsa ntawm plaub lub log uas rub "lub laub". Yog tias xav tau sai, kev tua tuaj yeem ua ncaj qha los ntawm kev nqa phom, piv txwv li "Tawm lub log" yam tsis muaj txheej txheem ntxiv, tab sis nrog qhov raug tsawg dua. Hauv qhov ib txwm muaj, thav duab thav duab tau nqes mus rau hauv av kom ruaj khov dua. Kev hloov pauv ntawm txoj haujlwm "taug kev" mus rau "kev sib ntaus" txoj haujlwm tau siv li 1 feeb.
Cov neeg Askiv tau ua txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm kev yooj yim thiab pheej yig cov phom. Txhawm rau ua kom nrawm dua ntawm kev txav mus los thiab dhia dej dav hlau, Askiv tau siv lub tshuab sib piv zoo li lub computer Loj Kerrison (A. V. Kerrison), uas dhau los ua thawj lub tshuab tua hluav taws tua hluav taws. Kerrison lub cuab yeej yog lub tshuab xam zauv thiab txiav txim siab lub cuab yeej uas tso cai rau koj los txiav txim siab lub kaum ntse ntse ntawm rab phom raws li cov ntaub ntawv ntawm txoj haujlwm thiab kev txav chaw ntawm lub hom phiaj, qhov txwv tsis pub siv ntawm rab phom thiab mos txwv, nrog rau yam tseem ceeb hauv huab cua. Cov lus taw qhia uas tau ua tiav tau xa ncaj qha mus rau cov txheej txheem phom qhia siv servomotors.
Lub laij lej tswj hwm lub hom phiaj ntawm rab phom, thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm tsuas tuaj yeem nqa nws thiab tua hluav taws. Thawj qhov kev xav tau hloov pauv los ntawm kev yooj yim ncig lub dav hlau tiv thaiv lub ntsej muag, uas tau siv los ua thaub qab. Qhov kev hloov kho ntawm QF 40 mm Mark III tau dhau los ua tus qauv tub rog rau lub teeb phom tiv thaiv dav hlau. Rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau 40mm Askiv no muaj qhov pom zoo tshaj plaws ntawm tag nrho tsev neeg Bofors.
Txawm li cas los xij, thaum tso phom tsis nyob hauv txoj haujlwm ruaj khov, nws tau pom tias kev siv Kerrison cov cuab yeej hauv qee qhov xwm txheej tsis tuaj yeem ua tau tas li, thiab ntxiv rau, yuav tsum tau muab roj, uas tau siv los ua lub tshuab hluav taws xob. Vim li no, thaum tua, lawv feem ntau siv tsuas yog lub ntsej muag pom pom yam tsis tau siv lub hom phiaj sab nraud thiab suav cov kev txhim kho txhuas, uas txo qhov raug ntawm kev tua.
Raws li kev paub txog kev sib ntaus, cov cuab yeej yooj yim trapezoidal Stiffkey tau tsim hauv xyoo 1943, uas tau txav lub ntsej muag lub ntsej muag los qhia kev kho thaum tua thiab raug tswj los ntawm ib qho ntawm cov phom tua phom.
Cov neeg Askiv siv Bofors L60 los tsim SPAAGs tus lej. Cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau nrog qhib lub turret tau teeb tsa ntawm lub chassis ntawm Crusader tank. Cov phom tiv thaiv tus kheej no tau hu ua Crusader III AA Mark.
ZSU Crusader AA Mark III
Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau Askiv 40mm SPAAG yog Carrier SP 4x4 40mm AA 30cwt, tsim los ntawm kev teeb tsa phom tiv thaiv dav hlau ntawm lub chassis ntawm plaub lub log tsav Morris tsheb.
ZSU Carrier SP 4x4 40 mm AA 30cwt
Thaum muaj kev tawm tsam nyob rau sab qaum teb Africa, ntxiv rau lawv lub hom phiaj ncaj qha, Askiv 40-mm ZSU tau muab kev pab tua hluav taws rau cov tub rog thiab tau tawm tsam tiv thaiv cov tub rog German.
Tom qab lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm Holland xyoo 1940, ib feem ntawm Dutch lub dav hlau tau tawm mus rau tebchaws Askiv, thiab Askiv tau muaj lub sijhawm los paub ntxaws nrog Hazemeyer 40-mm naval kev teeb tsa, uas siv tib rab phom B60. Kev teeb tsa "Hazemeyer" tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev sib ntaus thiab kev ua haujlwm yam ntxwv los ntawm Askiv 40-mm "pom-poms" ntawm lub tuam txhab "Vickers".
Ntxaib 40-hli Hazemeyer kev teeb tsa
Xyoo 1942, UK tau pib nws tus kheej tsim cov kev teeb tsa ntawd. Tsis zoo li "av" phom tiv thaiv dav hlau, feem ntau ntawm 40-mm cov phom tub rog tau dej txias.
Tom qab Luftwaffe pib tua ntau heev nyob rau Askiv Isles, nws tau muab tawm tias muaj qhov sib txawv loj hauv lub tebchaws tiv thaiv huab cua. Qhov tseeb yog tias muaj qhov sib txawv hauv kab ntawm British phom tiv thaiv dav hlau. 40-mm Bofors L60 tau ua haujlwm tau zoo txog 4000 m, thiab rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau 94-mm pib ua rau muaj kev phom sij loj rau cov yeeb ncuab foob pob los ntawm qhov siab ntawm 5500-6000 m, nyob ntawm seb lub kaum sab xis. Cov neeg German paub qhov no sai heev, thiab yog li ntawd lawv tau foob pob los ntawm qhov siab ntawm 4500-5000 m.
Cov kws tshaj lij Askiv tau ua lub luag haujlwm tsim cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau nrog rau qhov hluav taws kub ntawm 100 ncig ib feeb hauv qhov hnyav 6 phaus (57 mm).
Vim qhov tseeb tias lub nkoj tseem xav kom muaj kev teeb tsa ntawm lub peev xwm no hauv kev pabcuam, txoj haujlwm tau qeeb heev. Nrog rab phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau npaj ua, qhov qeeb tau tshwm sim los ntawm kev tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm cov lej uas tsis sib xws
cov qauv tub rog. Cov neeg tsav nkoj xav tau kev qhia txog kev qhia hluav taws xob, ua kom muaj kev nrawm ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj los ntawm lub thawv thiab muaj peev xwm tua ntawm cov yeeb ncuab lub nkoj torpedo, uas ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm kev nqa phom tag nrho. Kev teeb tsa tau npaj tiav tsuas yog pib thaum xyoo 1944, thaum tsis muaj qhov xav tau tshwj xeeb rau nws.
