Tua Soviet rab phom tiv thaiv lub tank hauv German Cov Tub Rog thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II

Cov txheej txheem:

Tua Soviet rab phom tiv thaiv lub tank hauv German Cov Tub Rog thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II
Tua Soviet rab phom tiv thaiv lub tank hauv German Cov Tub Rog thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II

Video: Tua Soviet rab phom tiv thaiv lub tank hauv German Cov Tub Rog thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II

Video: Tua Soviet rab phom tiv thaiv lub tank hauv German Cov Tub Rog thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II
Video: xov xwm tshiab 17/06/2023 mus coj menyuam los tu txog tog kev tsheb poob qab ke tuag 2 tug poj niam 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
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Tua Soviet rab phom tiv thaiv lub tank hauv German Cov Tub Rog thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II
Tua Soviet rab phom tiv thaiv lub tank hauv German Cov Tub Rog thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II

Tau ntes cov phom loj tiv thaiv lub tank hauv Cov Tub Rog German … Thaum muaj kev tawm tsam tawm tsam USSR, Cov tub rog German tau ntes ntau txhiab rab phom loj uas tsim nyog rau sib ntaus sib tua. Feem ntau ntawm cov khoom plig tau txais hauv 1941-1942, thaum cov tub rog Soviet tau koom nrog kev tiv thaiv hnyav.

45-mm cannon qauv 1932, 1934 thiab 1937

Txog thaum lub sijhawm German tawm tsam Soviet Union, lub phom loj tiv thaiv lub tank ntawm Red Army yog rab phom 45-mm ntawm xyoo 1932, 1934 thiab 1937. Cov phom loj ntawm 1932 tus qauv (19-K) tau tsim los ntawm 37-hli phom tiv thaiv lub tank ntawm 1930 tus qauv (1-K), uas, nyeg, tau tsim los ntawm German tuam txhab Rheinmetall-Borsig AG thiab muaj ntau yam zoo sib xws nrog rab phom tiv thaiv lub tank 3. 7 cm Pak 35/36. Qhov kawg ntawm xyoo 1931, cov kws tsim khoom ntawm Kalinin Plant No. 8 hauv Mytishchi ze Moscow tau teeb tsa lub pob 45-mm tshiab hauv lub thawv ntawm rab phom tiv thaiv 37-mm ntawm xyoo 1930 thiab txhawb nqa lub tsheb thauj khoom. Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb rau kev nce lub peev xwm ntawm rab phom los ntawm 37 txog 45 mm yog lub siab xav ua kom qhov hnyav ntawm cov khoom tawg tawg tawg, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo dua cuam tshuam nrog cov yeeb ncuab lub zog thiab rhuav tshem lub zog tiv thaiv lub teeb.

Thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom, tau hloov pauv qhov tsim ntawm rab phom: ntsia liaj qhov rooj thiab pom kev raug hloov pauv, cov log ntoo tau hloov los ntawm lub log los ntawm GAZ-A lub tsheb ntawm lub log tsheb pneumatic, thiab txoj kev taw qhia kab rov tav tau zoo dua. Qhov kev hloov pauv hloov no hu ua 1934 45mm phom tiv thaiv lub tank.

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Duab

Cov phom loj ntawm 1937 tus qauv (53-K) tau hloov kho ib nrab tsis siv neeg, lub laub khawm ua haujlwm, lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav-lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav raug tshem tawm, cov log tsis tiv taus cov mos txwv nrog cov roj hmab daim txhuam cev ntawm cov hlau tsis siv hlau, thiab tau hloov pauv mus rau kev tsim tshuab ntawm lub tshuab. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv cov duab ntawm lub sijhawm ua rog koj tuaj yeem pom cov phom phom. Xyoo 1937 ob qho tib si ntawm cov log uas hais thiab cov log hlau. Tsis ntev ua ntej pib ua tsov rog, kev tsim cov phom 45-mm raug txwv, cov tub rog tau txaus txaus nrog "plaub caug tsib" thiab cov thawj coj tub rog ntseeg tias nyob rau yav tom ntej kev ua tsov rog, yuav tsum muaj phom tiv thaiv lub tank loj dua.

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Duab

Txog rau xyoo 1930s, 45-mm 53-K rab phom yog rab phom tiv thaiv niaj hnub no, muaj cov cuab yeej zoo nkag mus thiab siv tau qhov hnyav thiab cov yam ntxwv zoo. Nrog rau qhov hnyav hauv txoj haujlwm sib ntaus ntawm 560 kg, kev suav ntawm tsib tus neeg tuaj yeem yob nws hla qhov luv kom hloov txoj haujlwm. Qhov siab ntawm rab phom yog 1200 hli, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua kom zoo camouflage. Ntsug taw qhia kaum: ntawm -8 ° txog 25 °. Kab rov tav: 60 °. Nrog lub thoob ntev ntawm 2070 mm, thawj qhov nrawm ntawm rab phom-tho qhov projectile hnyav 1, 43 kg yog 760 m / s. Ntawm qhov deb ntawm 500 m, lub foob pob ua ntxaij foob pob hluav taws tau hle 43-mm cov cuab yeej thaum lub sijhawm ntsuas ib txwm muaj. Cov mos txwv tseem suav nrog kev txhaj tshuaj nrog cov foob pob tawg tawg thiab cov pob tawg. Tus nqi hluav taws ntawm rab phom 45 mm kuj tseem nyob ntawm qhov siab - 15-20 rds / min.

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm rab phom ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua tiav kev sib ntaus ntawm txhua qhov kev npaj rau tua hluav taws nrog cov tsheb tiv thaiv tiv thaiv los ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv mos txwv. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum lub caij sib ntaus sib tua lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1941, nws tau hloov pauv tias 45-mm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv phom zoo li feem ntau tsis ua kom muaj kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam nrog cov cuab yeej tuab ntawm 30 hli lossis ntau dua. Vim yog kev kho cua sov tsis raug, kwv yees li 50% ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv cov phom tawg thaum lawv ntsib cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv, tsis nkag mus rau nws. Thaum lub sij hawm tswj kev tua, nws tau muab tawm tias qhov txiaj ntsig tiag ntawm cov cuab yeej nkag mus rau ntawm cov khoom puas yog kwv yees li ib thiab ib nrab zaug tsawg dua li qhov tshaj tawm. Ua raws li qhov tseeb tias los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm xyoo 1941 Cov neeg German tau pib siv cov tso tsheb hlau luam ntau thiab cov phom loj rau tus kheej nrog 50 hli tuab tuab txheej tiv thaiv pem hauv ntej ntawm Sab Hnub Poob, qhov tsis txaus siv cov cuab yeej nkag los ntawm 45-hli phom tiv thaiv phom feem ntau coj mus rau qhov poob hnyav thiab ua rau kev ntseeg hauv lawv ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm.

Txhawm rau tswj kev tshaj tawm cov cuab yeej nkag mus, yuav tsum ntsuas nruj rau kev tswj hwm thev naus laus zis ntawm kev lag luam ntawm Cov Neeg Commissariat ntawm Cov mos txwv. Raws li kev ntes cov mos txwv, xyoo 1943, 53-BR-240P reel-shaped sub-caliber armor-piercing tracer projectile tau tsim thiab muab tso rau hauv cov khoom lag luam, uas nyob deb li ntawm 500 m muaj qhov nce ntawm kev nkag mus rau cov cuab yeej. los ntawm kwv yees li 30% piv rau qhov muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv rab phom loj. Cov phom subcaliber tau pib nkag mus rau cov tub rog nyob hauv ib nrab ntawm xyoo 1943 thiab tau muab tawm ib tus zuj zus raws li tus kheej lub luag haujlwm ntawm tus thawj coj phom. Cov teeb meem nyuaj hauv kev muab cov khoom siv raw rau kev tsim cov mos txwv subcaliber, nrog rau kev ua tau zoo ntawm lawv siv tsuas yog thaum tua ntawm qhov deb txog li 500 m, txwv kev siv dav ntawm cov foob pob. Kev tsim cov khoom loj ntawm cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob nrawm nrawm tau muaj teeb meem vim qhov tsis txaus ntawm molybdenum, tungsten thiab cobalt. Cov hlau no tau siv los ua cov khoom sib ntxiv hauv kev tsim cov hlau ua hlau thiab cov cuab yeej nyuaj. Kev sim tsim cov phiaj xwm qis-qis nrog cov cores ntawm cov pa roj carbon siab zoo nrog vanadium tsis ua tiav. Thaum lub sijhawm ntsuas, cov cores zoo li dents ntawm cov cuab yeej, tawg mus rau hauv cov khoom me me yam tsis tawg.

Ib qhov xov tooj hais tias txij li Lub Rau Hli 22, 1941, Cov Tub Rog Liab tau ua tub rog nrog 16,621 daim ntawm rab phom 45-mm ntawm txhua hom. Hauv cov cheeb tsam ciam teb (Baltic, Western, South-Western, Leningrad thiab Odessa) muaj 7,520 ntawm lawv. Kev tsim cov phom no txuas ntxiv tom qab pib Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj txog thaum xyoo 1943, lub sijhawm ntawd ntau dua 37,000 chav nyob tau tsim. Raws li cov neeg ua haujlwm ua ntej kev ua tsov rog, txhua tus tub rog phom yuav tsum muaj cov tub rog tiv thaiv lub tank nrog ob rab phom 45-mm, rab phom phom yuav tsum muaj lub phom phom rau. Qhov tshwj tseg ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm phom yog qhov sib cais tiv thaiv lub tank - 18 phom. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, kev faib phom yuav tsum muaj 54 rab phom tiv thaiv lub tank, cov neeg ua haujlwm kho tshuab-36. Raws li cov neeg ua haujlwm rooj tau saws thaum Lub Xya Hli 29, 1941, cov tub rog tua phom tsis muaj phom tiv thaiv lub tank, thiab lawv tsuas tshuav ntawm qib kev tswj hwm hauv kev tiv thaiv lub tank tua hluav taws roj teeb hauv qhov nyiaj ntawm 6 daim.

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Duab

Ntawm pawg tub rog thiab qib tswj hwm, 45 mm phom tau rub los ntawm pab pawg nees. Tsuas yog hauv PTO faib, los ntawm lub xeev, tau muab cov tshuab siv zog - 21 lub teeb pom kev tsheb laij teb "Komsomolets". Feem ntau, yam uas nyob ntawm tes tau siv thauj cov phom. Vim tias tsis muaj cov tsheb laij teb taug qab, GAZ-AA thiab ZIS-5 cov tsheb thauj khoom feem ntau siv, uas tsis muaj qhov xav tau hla lub tebchaws muaj peev xwm thaum tsav tsheb ntawm txoj kev tsis zoo. Ib qho teeb meem rau kev qhia txog kev siv lub tshuab ua haujlwm kuj tseem tsis muaj qhov raug tshem tawm thaum ntxov 45 mm rab phom. Kwv yees li 7000 rab phom, muaj nyob hauv pab tub rog, tseem tsis tau raug tshem tawm thiab nrog rab phom nqa ntawm lub log ntoo.

Hauv kev tsis meej pem ntawm thawj lub hlis ntawm kev ua tsov rog, Red Army poob ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm nws cov phom loj tiv thaiv lub tank. Txog thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1941, Cov tub rog German tau nyob ntawm lawv qhov pov tseg ntau txhiab txhiab rab phom 45 mm thiab cov mos txwv loj rau lawv.

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Duab

Ntau rab phom raug ntes hauv cov chaw ua si phom loj, lossis thaum lub Peb Hlis, ua ntej lawv muaj sijhawm los koom nrog. Wehrmacht tau muab lub npe 4, 5-cm Pak 184 (r) rau Soviet rab phom 45-mm.

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Duab

Muaj cov lej tseem ceeb ntawm cov duab hauv lub network uas cov tub rog German raug ntes tom ntej kom ntes rab phom 45-mm. Tab sis thaum npaj cov ntawv tshaj tawm no, nws tsis muaj peev xwm nrhiav tau cov ntaub ntawv ntseeg tau tias 4, 5-cm Pak 184 (r) nkag mus rau hauv kev rhuav tshem lub tank.

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Duab

Pom tau tias, feem ntau ntawm cov phom 45 mm raug siv ntau dhau ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm muaj. Pom tau tias, Cov neeg German nyob rau thawj lub sijhawm ua tsov rog tsis txaus siab rau kev tiv thaiv lub peev xwm ntawm "plaub caug tsib" vim qhov loj feem ntawm cov cuab yeej ua tsis zoo-tho pob zeb. Nws kuj tseem yuav tsum nkag siab tias txawm tias qhov zoo li 45-hli cov cuab yeej ua rau lub pob zeb zoo li tsis muaj txiaj ntsig tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej ua ntej ntawm T-34, thiab hnyav KV-1s tau siv tsis tau los ntawm txhua sab.

Hauv qhov no, ntes tau 45-mm rab phom ntau dua raug rho tawm nrog kev txhaj tshuaj tawg, muab kev pab tua hluav taws rau cov tub rog. Hauv thawj lub sijhawm ntawm kev ua phem rau hauv USSR, raug ntes "plaub caug-tsib" feem ntau nyob ntawm cov tsheb thauj khoom raws li ib feem ntawm kev thauj cov tsheb thauj mus los, thaum muaj kev tawm tsam kev tawm tsam los ntawm cov tub rog Soviet uas nyob ib puag ncig thiab cov neeg tawg rog hla. Ntau rab phom 4, 5-cm Pak 184 (r) tau nyob hauv tub ceev xwm, lawv tseem raug xa mus rau Finland. Xyoo 1944, Asmeskas cov tub rog uas tau tsaws hauv Normandy pom ntau tus "magpies" tau teeb tsa hauv lub zog tiv thaiv ntawm phab ntsa Atlantic.

45-mm anti-tank phom qauv 1942 (M-42)

Xyoo 1942, vim tsis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam nrog cov phom tiv thaiv phom loj, 45-mm rab phom ntawm 1937 tus qauv tau hloov kho tshiab, tom qab ntawd nws tau txais lub npe "45-mm tiv thaiv lub tank phom ntawm 1942 tus qauv (M-42)) ". Kev hloov kho tshiab niaj hnub no suav nrog ua kom ntev lub thoob los ntawm 2070 txog 3087 hli, nrog rau kev nce hmoov sib xyaw ua ke, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm nce qhov pib nrawm ntawm cov cuab yeej-tho qhov projectile mus rau 870 m / s. Ntawm qhov deb li ntawm 500 m, cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv phom sij feem ntau nkag mus rau 61 mm ntawm cov cuab yeej ua rog. Nrog kev ncua deb ntawm 350 m, lub foob pob hluav taws tuaj yeem nkag mus rau sab caj npab ntawm hnyav Pz. Kpfw. VI Ausf. H1 lub tank nrog tuab ntawm 82 hli. Ntxiv nrog rau kev nce cov cuab yeej nkag mus thaum lub sijhawm hloov kho tshiab, ntau qhov kev ntsuas thev naus laus zis tau coj los ua kom yooj yim tsim khoom ntau. Rau kev tiv thaiv zoo dua ntawm cov neeg coob los ntawm cov phom phom-phom rab phom thiab cov tawg loj, qhov tuab ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv ntawm daim npog npog tau nce los ntawm 4.5 mm txog 7 mm. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm txhua qhov kev hloov pauv, qhov hnyav ntawm cov phom niaj hnub hauv qhov chaw tua tau nce mus rau 625 kg. Txawm li cas los xij, rab phom tseem tuaj yeem rub los ntawm cov neeg coob.

Txawm hais tias nyob rau hauv ib nrab ntawm kev ua tsov rog, vim muaj kev tiv thaiv ntau ntxiv ntawm German tso tsheb hlau luam, M-42 rab phom tiv thaiv lub tank tsis tau ua tiav raws li qhov xav tau, vim tias tus nqi tsim khoom qis, muaj kev txav tau zoo thiab yooj yim camouflage ntawm qhov tua. txoj haujlwm, nws siv txuas ntxiv mus txog thaum kawg kev tawm tsam … Txij xyoo 1942 txog 1946, cov tuam txhab ntawm Cov Neeg Commissariat of Armament tau xa 11,156 daim ntawv.

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Duab

Piv rau rab phom 45-hli ntawm kev tso ua ntej tsov rog M-42, cov yeeb ncuab ntes tau tsawg dua. Qhov tseeb pes tsawg rab phom mod. Xyoo 1942, uas tau xaus rau ntawm cov neeg German, tsis paub, feem ntau yuav yog, peb tuaj yeem tham txog ntau pua chav nyob. Txawm hais tias M-42 tau txais lub npe 4, 5-cm Pak 186 (r) hauv Wehrmacht, tsis muaj xov xwm hais txog kev siv nws tuaj yeem pom. Tab sis coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov tseeb tias kev nkag mus rau cov cuab yeej ntawm rab phom 45-mm niaj hnub tau nce ntau, thiab cov tub rog German nyob rau Sab Hnub Tuaj tau ib txwm muaj qhov tsis txaus ntawm cov phom loj tiv thaiv lub tank, nrog qib siab ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm nws tuaj yeem xav tau. tias qhov ntes 4, 5-cm Pak 186 (r) tuaj yeem ntxiv dag zog rau cov tub rog nyob hauv cov haujlwm thib ob ntawm pem hauv ntej thiab siv lawv hauv cov chaw muaj zog. Cov naj npawb ntawm 45-mm rab phom tau siv rau lawv lub hom phiaj los ntawm cov tub rog Romanian kom txog thaum xyoo 1944. Qee rab phom tau teeb tsa los ntawm cov neeg Romanians ntawm cov chassis taug qab.

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Duab

Ua ke nrog rab phom 45-mm, cov yeeb ncuab tau ntes ntau pua lub teeb taug kev tsheb laij teb T-20 "Komsomolets", tiv thaiv los ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv mos txwv. Hauv Wehrmacht, "Komsomols" tau txais lub npe Gepanzerter Artillerie Schlepper 630 (r).

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Duab

Raws li "Komsomolets" hauv German kev qhia ua haujlwm kho lub tank pem hauv ntej, kev tsim kho lub foob pob hluav taws raug tsim tawm 3, 7 cm PaK auf gep Artillerie Schlepper 630 (r) nrog rab phom tiv thaiv 37-hli 3, 7 cm Pak 35/36 ib. Cov naj npawb ntawm cov phom uas tau tsim los ntawm Komsomolets chassis tsis paub, tab sis muaj peev xwm tias qee lub tsheb tau ua tub rog nrog ntes rab phom 45-mm.

57-mm phom tiv thaiv lub tank ZiS-2

Cov phom loj 57-mm ZiS-2 tau tsim nyog tau txais lub npe ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws Soviet rab phom loj tiv thaiv lub tank siv hauv Kev Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II. Kev tsim cov phom no yog cov lus teb rau cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev tsim qauv hauv Tebchaws Yelemees ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau hnyav nrog tiv thaiv phom loj. Kev tsim cov phom loj raws li lub npe "57-mm anti-tank gun model 1941" tau pib rau lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1941. Ntau qhov chaw hais tias rab phom tiv thaiv lub tank 57mm tau thim rov qab los ntawm koob thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1941 vim "muaj zog dhau". Xav txog tias 45 mm phom tiv thaiv lub tank xyoo 1941 tuaj yeem tsis tuaj yeem nkag mus rau pem hauv ntej cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv ntawm German PzIII thiab PzKpfw IV nruab nrab tso tsheb hlau luam, cov lus no zoo li coj txawv txawv. Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb rau kev ncua ntawm kev tsim cov phom 57-mm yog qhov teeb meem tsim cov phom ntev. Vim tias kev poob qis hauv kev coj noj coj ua tshwm sim los ntawm kev nyuaj ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog thiab tsis muaj lub tshuab tshwj xeeb cov cuab yeej ua si, Soviet kev lag luam tsis tuaj yeem teeb tsa cov phom loj ntawm 57-mm hauv thawj lub sijhawm ua tsov rog. Piv rau yav dhau los tsim cov phom 45-mm, rab phom 57-mm tau txawv los ntawm kev tsim qauv nyuaj, thiab vim li ntawd, thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1941, Cov Neeg Sawv Cev ntawm Armaments txiav txim siab ncua kev tsim cov phom tiv thaiv lub tank nrog qhov ua tau zoo. cov yam ntxwv hauv kev nyiam ntawm kev tsim khoom loj ntawm kev paub zoo 45-hli tiv thaiv lub tank thiab 76 -mm phom sib faib.

Raws li ntau qhov chaw, tus naj npawb ntawm 57 mm phom raug rho tawm txij Lub Rau Hli mus txog Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1941 yog los ntawm 250 txog 370 units. Tej zaum, tag nrho yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus as khauj ntawm ZiS-4 rab phom uas npaj rau tso tsheb hlau luam. Txawm hais tias lawv muaj tus lej me me, cov phom ntev tiv thaiv lub tank ua tau zoo. Lawv nkag mus rau hauv kev tawm tsam tiv thaiv lub tank ntawm kev faib phom thiab cov tub rog, lossis tiv thaiv tiv thaiv lub tank ntawm RGK. Kev faib faib muaj 3 lub roj teeb ntawm 4 rab phom txhua - 12 rab phom tag nrho. Hauv kev tiv thaiv lub tank: ntawm 16 txog 24 phom.

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Duab

Siv rab phom loj 57-mm ntawm lub chassis ntawm T-20 "Komsomolets" lub tsheb laij teb, 100 lub teeb tiv thaiv lub tank tus kheej-propelled units ZiS-30 tau tsim. Cov neeg tsim khoom tau coj txoj hauv kev yooj yim tshaj plaws los ntawm kev txhim kho ntu viav vias ntawm rab phom tiv thaiv lub taub hau 57-mm nrog tus txheej txheem tiv thaiv ntawm lub ru tsev ntawm lub tsheb laij teb loj. Cov cuab yeej siv lub tshuab sab saud tau teeb tsa nruab nrab ntawm lub tshuab lub cev. Cov kev taw qhia ntsug tau hloov pauv ntawm -5 txog + 25 °, kab rov tav hauv 60 ° ntu. Kev tua tau nqa tawm tsuas yog los ntawm qhov chaw. Kev ruaj ntseg ntawm chav ua haujlwm tus kheej thaum tua tau ua kom ntseeg tau nrog kev pab ntawm cov qhib qhov rooj nyob tom qab ntawm lub cev tsheb. Cov neeg sib ntaus sib tua ntawm kev teeb tsa muaj tsib tus neeg.

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Duab

Cov phom tiv thaiv tus kheej tau pib nkag mus rau cov tub rog thaum kawg lub Cuaj Hli 1941. Txhua tus ntawm lawv tau mus tua cov roj teeb tiv thaiv lub tank hauv cov tub rog tub rog ntawm Sab Hnub Poob thiab Sab Qab Teb Hnub Poob. Lub nkoj rhuav tshem 57-hli, thaum ua haujlwm los ntawm txoj haujlwm npaj ua ntej, tso siab rau txhua tus yeeb ncuab tiv thaiv lub tsheb ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua tiag. Txawm li cas los xij, nrog kev ua haujlwm ntev dua, cov phom tua tus kheej tau qhia ntau yam tsis zoo. Qhov qis qis ntawm Komsomolets tsheb laij teb tau hnyav dhau thiab feem ntau tsis ua haujlwm. Cov neeg ua haujlwm yws yws txog cov duab silhouette siab dhau, uas ua rau muaj kev ruaj ntseg tsis zoo thaum tua thiab ua rau camouflage nyuaj. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev tsis txaus siab tau tshwm sim los ntawm: lub hwj chim me me cia, thauj me me mos txwv thauj khoom thiab kev nyab xeeb tsis zoo. Txog lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1942, yuav luag txhua ZiS-30s tau ploj hauv kev sib ntaus lossis tsis raug vim yog kev tawg.

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Duab

Txawm hais tias ZiS-30 tiv thaiv lub tank phom tua tus kheej sai sai ntawm qhov chaw, txij li Lub Rau Hli 1, 1943, tseem muaj 34 57-mm phom mod. Xyoo 1941, txo qis rau cov tub rog tiv thaiv lub tank. Cov phom txuas ntxiv mus tau siv rau hauv kev ua phem, uas tau lees paub los ntawm cov lus hais ntawm kev siv cov mos txwv. Yog li, rau tag nrho 1942, ntau dua 50,000 57-mm lub plhaub tau raug tua ntawm tus yeeb ncuab.

Tom qab pom cov yeeb ncuab hnyav tso tsheb hlau luam "Tsov" thiab "Panther", nrog rau kev ntxiv dag zog rau pem hauv ntej cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv ntawm nruab nrab "plaub" thiab cov phom tua tus kheej tau tsim los ntawm lawv lub hauv paus rau 80 hli, cov lus nug ntawm kev nce ntxiv kev ua tub rog nkag mus rau ntawm cov phom loj tiv thaiv lub tank tau tshwm sim sai hauv Cov Tub Rog Liab. Hauv qhov no, thaum lub Tsib Hlis 1943, tau rov tsim cov phom 57-hli. Cannons mod. 1943 (ZiS-2) sib txawv los ntawm arr. 1941 kev tsim khoom zoo dua ntawm kev tsim khoom, cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb tseem zoo ib yam.

Kev rov pib siv rab phom 57-mm rau hauv koob tsis yooj yim, thawj ZiS-2 tau tsim los siv rov qab khaws cia txij li xyoo 1941. Kev tsim cov phom loj rau ZiS-2 tsuas yog ua tau tom qab 6 lub hlis-thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1943, tom qab ua haujlwm tshiab ntawm Asmeskas cov tshuab hlau ua haujlwm tau txais hauv qab qiv-Xaus.

Cov phom ZiS-2 xyoo 1943 tau nkag mus rau hauv cov tub rog tiv thaiv lub tank loj, uas yog tshwj xeeb tiv thaiv lub tank tshwj xeeb-20 phom rau ib pab tub rog. Qhov kawg ntawm xyoo 1944, kev sib tawm tsam tiv thaiv lub tank ntawm Kev Tiv Thaiv Kev Tiv Thaiv Cov Phom Phom - 12 rab phom - tau pib ua rog nrog rab phom 57 -mm. Feem ntau, qiv-qiv-muab Dodge WC-51 cov tsheb tawm ntawm txoj kev thiab Studebaker US6 txhua lub tsheb tsav tsheb tau siv los rub phom. Yog tias tsim nyog, kev siv nees nrog rau tus nees kuj tseem siv tau. Kev rub lub nrawm ntawm txoj kev zoo tau nce mus txog 15 km / h thaum siv lub zog rub tus nees, thiab mus txog 60 km / h thaum siv lub zog siv zog. Qhov hnyav ntawm rab phom hauv qhov chaw tua yog 1050 kg. Lub thoob qhov ntev yog 3950 hli. Tus nqi hluav taws nrog lub hom phiaj kho - txog 15 rds / min. Ntsug taw qhia kaum: ntawm -5 txog + 25 °. Kab rov tav: 57 °. Suav - 5 tus neeg.

Duab
Duab

Tom qab qhov pom ntawm 57-mm ZiS-2 rab phom hauv pab tub rog, Soviet cov phom loj tiv thaiv lub peev xwm tuaj yeem nkag mus rau pem hauv ntej cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv ntawm German hnyav tso tsheb hlau luam ntawm qhov deb li ntawm ib nrab mais. Raws li lub rooj nkag mus rau cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv, lub taub hau tsis pom kev BR-271 cov cuab yeej ua kom tawg, hnyav 3, 19 kg nrog qhov pib nrawm ntawm 990 m / s ntawm 500 m raws li qhov qub, tho 114 hli ntawm cov cuab yeej ua rog. Subcaliber armor-piercing projectile ntawm reel-to-reel daim ntawv BR-271P, hnyav 1.79 kg nrog qhov pib nrawm ntawm 1270 m / s nyob rau tib qhov xwm txheej, tuaj yeem nkag mus rau 145 mm ntawm cov cuab yeej ua rog. Cov mos txwv kuj tseem muaj kev txhaj tshuaj nrog UO-271 qhov tawg ua rau hnyav 3, 68 kg, muaj 218 g ntawm TNT. Ntawm qhov deb li ntawm 400 m, buckshot tuaj yeem siv rau tiv thaiv cov yeeb ncuab tub rog.

ZiS-2 pib ua lub luag haujlwm pom hauv kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv lub tank ntawm Red Army xyoo 1944. Tab sis txog thaum kawg ntawm kev ua tsov rog, txawm hais tias muaj tus yam ntxwv zoo, rab phom 57-mm tsis tuaj yeem muaj ntau dua 45-mm M-42 thiab 76-mm ZiS-3. Yog li thaum pib ntawm Lub Peb Hlis 1945, cov chav ntawm thib 3 Ukrainian Pem Hauv Ntej muaj 129 57-mm cannons, 516 45-mm cannons thiab 1167 76-mm faib phom. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, muab cov cuab yeej zoo nkag mus rau ntawm ZiS-2 rab phom, nws tau txiav txim siab tshwj xeeb tiv thaiv lub tank tshwj xeeb thiab tau siv ntau heev. Qhov no tau ua pov thawj los ntawm cov lus ntawm qhov muaj thiab qhia txog qhov poob ntawm rab phom loj hauv cov tub rog. Xyoo 1944, cov tub rog tiv thaiv lub tank muaj kwv yees li 4,000 rab phom 57-mm, nrog ntau dua 1,100 phom poob thaum sib ntaus. Qhov projectile noj yog 460, 3 txhiab. Thaum Lub Ib Hlis-Tsib Hlis 1945, cov tub rog tau txais txog 1000 ZiS-2, cov nyiaj tau poob txog li 500 phom.

Ua raws li qhov tseeb tias ZiS-2 phom tiv thaiv lub tank pib nkag mus rau hauv pab tub rog tom qab lub tebchaws Yelemes hloov mus rau kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv, cov yeeb ncuab tswj kom ntes tau ob peb lub kaum os 57-mm phom tiv thaiv lub tank hauv kev ua haujlwm zoo.

Duab
Duab

Hauv qhov sib piv rau "plaub caug-tsib", Cov neeg German tau zoo siab rau ZiS-2, uas ua rau muaj kev hem thawj rau txhua tus tso tsheb hlau luam uas siv los ntawm ob tog thaum kawg Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II. Cov phom Soviet 57-mm uas tau ntes hauv tebchaws Yelemes tau raug hu ua 5, 7-Pakm Pak 208 (r) thiab tau ua haujlwm kom txog rau thaum cov tub rog German swb. Tuav tau 57-mm rab phom tiv thaiv lub tank tau siv ob qho tib si nyob rau sab hnub tuaj thiab sab hnub poob, tab sis vim lawv cov lej me me, lawv tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam rau pom ntawm qhov kev ua phem. Yam tsawg kawg yog 5, 7-cm Pak 208 (r) rab phom tau raug Asmeskas tub rog ntes thaum lub Tsib Hlis 1945.

Tsis zoo li rab phom 45- thiab 57-mm, ntes 76-mm phom phom sib faib. 1936 (F-22), Peb. 1939 (USV) thiab arr. 1942 (ZiS-3), tab sis lawv yuav tham txog hauv cov ntawv tshaj tawm tom ntej no mob siab rau tua cov phom loj ntawm Wehrmacht.

Pom zoo: