Kev tiv thaiv lub tank tiv thaiv tus kheej-propelled phom loj hauv tsev. Tshooj 1

Kev tiv thaiv lub tank tiv thaiv tus kheej-propelled phom loj hauv tsev. Tshooj 1
Kev tiv thaiv lub tank tiv thaiv tus kheej-propelled phom loj hauv tsev. Tshooj 1

Video: Kev tiv thaiv lub tank tiv thaiv tus kheej-propelled phom loj hauv tsev. Tshooj 1

Video: Kev tiv thaiv lub tank tiv thaiv tus kheej-propelled phom loj hauv tsev. Tshooj 1
Video: Saib Mis paub Poj niam (hluas nkauj) tus yam ntxwv lub siab 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
Anonim
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Ua ntej tsov rog hauv USSR, muaj kev sim ntau yam los tsim ntau yam kev siv phom loj rau tus kheej (ACS). Kaum ob ntawm cov phiaj xwm tau txiav txim siab, thiab cov qauv tsim tau tsim rau ntau ntawm lawv. Tab sis nws yeej tsis tuaj rau kev saws me nyuam. Qhov kev zam yog: 76-mm phom tiv thaiv dav hlau 29K ntawm lub tsheb ntawm YAG-10 lub tsheb (60 pcs.), ACS SU-12-76, 2-mm regimental cannon qauv 1927 ntawm lub chassis ntawm Morland lossis GAZ- AAA tsheb (99 pcs.)), ACS SU-5-2-122-mm howitzer kev teeb tsa ntawm T-26 chassis (30 pcs.)

Kev tiv thaiv lub tank tiv thaiv tus kheej-propelled phom loj hauv tsev. Tshooj 1
Kev tiv thaiv lub tank tiv thaiv tus kheej-propelled phom loj hauv tsev. Tshooj 1

SU-12 (raws li lub tsheb Morland)

Qhov txaus siab tshaj plaws hauv kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv lub tank yog SU-6 cov phom tua tus kheej ntawm lub chassis ntawm T-26 lub tank, uas tsis tau lees txais rau kev pabcuam, muaj riam phom 76-hli 3-K tiv thaiv lub dav hlau. Chav tsev tau sim nyob rau xyoo 1936. Cov tub rog tsis txaus siab tias kev suav ntawm SU-6 hauv txoj haujlwm khaws cia tsis haum rau ntawm ACS thiab cov neeg teeb lub raj xa hluav taws xob tau teeb tsa mus rau hauv lub tsheb thauj. Qhov no coj mus rau qhov tseeb tias SU-6 tau tshaj tawm tias tsis tsim nyog rau kev pab txhawb nqa cov kab tsheb raws li rab phom tiv thaiv tus kheej.

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UAS SU-6

Txawm hais tias qhov muaj peev xwm siv nws los tua cov tso tsheb hlau luam tsis tau txiav txim siab, cov phom uas siv lub zog nrog cov riam phom no tuaj yeem yog riam phom tiv thaiv zoo heev. Tua tawm los ntawm rab phom 3-K, BR-361 cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv riam phom, ntawm qhov deb li ntawm 1000 metres, nkag mus rau 82-mm armor raws qhov qub. Cov tso tsheb hlau luam nrog cov cuab yeej ua rog tau siv ntau los ntawm cov neeg German tsuas yog txij li xyoo 1943.

Hauv kev ncaj ncees, nws yuav tsum tau hais tias hauv tebchaws Ntsaws Mes Nis thaum lub sij hawm muaj kev txeeb chaw ntawm USSR, tseem tsis tau muaj cov phom tiv thaiv tus kheej tiv thaiv lub tank (PT rab phom tua tus kheej). Thawj cov qauv ntawm StuG III "Artshturm" cov phom tua tus kheej tau siv riam phom luv luv-75 mm thiab tsis muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv lub tank tseem ceeb.

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German SPG StuG III Ausf. G

Txawm li cas los xij, kev muaj lub tshuab ua tiav zoo hauv kev tsim khoom tau ua rau nws nyob rau lub sijhawm luv, los ntawm kev tsim cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv pem hauv ntej thiab txhim kho rab phom 75-mm nrog lub chim ntev ntawm 43 caliber, tig nws mus rau hauv kev tiv thaiv tank.

Hauv chav kawm ntawm kev sib ntaus thawj ntawm Great Patriotic War, lo lus nug ntawm qhov xav tau los txhim kho kev tiv thaiv lub tank tiv thaiv tus kheej-propelled phom loj muaj peev xwm hloov pauv sai sai thiab sib ntaus German lub tank tank, uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj li Red Army units nyob rau hauv nqe lus ntawm kev txav chaw, sawv sai.

Raws li qhov xwm txheej ceev, rab phom tiv thaiv lub tank 57-mm Qauv 1941, uas muaj kev nkag tau zoo tiv thaiv riam phom, tau teeb tsa ntawm lub chassis ntawm Komsomolets lub tsheb laij teb. Lub sijhawm ntawd, rab phom no tso siab rau txhua lub tank German ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua tiag.

PT ACS ZIS-30 yog lub teeb tiv thaiv lub tank teeb tsa ntawm hom qhib.

Cov neeg sib ntaus sib tua ntawm kev teeb tsa muaj tsib tus neeg. Cov cuab yeej siv lub tshuab sab saud tau teeb tsa nruab nrab ntawm lub tshuab lub cev. Cov kev taw qhia ntsug tau hloov pauv los ntawm -5 txog + 25 °, kab rov tav hauv ntu 30 °. Kev tua tau nqa tawm tsuas yog los ntawm qhov chaw. Kev ruaj ntseg ntawm chav ua haujlwm tus kheej thaum tua tau ua kom ntseeg tau nrog kev pab ntawm cov qhib qhov rooj nyob tom qab ntawm lub cev tsheb. Txog kev tiv thaiv tus kheej ntawm kev teeb tsa tus kheej, tus qauv 7, 62-hli DT tshuab rab phom tau siv, teeb tsa hauv pob sib koom ntawm sab xis ntawm daim ntawv pem hauv ntej ntawm lub dav hlau. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov neeg coob ntawm cov mos txwv thiab cov shrapnel, tau siv daim npog npog npog ntawm rab phom, uas muaj qhov khawm sab saud. Nyob rau sab laug ib nrab ntawm daim ntawv soj ntsuam muaj lub qhov rai tshwj xeeb, uas tau kaw los ntawm daim ntaub thaiv uas txav tau.

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PT ACS ZIS-30

Kev tsim cov ZIS-30 tau kav ntev li lub Cuaj Hli 21 txog rau Lub Kaum Hli 15, 1941. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, cov nroj tsuag tsim 101 lub tsheb nrog ZIS-2 rab phom (suav nrog lub tsheb tsim qauv) thiab ib qho kev teeb tsa nrog rab phom 45 hli. Kev tsim khoom txuas ntxiv tau raug tso tseg vim tias tsis muaj kev txiav tawm "Komsomoltsy" thiab txiav kev tsim cov phom 57-mm.

ZIS-30 phom tua tus kheej tau pib nkag rau pab tub rog thaum kawg lub Cuaj Hli 1941. Lawv tau muab roj teeb tiv thaiv lub tank ntawm 20 lub tub rog tub rog ntawm Sab Hnub Poob thiab Sab Qab Teb Sab Hnub Poob.

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Thaum siv qhov hnyav, rab phom tua tus kheej tau qhia ntau qhov tsis zoo, xws li kev ruaj ntseg tsis zoo, kev sib tsoo ntawm lub cev qis, kev caij nkoj me me, thiab cov mos txwv me me.

Txog thaum lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1942, tsis muaj ZIS-30 lub nkoj tua hluav taws tso tseg hauv pab tub rog. Qee lub tsheb tau poob hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua, thiab qee qhov tsis tau txiav txim rau cov laj thawj.

Txij li thaum Lub Ib Hlis 1943, cov khoom lag luam tsim los ntawm NA Astrov raws li T-70 lub teeb lub tank, tus kheej-propelled 76-mm SU-76 kev teeb tsa (tom qab Su-76M). Txawm hais tias lub teeb phom nws tus kheej tau siv ntau heev los tawm tsam cov yeeb ncuab tso tsheb hlau luam, nws tsis tuaj yeem suav tias yog tiv thaiv lub tank. Cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv SU-76 (lub hauv pliaj: 26-35 mm, sab thiab tawv: 10-16 mm) tiv thaiv cov neeg coob coob (4 tus neeg) los ntawm cov riam phom me me thiab phom loj.

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ACS SU-76M

Nrog siv kom raug, thiab qhov no tsis tuaj tam sim ntawd (ACS tsis yog lub tank), SU-76M ua tau zoo ob qho tib si hauv kev tiv thaiv-thaum tiv thaiv cov tub rog tawm tsam thiab zoo li txawb, tiv thaiv zoo tiv thaiv lub tank tso tseg, thiab hauv kev tawm tsam- thaum tiv thaiv lub zes tshuab rab phom, rhuav tshem lub tog raj kheej thiab bunkers, ntxiv rau hauv kev tawm tsam tiv thaiv tso tsheb hlau luam. Lub phom ZIS-3 tau muab tso rau ntawm lub tsheb tiv thaiv. Nws lub peev xwm me me los ntawm qhov deb ntawm 500 metres txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej mus txog 91 mm, uas yog, txhua qhov chaw hauv lub hull ntawm German nruab nrab tso tsheb hlau luam thiab ob sab ntawm "panther" thiab "tiger".

Hais txog cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev ua tub rog, SU-76M tau nyob ze rau SU-76I ACS, tsim los ntawm kev ntes German tso tsheb hlau luam Pz Kpfw III thiab ACS StuG III. Thaum xub thawj, nws tau npaj los teeb tsa hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm ACS 76, 2-mm ZIS-3Sh rab phom (Sh-kev ua phem), nws yog qhov kev hloov kho ntawm rab phom uas tau teeb tsa ntawm ntu ACS SU-76 thiab SU-76M ntawm lub tshuab txuas rau hauv pem teb, tab sis kev teeb tsa zoo li no tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb ntawm rab phom los ntawm cov mos txwv thiab rab phom, vim tias qhov qhib tsis tau tsim nyob hauv daim ntaub thaiv thaum nqa thiab tig phom. Qhov teeb meem no tau daws los ntawm kev teeb tsa tus kheej tshwj xeeb 76, rab phom 2-mm S-1 tsis txhob siv phom 76-mm faib. Cov phom no tau tsim raws li kev tsim ntawm F-34 lub tank phom, uas tau nruab nrog T-34 tso tsheb hlau luam.

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ACS SU-76I

Nrog tib lub zog tua hluav taws zoo li SU-76M, SU-76I yog qhov tsim nyog rau siv los tiv thaiv lub tank vim nws muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo dua. Pem hauv ntej ntawm lub hull muaj cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv phom loj nrog lub tuab ntawm 50 hli.

Kev tsim cov SU-76I thaum kawg tau tso tseg thaum kawg lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1943 hauv kev nyiam SU-76M, uas twb tau tshem tawm ntawm "mob thaum yau" los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd. Qhov kev txiav txim siab ncua kev tsim cov SU-76I tau cuam tshuam nrog kev txo tus naj npawb ntawm Pz Kpfw III tso tsheb hlau luam siv rau Sab Hnub Tuaj. Hauv qhov no, cov naj npawb ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam ntawm hom no poob qis. Tag nrho ntawm 201 SU-76I rab phom tua tus kheej tau tsim (suav nrog 1 sim thiab 20 tus thawj coj), uas tau koom nrog hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua xyoo 1943-44, tab sis vim muaj tus lej me me thiab nyuaj nrog cov khoom seem, lawv tau ploj mus sai Red Army.

Thawj qhov tshwj xeeb hauv kev tua lub tank uas muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua nrog rau tso tsheb hlau luam yog SU-85. Lub tsheb no tau nrov npe tshwj xeeb tom qab pom ntawm German PzKpfw VI "Tsov" lub tank ntawm tshav rog. Tus Tsov tus nees cov ris tsho tau tuab heev uas cov phom F-34 thiab ZIS-5 tau muab tso rau ntawm T-34 thiab KV-1 tuaj yeem hla nws nrog qhov nyuaj thiab tsuas yog nyob ntawm kev tua tus kheej nyob ze.

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Kev tua hluav taws tshwj xeeb ntawm lub tank German tau pom tias M-30 howitzer tau teeb tsa ntawm SU-122 muaj qhov tsis txaus ntawm qhov hluav taws kub thiab qis qis. Feem ntau, rau kev tua ntawm lub hom phiaj nrawm, nws tau hloov kho me ntsis, txawm hais tias nws muaj cov cuab yeej zoo nkag mus tom qab qhia cov mos txwv ntau ntxiv.

Los ntawm kev txiav txim los ntawm Lub Xeev Pawg Saib Xyuas Kev Ruaj Ntseg hnub tim 5 Lub Tsib Hlis 1943, lub chaw tsim khoom tsim los ntawm FF Petrov tau pib ua haujlwm ntawm kev teeb tsa rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau 85 hli ntawm SU-122 lub cev.

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Tank destroyer SU-85 nrog rab phom D-5S

D -5S rab phom ntev muaj qhov ntev ntawm 48.8 rab phom, qhov kev tua hluav taws ncaj qha mus txog 3.8 km, qhov siab tshaj plaws tuaj yeem ua tau - 13.6 km. Qhov ntau ntawm cov ces kaum nce los ntawm −5 ° txog + 25 °, txoj haujlwm tua kab rov tav tau txwv rau ± 10 ° los ntawm txoj kab uas hla ntawm lub tsheb. Cov mos txwv thauj khoom ntawm rab phom yog 48 puag ncig ntawm kev thauj khoom ib leeg.

Raws li Soviet cov ntaub ntawv, 85-mm armor-piercing projectile BR-365 ib txwm thooj ib daim phaj hlau 111 mm tuab ntawm qhov deb li ntawm 500 m, thiab 102 mm tuab ntawm ob zaug ntawm qhov nrug nyob hauv tib qhov xwm txheej. Sub-caliber projectile BR-365P ntawm qhov deb ntawm 500 m raws qhov ib txwm tau tho cov phom phom 140 mm tuab.

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Qhov chaw tswj hwm, lub cav thiab kev xa mus, tseem zoo ib yam li lub T-34 lub tank, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm nrhiav neeg ua haujlwm rau cov tsheb tshiab xyaum yam tsis tau rov kawm dua. Rau tus thawj coj, lub npog ntsej muag tiv thaiv nrog cov prismatic thiab cov cuab yeej periscopic tau txuas rau hauv lub ru tsev ntawm lub log. Ntawm SPGs ntawm kev tshaj tawm tom qab, lub npog ntsej muag tau hloov pauv nrog tus thawj coj lub khob, zoo li T-34 lub tank.

Kev teeb tsa dav dav ntawm lub tsheb zoo ib yam li kev teeb tsa ntawm SU-122, qhov sib txawv tsuas yog nyob hauv cov cuab yeej ua rog. Kev nyab xeeb ntawm SU-85 zoo ib yam li T-34.

Cov tsheb ntawm cov khoom lag luam no tau tsim ntawm Uralmash txij lub Yim Hli 1943 txog rau Lub Xya Hli 1944, tag nrho ntawm 2,337 rab phom tua tus kheej. Tom qab kev txhim kho ntawm cov phom SU-100 uas muaj zog dua vim yog ncua kev tso tawm ntawm 100-mm armor-piercing shells thiab txiav tawm ntawm kev tsim cov hneev hneev rau SU-85 txij lub Cuaj Hli mus txog Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1944, kev hloov pauv ntawm SU-85M tau tsim. Qhov tseeb, nws yog SU-100 nrog 85 mm D-5S phom loj. Kev hloov kho tshiab SU-85M txawv ntawm qhov qub ntawm SU-85 hauv cov cuab yeej muaj zog pem hauv ntej thiab ua rau cov mos txwv ntau ntxiv. Tag nrho ntawm 315 ntawm cov tshuab no tau tsim.

Ua tsaug rau kev siv lub nkoj SU-122, nws muaj peev xwm tsim tau sai heev tsim cov khoom loj ntawm lub tank destroyer ACS SU-85. Ua hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam, lawv tau txhawb nqa peb cov tub rog nrog hluav taws, tsoo German cov tub rog tiv thaiv tsheb los ntawm qhov deb ntawm 800-1000 m. lub caij nplooj zeeg-caij ntuj no sib ntaus sib tua hauv Txoj Cai-Bank Ukraine. Tsuas yog ob peb KV-85 thiab IS-1, ua ntej pom T-34-85 tso tsheb hlau luam, tsuas yog SU-85 tuaj yeem tua cov yeeb ncuab nruab nrab ntawm cov yeeb ncuab ntawm kev deb ntau dua li ib mais. Thiab ntawm qhov kev ncua deb luv luv thiab nkag mus rau pem hauv ntej cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam hnyav. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, twb yog thawj lub hlis ntawm kev siv SU-85 pom tias lub zog ntawm nws rab phom tsis txaus los tawm tsam cov yeeb ncuab hnyav tso tsheb hlau luam, xws li Panther thiab Tsov, uas, muaj qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev tua hluav taws thiab tiv thaiv, ib yam. raws li lub hom phiaj muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, yuam kev sib ntaus sib tua los ntawm kev deb.

Ua hauv nruab nrab xyoo 1943, SU-152 thiab tom qab ISU-122 thiab ISU-152 tsoo txhua lub tank German thaum muaj kev tsoo. Tab sis rau kev sib ntaus tawm tsam cov tso tsheb hlau luam, vim tias lawv tus nqi siab, ntau thiab tsis muaj hluav taws tsawg, lawv tsis haum.

Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm cov tsheb no yog kev puas tsuaj ntawm kev tiv thaiv thiab kev tsim vaj tsev thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev txhawb nqa hluav taws rau cov chav ua ntej.

Hauv nruab nrab-1944, nyob rau hauv kev coj noj coj ua ntawm F. F. Cannon D-10S mod. 1944 (qhov ntsuas "C" - tus kheej -txhawb nqa version), muaj lub thoob ntev ntawm 56 calibers. Ib rab phom-tho qhov projectile ntawm rab phom los ntawm qhov deb ntawm 2000 metres tsoo lub tsho tiv no nrog tuab ntawm 124 hli. Lub foob pob tawg tawg tawg hnyav hnyav 16 kg ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo rau kev ua haujlwm rau tib neeg thiab rhuav tshem cov yeeb ncuab tiv thaiv.

Siv riam phom no thiab lub hauv paus ntawm T-34-85 lub tank, Uralmash tus tsim qauv tau tsim sai sai rau SU-100 lub nkoj tua hluav taws-qhov zoo tshaj tiv thaiv lub tank phom tua tus kheej ntawm Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob. Piv rau T-34, cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv pem hauv ntej tau txhawb ntxiv rau 75 hli.

Cov phom tau teeb tsa nyob rau sab xub ntiag ntawm lub txee hauv lub thav duab thav duab ntawm ob tus pin, uas tso cai rau nws coj mus rau hauv lub dav hlau ntsug hauv thaj tsam ntawm −3 txog + 20 ° thiab hauv kab rov tav dav hlau ± 8 °. Kev taw qhia tau ua tiav siv cov txheej txheem-hom phau ntawv nqa lub tshuab thiab cov ntsia hlau-hom teb tshuab. Cov mos txwv thauj khoom ntawm rab phom suav nrog 33 qhov kev sib sau ua ke, nyob hauv tsib lub tsev khaws khoom hauv lub log tsheb.

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SU-100 muaj lub zog tua hluav taws tshwj xeeb rau nws lub sijhawm thiab muaj peev xwm sib ntaus sib tua txhua hom kev ua tsov rog ntawm txhua lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tua hluav taws.

Kev tsim khoom ntau ntawm SU-100 tau pib ntawm Uralmash thaum lub Cuaj Hlis 1944. Txog thaum Lub Tsib Hlis 1945, cov nroj tsuag tau tsim los tsim ntau dua 2,000 ntawm cov tshuab no. SU-100 tau tsim tawm ntawm Uralmash tsawg kawg kom txog thaum Lub Peb Hlis 1946. Omsk Plant No. 174 tsim 198 SU-100s xyoo 1947, thiab 6 ntxiv thaum pib xyoo 1948, ua rau tag nrho 204 lub tsheb. Kev tsim cov SU-100 nyob rau lub sijhawm tom qab ua tsov rog kuj tseem tau tsim nyob hauv Czechoslovakia, qhov twg xyoo 1951-1956 lwm 1420 rab phom tua tus kheej ntawm hom no tau tso tawm hauv daim ntawv tso cai.

Hauv xyoo ua tsov rog, ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm SU-100 tau hloov kho tshiab. Lawv tau nruab nrog cov cuab yeej soj ntsuam hmo ntuj thiab pom kev, tua hluav taws tshiab thiab cov cuab yeej siv xov tooj cua. Kev ntim cov mos txwv tau ntxiv nrog kev txhaj tshuaj nrog UBR-41D uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv pob zeb nrog kev tiv thaiv thiab cov lus qhia foob pob, thiab tom qab ntawd nrog subcaliber thiab tsis sib tsoo qhov projectiles. Tus qauv mos txwv ntawm cov phom tua tus kheej hauv xyoo 1960 suav nrog 16 qhov tawg tawg tawg tawg, 10 rab riam phom thiab 7 lub foob pob tawg.

Muaj ib lub hauv paus nrog T-34 lub tank, SU-100 tau nthuav dav thoob plaws ntiaj teb, tau lees paub hauv kev pabcuam hauv ntau dua 20 lub tebchaws, lawv tau nquag siv hauv ntau qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb. Hauv ntau lub tebchaws, lawv tseem ua haujlwm.

Hauv tebchaws Russia, SU-100 tuaj yeem pom "hauv kev khaws cia" txog rau thaum kawg ntawm 90s.

Pom zoo: