Kev tsim dav hlau yog ib qho ntawm cov ceg paub zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev lag luam niaj hnub no. Nyob rau hauv Russia, kev saib xyuas ntau yog ib txwm riveted rau nws tsis tsuas yog los ntawm cov kws tshwj xeeb, tab sis kuj los ntawm cov pej xeem zoo tib yam. Txuas ntxiv ya ntawm lub dav hlau ntawm Boeing thiab Airbus cov tuam txhab, Cov neeg Lavxias vam tias muaj ib hnub lawv yuav rov hloov mus rau lub dav hlau hauv tsev. Tib lub sijhawm, qhov xwm txheej nrog kev lag luam dav hlau hauv lub tebchaws tseem nyuaj heev, txawm hais tias lub ntsej muag tsis pom kev tuaj yeem pom ntawm lub qab ntug ntawm lub ntsej muag ntawm MC-21 nruab nrab-dav nqaim-lub dav hlau lub cev. Qhov xwm txheej nrog kev dav hlau tub rog yog qhov zoo dua, tab sis nws yog qhov txo qis hauv kev yuav khoom ntawm cov tub rog dav hlau thiab cov dav hlau helicopters uas yog qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb rau kev poob qis hauv kev tsim cov khoom siv dav hlau.
Rosstat tau hais txog kev poob qis hauv kev tsim khoom dav hlau
Thaum kawg ntawm Lub Peb Hlis 2019, Rosstat tshaj tawm cov ntaub ntawv uas qhia tias poob qis hauv kev tsim ntau lub dav hlau hauv lub tebchaws, lub dav hlau tau qhib. Raws li lub chaw lis haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm lub tebchaws, kev tsim khoom poob tam sim ntawd los ntawm 13.5 feem pua tom qab qhov nce pom uas tau pom nyob hauv Lavxias Lavxias dhau plaub xyoos dhau los. Raws li kev txheeb cais, kev tsim khoom siv aviation thiab thev naus laus zis hauv xyoo 2014-2017 tau nce 9-20 feem pua hauv ib xyoos. Kev loj hlob loj tshaj plaws tau sau tseg hauv 2015, thaum kev tsim khoom tau nce 19.8 feem pua piv rau xyoo dhau los.
Raws li tau sau tseg hauv RBC, qhov kev poob qis hauv kev tsim khoom ntawm cov khoom kawg tau pib thaum Lub Xya Hli 2018 thiab txuas ntxiv mus txog rau hnub no, raws li Rosstat, qhov kev hloov pauv txuas ntxiv hauv thawj lub hlis xyoo 2019. Tsuas yog thaum Lub Ib Hlis-Lub Ob Hlis xyoo no, kev tsim cov dav hlau hauv Russia tam sim ntawd poob los ntawm 48 feem pua piv rau tib lub sijhawm hauv xyoo 2018. Raws li All-Russian Classifier of Economic Activities (OKVED), peb tab tom tham txog kev txo qis hauv kev tsim khoom raws li txoj cai "Kev tsim cov dav hlau, suav nrog lub dav hlau, thiab cov cuab yeej siv cuam tshuam". Raws li txoj cai OKVED no, cov hauv qab no dhau los: dav hlau thiab dav hlau rau pej xeem thiab tub rog lub hom phiaj; drones; ICBM; cov khoom siv rau khoom siv dav hlau; shuttles qhov chaw, chaw nyob orbital thiab cov khoom siv dag siv dag; tshaj tawm txoj hauv kev rau qhov chaw thiab tshuab foob pob hluav taws.
Lub caij nplooj zeeg hauv kev tsim cov aviation thiab chaw thev naus laus zis rub nrog nws txhua qhov kev tsim khoom hauv Lavxias hauv kev tsim khoom lag luam siab; hauv xyoo 2018, kev poob qis tau sau tseg tom qab kev loj hlob ob xyoos. Qhov ntsuas ntawm kev lag luam thev naus laus zis tau suav los ntawm Rosstat cov kws tshaj lij hauv xyoo 2018 tau poob los ntawm 4.9 feem pua, thaum xyoo 2017 nws qhov kev loj hlob tau sau tseg nyob rau qib 5 feem pua, thiab hauv xyoo 2016 - nce ntawm qib 10.1 feem pua.
Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Lavxias cov tub ceev xwm hais tias qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb rau qhov xwm txheej yog qhov kev poob qis ntawm kev yuav khoom ntawm cov khoom siv dav hlau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm lub xeev kev tiv thaiv xaj. Hnub Tuesday, Plaub Hlis 16, hais lus hauv tsev kawm qib siab ntawm Ministry of Industry thiab Trade, Tus Lwm Thawj Fwm Tsav Tebchaws Yuri Borisov, uas yog tus saib xyuas cov tub rog-kev ua haujlwm nyuaj hauv tsoomfwv Lavxias, tau tham txog qhov no. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tshaj tawm cov duab hauv qab no: xyoo 2018, kev tsim khoom siv dav hlau hauv tebchaws Russia muaj txog 87, 7 feem pua ntawm cov cim xyoo 2017, thiab cov khoom tsim los ntawm foob pob hluav taws thiab chaw lag luam - 95, 9 feem pua ntawm qhov ntsuas ntawm 2017. Raws li Yuri Borisov, qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb rau kev poob qis yog kev txo qis hauv kev yuav khoom hauv lub hauv paus ntawm kev tiv thaiv xeev.
Vim li cas rau qhov poob hauv kev tsim khoom
Nws tau pom meej ua ntej tias qhov tsis ua tiav hauv kev tsim khoom yuav tshwm sim tsis tau. Cov phiaj xwm phiaj xwm phom tub rog tau txais los ntawm Lavxias tau teeb tsa lub hom phiaj tshwj xeeb - kom coj cov khoom siv tub rog niaj hnub no thiab riam phom hauv pab tub rog mus txog 70 feem pua ntawm xyoo 2020. Txoj haujlwm no twb tau ua tiav tiav lawm. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov muaj feem thib hauv kev muab riam phom rov los, ua ntej tshaj plaws, txhawm rau ua kom Cov Tub Rog Chaw Ua Haujlwm Zoo nrog kev siv thev naus laus zis tshiab. Tom qab mus txog lub hom phiaj ntawm txoj haujlwm, kev yuav khoom ntawm ntau yam riam phom tsuas yog poob qis, uas twb tau tshwm sim nrog kev sib ntaus sib tua dav hlau thiab helicopters.
Lub sijhawm tam sim no, qhov txaus ntawm ib feem ntawm Aerospace Forces thiab cov tub rog ya dav hlau nrog cov cuab yeej siv tub rog tshiab twb tau pom lawm. Thaum lub siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev ua raws txoj cai lij choj ntawm kev tiv thaiv lub xeev xaj hauv Russia, ntau dua 100 lub dav hlau sib ntaus tau raug xa mus rau cov tub rog txhua xyoo, tab sis tam sim no tam sim no qhov ntim ntawm cov khoom siv rau cov tub rog tau poob qis heev - txog 50-60 lub tsheb. ib xyoos. Tib yam siv rau thev naus laus zis niaj hnub. Raws li Yuri Borisov, ua ntej cov tub rog ib xyoos tau txais los ntawm kev lag luam 80-90 lub nyoob hoom qav taub tshiab, thiab tam sim no qhov ntim ntawm kev xa khoom tau poob qis rau 30-40 units. Tsis muaj qhov xav tau yav dhau los ntawm cov khoom siv yav dhau los; hauv xyoo tsis ntev los no, cov tub rog Lavxias tau rov tsim kho lawv lub dav hlau tshiab. Yav tom ntej, cov tuam txhab tiv thaiv kev lag luam Lavxias yuav ua haujlwm nkaus xwb txhawm rau tswj hwm lub neej ntawm cov khoom lag luam muab rau cov tub rog, ntxiv rau tswj hwm thiab kho lawv, tab sis peb tsis tuaj yeem tham ntxiv txog kev yuav khoom dav hlau ntau.
Tawm tsam keeb kwm yav dhau los no, muaj qee qhov xov xwm txaus ntshai. Yog li, thaum Lub Plaub Hlis 4, Lub Chaw Haujlwm Lavxias Interfax tau tshaj tawm tias Lavxias Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ruaj Ntseg tau npaj siab tso ntau qhov kev yuav khoom tshiab ntawm Il-112V lub tsheb thauj tub rog thauj tub rog tshiab (tsim rau ntau tshaj 20 xyoo). Lub tsheb xub pib mus rau saum ntuj thaum Lub Peb Hlis 30, 2019. Cov tub rog Lavxias twb tsis txaus siab nrog cov yam ntxwv ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom tshiab, uas tsis sib xws rau cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb. Piv txwv li, nws tau tshaj tawm tias cov tub rog tsis txaus siab nrog lub peev xwm nqa ntawm lub teeb thauj khoom tshiab. Tus thawj tsim qauv ntawm PJSC "Il" Nikolay Talikov nws tus kheej tau lees paub hauv kev xam phaj rau Lavxias cov ntawv tshaj tawm tias thawj lub dav hlau Il-112V tau dhau los ua qhov hnyav dhau los ntawm 2.5 tons, tab sis thaum lub Tsib Hlis xyoo no nws tau npaj los txo nws qhov hnyav los ntawm ob tons. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias xov xwm ntawm Lub Chaw Haujlwm Interfax tau nrog los ntawm kev tawm haujlwm zoo, nyob rau tib hnub - Plaub Hlis 4, 2019 - nws tau paub tias tus lwm thawj ntawm UAC thiab tus thawj coj loj ntawm Ilyushin Alexei Rogozin (tus tub ntawm Dmitry Rogozin, uas tau mus rau Roscosmos txij li lub Tsib Hlis 2018).
Qhov xwm txheej nrog kev poob qis hauv kev tsim cov tshuab thev naus laus zis, ntxiv rau lub xeev kev tiv thaiv xaj, kuj tseem tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog kev rau txim los ntawm Western lub tebchaws tawm tsam Russia. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, kev txwv ntawm kev yuav khoom ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab ntau yam kev siv ob qho khoom siv yog qhov mob rau kev lag luam. Cov kev txwv no xav tau kev lag luam Lavxias los nrhiav kev hloov pauv txaus rau cov khoom siv uas dhau mus tsis tau, feem ntau yog los ntawm kev hloov lawv nrog cov khoom siv hauv tsev lossis cov khoom lag luam yuav los ntawm cov tebchaws ntawm Asia sab hnub tuaj. Tag nrho cov no tau dhau los ua qhov laj thawj rau ncua sijhawm ntawm kev ua haujlwm, ua rau qeeb thiab qee qhov kev lag luam poob qis, qee qhov nws yooj yim los nrhiav qhov hloov pauv ncaj qha. Nyias, peb tuaj yeem hais qhov tseeb tias ob xyoos dhau los hauv tebchaws Russia yuav luag khov khov thiab tsim tawm ntawm Proton foob pob hluav taws, qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb - teeb meem nrog lub cav. Yav dhau los, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Roscosmos twb tau hais lawm tias kev tsim cov tsheb Proton yuav pib ua kom tiav nyob rau xyoo 2020 lig lossis ntxov xyoo 2021. Cov ntaub ntawv txheeb cais kuj tseem tuaj yeem cuam tshuam los ntawm kev tsim Vostochny cosmodrome, qhov chaw ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim kho thawj theem ntawm lub tsev tau ua tiav, tab sis tus neeg cog lus rau kev tsim kho theem ob tseem tsis tau txiav txim siab.
Txhua yam no tau ntxiv los ntawm xov xwm, uas tsis zoo rau Lavxias kev lag luam chaw. Yog li Asmeskas xav kom tso tseg qhov kev yuav khoom ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws hauv tsev RD-180 los ntawm 2022, cov lus tshaj tawm tau ua thaum pib lub Plaub Hlis xyoo no. John Raymond, uas yog tus thawj coj ntawm Asmeskas Chaw Ua Haujlwm Qaum Teb, tau tshaj tawm rau Asmeskas cov koom txoos koom txoos txog qhov no. Nyuam qhuav pib hauv xovxwm, cov ntaub ntawv tau tshwm sim tias cov neeg Asmeskas tab tom npaj yuav hloov lub tshuab RD-180 Lavxias nrog cov tshuab oxygen-methane ntawm lawv tus kheej cov khoom lag luam. Tsis ntev los no, cov neeg Asmeskas tau npaj yuav tso tseg cov kev pabcuam ntawm Lavxias lub dav hlau ya Soyuz, uas tau siv niaj hnub no los xa cov neeg Asmeskas cov neeg ya mus saum lub ISS.
Teeb meem Superjet thiab kev cia siab ntawm Lavxias kev lag luam dav hlau
Cov teeb meem ntawm kev lag luam dav hlau hauv tebchaws Russia tseem tuaj yeem sau tseg cais. Tam sim no, txog li 90 feem pua ntawm tag nrho cov dav hlau dav hlau hauv peb lub tebchaws yog cov dav hlau txawv teb chaws. Piv txwv li, tag nrho lub dav hlau ntawm tus nqi qis dav hlau Pobeda (ib lub chaw haujlwm ntawm Aeroflot) suav nrog American Boeing-737-800 lub dav hlau. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub tuam txhab tsis mob siab yuav los cog lus MC-21s, hais txog qhov tseeb tias nws muaj txiaj ntsig rau lub dav hlau uas tsis muaj nqi kom khaws lub dav hlau muaj cov dav hlau zoo ib yam. Sukhoi Superjet 100 yog tib lub dav hlau tiag tiag tsim los ntawm Lavxias lub dav hlau tam sim no muaj los ntawm cov dav hlau hauv tebchaws.
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws, lub dav hlau tam sim no tau pom los ntawm kev sib piv nrog lub thawv rau khaub ncaws yam tsis muaj tus tuav, nws zoo li nws nyuaj rau nqa thiab nws yog kev khuv leej muab nws pov tseg. Tam sim no nws tuaj yeem hais tau tias lub dav hlau tau poob kev sib ntaus rau European kev lag luam thiab tsis tshwj xeeb hauv kev thov hauv ntiaj teb ib yam. Thiab Iran, uas muaj lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv lub tsheb, raug yuam kom tos kom txog thaum kev tsim kho lub dav hlau no raug xa mus rau tsawg kawg 50-60 feem pua hauv tebchaws Russia. Lub sijhawm no, Tebchaws Meskas tau txwv tsis pub xa Sukhoi Superjet 100 lub dav hlau mus rau Tehran, vim tias feem ntawm Asmeskas cov khoom hauv nws ntau dua 10 feem pua. Hauv Tebchaws Europe, tsuas yog tus neeg ua haujlwm ntawm lub dav hlau yog Irish tuam txhab CityJet, uas tau xa lub dav hlau los rau ntawm lub dav hlau ntub dej mus rau Belgian lub dav hlau. Thaum Lub Ob Hlis 2019, nws tau paub tias CityJet tau tso tseg lub dav hlau ntawm hom no, lawv tsis ua rau cov neeg Belgians nyiam, thiab thaum lub Plaub Hlis 2019 nws tau paub tias lub tuam txhab Sukhoi Civil Aircraft tsis kam muab 15 lub dav hlau SSJ 100 rau Slovenia.
Cov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm Superjet tig ncig qhov nyuaj nrog kev pab cuam tom qab muag - qhov tsis txaus thiab tus nqi siab ntawm cov khoom seem, ntxiv rau lub sijhawm xa khoom ntev, uas yog vim li cas cov dav hlau feem ntau siv rau kev sib tua dav hlau, yooj yim tshem cov khoom los ntawm cov tsheb pub dawb. Raws li tau sau tseg los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij, lub tshuab no tseem qis dua li cov neeg sib tw hauv lub ntsej muag ntawm Boeing thiab Airbus hauv qhov tseem ceeb xws li lub sijhawm davhlau nruab nrab ib hnub. Raws li Tsoom Fwv Saib Xyuas Kev Thauj Khoom Hauv Huab Cua, xyoo 2017 SSJ 100 lub dav hlau ua haujlwm los ntawm Aeroflot muaj lub davhlau nruab nrab txhua hnub ntawm 3.5 teev, thaum Aeroflot's Airbus thiab Boeing nyob hauv huab cua rau 9-10 teev txhua hnub.
Qhov kev cia siab tseem ceeb ntawm Lavxias kev tsim dav hlau dav hlau kev lag luam tau txuas rau ntawm lub dav-lub cev nruab nrab cov neeg caij dav hlau MS-21, uas thawj zaug coj mus rau saum ntuj thaum lub Tsib Hlis 28, 2017. Lub dav hlau tshiab tau pib tsom mus rau lub ntiaj teb cov neeg xav tau dav hlau ya dav hlau; kwv yees li 70 feem pua ntawm tag nrho cov dav hlau hauv ntiaj teb thiab hauv tebchaws Russia yog cov neeg caij dav hlau luv. Tam sim no, twb muaj tus lej xaj xaj kom xa 175 lub dav hlau Lavxias tshiab. Tus neeg tsav dav hlau tseem ceeb ntawm lub dav hlau tshiab yuav yog cov dav hlau Lavxias uas koom nrog pab pawg Aeroflot, tab sis tseem muaj kev txaus siab nyob hauv MC-21 nyob txawv teb chaws ib yam.
Tab sis ntawm no, ib yam nkaus, muaj teeb meem, kev tso tawm ntawm lub dav hlau twb tau raug ncua ntau zaus. Tam sim no, qhov pib ntawm cov khoom lag luam tau raug ncua mus rau qhov kawg ntawm 2020 - pib xyoo 2021. Kev tshuaj xyuas los ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Nyiaj Txiag hauv xyoo 2018 tau qhia tias lub tswv yim tsim tsis zoo ntawm MS-21, suav nrog kev rau txim sab hnub poob, ua rau muaj kev nce nqi hauv kev siv dav hlau. Txog xyoo 2017, tus nqi ntawm nws txoj kev txhim kho tau nce 2, 3 zaug los ntawm 125 billion rubles tshaj tawm xyoo 2007 txog 284 billion rubles. Qhov nce ntawm tus nqi ntawm txoj haujlwm kuj tseem cuam tshuam los ntawm kev nce nqi thiab nce tus nqi ntawm cov txiaj ntsig txawv teb chaws. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Cov Nyiaj Txiag Chamber ntseeg tias tus nqi yuav loj tuaj ntau dua, uas yuav cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau kev ua haujlwm tau zoo ntawm txoj haujlwm.
Tab sis cov kauj ruam tiag tiag uas ncua kev tshaj tawm kev tsim khoom loj ntawm MC-21 lub dav hlau rau tsawg kawg ib xyoos yog Asmeskas kev rau txim. Thaum Lub Ib Hlis 2019, Tebchaws Meskas tau ua tiav kev tshem tawm ntawm kev muab cov khoom siv sib xyaw tsim nyog rau kev tsim cov khoom sib xyaw "dub tis"-lub ntsiab tseem ceeb thiab kev paub-ntawm Lavxias lub dav hlau lub cev. Qhov no yog rooj plaub thaum nws tsis yooj yim sua kom hloov lub tis nrog hlau, txij li thaum ntawd tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm txoj haujlwm thiab nws qhov kev sib tw tau zoo ploj. Tab sis ntawm no Russia tswj hwm nws tus kheej los ntawm kev muab nws tus kheej nrog hom "lub ncoo kev nyab xeeb". Nrog kev txhawb nqa los ntawm lub xeev, Rosatom pab pawg ntawm cov tuam txhab tau pib txheej txheem ntawm kev ua tiav kev tsim khoom ntawm tag nrho cov saw ntawm cov khoom siv raw tsim nyog rau MC-21 lub dav hlau, uas xav tau rau kev sib xyaw aviation. Cov ntaub ntawv tsim los ntawm Lavxias twb dhau qhov txheej txheem kuaj mob thawj zaug lawm. Tus neeg sawv cev ntawm lub tuam txhab kev tsav dav hlau "Irkut" tau sau tseg tias lawv piv nrog cov neeg txawv teb chaws. Raws li nws, tag nrho-qhov loj ntawm lub dav hlau yav tom ntej twb tau tsim los ntawm Lavxias cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw, suav nrog qee qhov loj tshaj thiab nyuaj tshaj plaws-tsim khoom ntu: lub vaj huam sib luag sab saud ntawm lub thawv tis thiab ntu ntu ntu.
