Nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua loj ntawm ntug dej ntawm Volga, uas dhau los ua qhov hloov pauv thaum lub sijhawm Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, cov tub rog Soviet tau ua lwm txoj haujlwm tsis txaus siab, uas tseem xaus rau hauv pab pawg German ntawm cov tub rog, txawm hais tias me me me me. Peb tab tom tham txog Velikie Luki kev ua phem, uas cov tub rog Soviet tau ua nrog lub hom phiaj txhawm rau txhawm rau tua cov yeeb ncuab pab tub rog nyob hauv nruab nrab txoj haujlwm pem hauv ntej thiab tso lub nroog Velikiye Luki thiab Novosokolniki. Kev ua haujlwm tau ua tiav txij lub Kaum Ib Hlis 25, 1942 txog Lub Ib Hlis 20, 1943 los ntawm cov tub rog ntawm Pab Pawg Shock thib 3 ntawm Kalinin Pem Hauv Ntej nrog kev txhawb nqa ntawm cov tub rog thib 3.
Thaum lub sijhawm tawm tsam, cov tub rog ntawm Pab Pawg Shock thib 3 tau nce mus txog 24 kilometers hauv qhov tob thiab mus txog 50 kilometers raws ntawm xub ntiag, thiab thaum Lub Ib Hlis 1, 1943, tau ntes lub nroog Velikiye Luki (feem ntau nws). Raws li ib feem ntawm kev tawm tsam, twb nyob rau lub Kaum Ib Hlis 28-29, Soviet pab tub rog tau kaw lub nplhaib ncig ib puag ncig lub nroog, uas muaj txog 8-9 txhiab tus tub rog Nazi tau nyob ib puag ncig. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub hauv paus chaw haujlwm ntawm Pab Pawg Shock thib 3 tau ua tiav cov ntaub ntawv hais txog qhov loj ntawm pab pawg uas nyob ib puag ncig thiab qhov xwm txheej ntawm nws cov chaw tiv thaiv.
Hauv Velikiye Luki, cov tub rog Soviet nyob ib puag ncig ntawm 83rd Infantry Division nrog ntau yam kev txhawb zog. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov tub rog nyob ib puag ncig yog 8-9 txhiab tus neeg nrog 100-120 rab phom loj thiab kwv yees li 10-15 lub tsheb tso tsheb hlau luam thiab phom tua phom. Lub ntsiab, txoj kab txuas mus ntxiv ntawm kev tiv thaiv tau dhau los ntawm cov chaw nyob hauv nroog, txhua qhov uas tau yoog los ua kev tiv thaiv txhua yam puag ncig. Txhua lub tsev pob zeb hauv nroog tau hloov los ntawm cov neeg German mus rau cov chaw tiv thaiv muaj zog, puv nrog cov riam phom hnyav: cov phom loj thiab cov phom. Cov nthab ntawm cov tsev siab tau hloov pauv mus rau hauv cov tshuab rab phom thiab cov lus soj ntsuam. Cov chaw tshwj xeeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev tiv thaiv (uas tau kav ntev tshaj plaws) yog lub fortress (bastion, earthen Velikie Luki fortress) thiab txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau. Cov lus txib hauv Soviet txawm tias muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais tias tus thawj coj ntawm pab tub rog 83rd T. T. Scherer tau khiav tawm ntawm lub nroog, tau xaiv Tus Thawj Tub Ceev Xwm Eduard von Sass, tus thawj coj ntawm 277th Infantry Regiment, ua tus thawj tub rog.
Thaum Lub Ib Hlis 16, Cov tub rog German nyob ib puag ncig hauv Velikiye Luki tau ua tiav tag nrho, thaum 12 teev tsaus ntuj ntawm tib hnub, tsuas yog ib lub hauv paus ntawm kev tawm tsam tseem nyob hauv kev tswj hwm yeeb ncuab, lub hauv paus chaw tiv thaiv, coj los ntawm Lieutenant Colonel von Sass nws tus kheej. Thaum 15:30 qhov kev cais tshwj xeeb los ntawm 249th pawg tau tawg mus rau hauv qab daus thiab ntes 52 tus tub rog thiab tub ceev xwm, suav nrog tus tub rog tub ceev xwm nws tus kheej. Yog li cov tub rog German ntawm Velikiye Luki tau tso tseg kiag li. Lub sijhawm ntawd, ua ntej ntawm kev ua tiav ntawm Paulus cov tub rog nyob puag ncig hauv Stalingrad, qhov kev yeej no tsis raug tshuaj xyuas kom raug, thiab hauv keeb kwm nws tseem nyob mus ib txhis hauv qhov ntxoov ntxoo ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua loj ntawm ntug dej ntawm Volga.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev sib ntaus sib tua rau Velikie Luki tau hnyav heev. Kev ntes lub nroog tau qhib txoj kev mus rau Vitebsk rau cov tub rog liab. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua no tau nkag siab hauv lub hauv paus chaw ua haujlwm ntawm ob kab ua ntej. Hitler, zoo li Paulus hauv Stalingrad, tau cog lus pab rau cov tub rog nyob ib puag ncig hauv lub nroog thiab txawm tias tau cog lus tseg rau tus thawj coj, Lieutenant Colonel von Sass, rau npe Velikiye Luki hauv nws txoj kev hwm - "Sassenstadt". Nws tsis ua haujlwm, Soviet pab tub rog tsis tso cai.
German keeb kwm Paul Karel hu ua cov xwm txheej tshwm sim hauv Velikiye Luki "me me Stalingrad". Tshwj xeeb, nws tau sau tias: “Cov tub rog phom Soviet tau tawm tsam hauv nroog nrog lub siab tawv. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov Komsomol cov tswv cuab, cov tub ntxhais hluas nyiam kev sib cav sib ceg uas, nyob rau ob peb lub asthiv tom ntej, ua kev zoo siab rau lawv txoj kev mob siab rau ua haujlwm. Yog li ntiag tug ntawm 254th Guards Rifle Regiment Alexander Matrosov, ntawm tus nqi ntawm nws lub neej, tau txais lub npe ntawm Hero ntawm Soviet Union."
Cov tub rog Soviet sib ntaus sib tua ntawm K. Liebknecht Street (kev sib tshuam ntawm K. Liebknecht thiab Pionerskaya Street) hauv Velikiye Luki. Yees duab: waralbum.ru
Cov tub rog Soviet tau pib ua phem rau Velikiye Luki yuav luag tam sim tom qab lub nroog raug kaw. Txog Lub Ib Hlis 1, 1943, feem ntau ntawm lub nroog tau raug tso dim. Cov Tub Rog Liab tau ntes tag nrho lub hauv paus nruab nrab ntawm Velikiye Luki, cais cov tub rog tub rog tawm mus ua ob ntu - ib qho nyob hauv thaj tsam ntawm lub qub chaw tiv thaiv, thib ob hauv thaj chaw ntawm cov chaw nres tsheb ciav hlau thiab chaw muag khoom. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov tub rog nyob ib puag ncig tau ua ob qhov kev lees paub. Thawj zaug tau rov qab rau Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 15, 1942, los ntawm cov neeg sawv cev. Qhov thib ob yog hauv xov tooj cua hmo ntuj ntawm Lub Ib Hlis 1, 1943. Tus Thawj Tub Ceev Xwm von Sass, uas tau txais Hitler qhov kev thov kom tsis txhob swb lub nroog, tsis lees txais ob qho kev thov. Vim li ntawd, hauv nroog thiab nws ib puag ncig tau ntev tau muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua tsis tu ncua.
Ib qho ntawm cov chaw muaj zog tshaj plaws hauv kev tiv thaiv hauv nroog yog Velikie Luki fortress, nws qhov kev tiv thaiv tsis tau yog nyob rau hauv kaum rau-metre rampart. Hauv qab ntawm tus ncej, nws cov tuab tau txog 35 meters. Trenches tau khiav raws sab saum toj ntawm tus ncej. Nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm lawv yog qhov seem ntawm lwm qhov chaw nruab nrab, cua daj cua dub tawm. Tom qab lub hauv paus tseem ceeb tau tiv thaiv cov neeg tawm tsam raws li txhua txoj cai ntawm kev tshawb fawb engineering, tiv thaiv lub tank ditch. Qab lawv, cov neeg German tau teeb tsa cov laj kab hlau, nruab nrog hauv qab daus bunkers. Lawv kuj tau hloov cov tsev uas twb muaj lawm rau hauv cov ntsiab lus muaj zog: lub tsev teev ntuj, tsev loj cuj thiab ob lub tsev pheeb suab ntaub. Txog rau sab qaum teb -sab hnub poob, lub fortress muaj peb lub qhov dej ntws los ntawm qhov chaw ua haujlwm, nrog rau kev hla mus - seem ntawm lub qhov rooj qub. Txhua txoj hauv kev mus rau Velikolukskaya lub fortress tau nyob rau hauv flank tshuab rab phom, cov neeg German tau teeb tsa lub tshuab rab phom ntawm lub ces kaum. Sab nraud, lub qhov rooj muaj dej khov uas tau ywg dej txhua hmo. Cov tub rog thiab cov thawj coj ntawm 357th Infantry Division, uas tau koom nrog hauv Velikie Luki kev ua phem ntawm Soviet cov tub rog txij li nws thawj hnub, tau coj lub chaw tiv thaiv.
Sim pab cov tub rog nyob ib puag ncig hauv lub nroog, cov neeg German tau npaj qhov kev kov yeej, tsom mus rau qhov muaj zog heev rau qhov no. Qhov kev txwv tsis pub qhib pib thaum Lub Ib Hlis 4, 1943 thaum 8:30 teev sawv ntxov. Cov neeg German tau pib tawm tsam yam tsis tau tos huab cua ya. Txog Lub Ib Hlis 6, thaum huab cua hauv cheeb tsam tau zoo zuj zus, Soviet Air Force tseem ua rau muaj zog ntxiv, ua rau muaj kev nce qib ntawm Nazis. Txog Lub Ib Hlis 9, 1943, lub nkoj me me ntawm German tau tswj kom hla mus rau Velikiye Luki; hauv qhov chaw sib txawv, nws tus lej txawv ntawm 8 txog 15 lub tsheb sib ntaus. Qhov no tsis tuaj yeem pab tub rog, txawm hais tias twb txog Lub Ib Hlis 10, qhov xwm txheej rau Soviet pab tub rog yog qhov tseem ceeb, cov neeg German tau tswj hwm txhawm rau txhawm rau hla txoj kev nqaim ntev mus rau lub nroog, tsuas yog 4-5 kilometers cais lawv los ntawm pab pawg tsis thaiv mus rau sab nrauv ntawm Velikiye Luki, tab sis kom kov yeej qhov kev deb no ua ntej tshem tawm ntawm cov tub rog German tub rog yeej tsis ua tiav.
Cov tub rog thauj cov dav hlau Go.242, cov dav hlau no tau siv los ntawm cov neeg German los muab cov tub rog ntawm lub nroog Velikiye Luki
Kev kov yeej ntawm German tso tsheb hlau luam rau Velikiye Luki tau piav qhia ntau txoj hauv kev hauv Soviet thiab German cov peev txheej. Yog li Paul Karel sau hais tias: "Qhov kev sim zaum kawg los thaiv lub Velikiye Luki tub rog nyob rau Lub Ib Hlis 9, 1943 tau ua los ntawm pab pawg tawm tsam ntawm Tribukait Loj. Cov pab pawg uas tau mus rau lub chaw tiv thaiv suav nrog ntau tus neeg ua haujlwm tiv thaiv tub rog los ntawm Pawg 8 Panzer, tso tsheb hlau luam ntawm Pab Pawg thib 1 ntawm Pawg Tub Rog Xeem 15 thiab cov phom tua phom ntawm 118th Cov Tub Rog Ruaj Khov Ntxiv. "Tsiv thiab tua!" - qhov no yog qhov kev txiav txim ntawm pab pawg. Nws raug xaj kom tsis txhob nres, cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov tsheb puas yuav tsum tau tawm tam sim ntawd thiab tawm ntawm cov cuab yeej ntawm lwm lub tso tsheb hlau luam. Tribukait tau tswj hwm tiag tiag txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau hla lub nplhaib ntawm Soviet pab tub rog. Ntau lub tso tsheb hlau luam thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm tiv thaiv cov tub rog tseem nyob hauv tshav rog, tab sis pab pawg tau mus txog nws lub hom phiaj. Thaum 15 teev sawv ntxov, cov neeg qaug zog los ntawm pawg tub rog Darnedde, uas tau tiv thaiv hauv lub chaw tiv thaiv, pom German tso tsheb hlau luam los ntawm qhov chaw ua si. Lawv thawj qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog zoo siab. 15 lub tsheb sib ntaus sib tua mus rau hauv lub tshav puam ntawm lub fortress, ntawm lawv kawg peb lub tso tsheb hlau luam ntawm thawj pab tub rog ntawm 15th lub tank tub rog. Tab sis hmoov zoo tub rog rov tig los ntawm pab tub rog Darnedd. Sai li cov neeg Lavxias tau pom tias cov neeg German tau tawg, lawv tau qhib qhov hluav taws kub ntawm lawv cov phom loj ntawm lub fortress. Tribucait tau txiav txim tam sim ntawd tso tsheb hlau luam tawm ntawm lub tshav puam me me ntawm cov ruins, uas tsuas yog ib txoj kev coj. Thaum ib ntawm 15 lub tso tsheb hlau luam hla lub qhov rooj, 4 lub foob pob tsoo nws ib zaug, thiab nws thaiv txoj kev tawm ntawm lwm tus nrog txoj kev tawg. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, Tribukait cov tub rog tau raug daig, dhau los ua lub hom phiaj rau cov phom loj los ntawm phom ntawm txhua tus calibers. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, lawv txhua tus tau dhau los ua neeg raug tsim txom ntawm Soviet foob pob, thiab cov neeg muaj sia nyob lub tankers tau los ua tub rog, koom nrog pab tub rog Darnedd. Thaum Lub Ib Hlis 15, ib pab tub rog caij nkoj tau sim tsoo mus rau lub chaw tiv thaiv, tab sis qhov kev sim no kuj tseem ua tsis tiav."
Hauv nws phau ntawv sau cia "Plaub xyoos hauv lub tsho loj. Ib Zaj Dab Neeg ntawm Pawg Neeg Ib Cheeb Tsam "mob siab rau txoj kev ua tub rog ntawm cov tub rog thiab cov tub ceev xwm ntawm 357th Kev Txiav Txim ntawm Suvorov, qib thib ob ntawm kev faib phom, tsim thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 1941 ntawm thaj chaw Udmurtia, tus kws sau Udmurt Mikhail Andreevich Lyamin, uas tau ua haujlwm hauv qhov kev faib no, piav qhia ntu nrog kev ua tiav ntawm txoj kev sib txawv tso tsheb hlau luam hauv Velikiye Luki. Hauv nws phau ntawv sau cia, nws tau hais tias cov neeg German tau mus ua dag, pleev xim rau lawv cov cim cim thiab kos hnub qub liab dua. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, peb tau ntes Soviet T-34 tso tsheb hlau luam tau raug liam siv ntawm lub taub hau ntawm kab ntawv. Ua kom zoo dua ntawm kev kub ntxhov ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ze Malenok thiab Fotiev, 20 lub tso tsheb hlau luam German, nyob hauv qab npog thaum tsaus ntuj, tswj kom ntog mus rau hauv nroog los ntawm ib sab ntawm lub qub tsev ntawm lub xeev lub txhab nyiaj, qhov chaw uas lawv tus kheej tau qhib hluav taws rau ntawm cov phom loj. ntawm kev faib phom 357th. Nws mus piav qhia txog kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm cov phom thiab ib kab ntawm German tso tsheb hlau luam. Thawj zaug tua cov yeeb ncuab tso tsheb hlau luam los ntawm rab phom tiv thaiv lub tank yog tus tub ceev xwm laus los ntawm Izhevsk Nikolai Kadyrov. Nws tswj kom tua txoj hauv kev ntawm lub tank txhuas. Tom qab ntawd nws tsoo lub tank thib ob, uas tau sim hla dhau thawj zaug. Kev tsis meej pem pib hauv kab yeeb ncuab, thiab cov phom uas dhia tawm ntawm lawv qhov chaw dugouts pib tua hluav taws ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam uas tau tawg los ntawm txhua yam uas lawv muaj. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, cov neeg German tau poob 12 lub tso tsheb hlau luam, tab sis 8 ntawm lawv tau tswj kom tsoo mus rau hauv lub fortress.
Cov tub rog Soviet tshuaj xyuas cov tso tsheb hlau luam German tso tseg hauv Velikiye Luki, yees duab waralbum.ru.
Txawm hais tias qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev kov yeej, nws tsis muaj feem cuam tshuam rau txoj haujlwm ntawm cov tub rog uas nyob ib puag ncig ntawm Velikie Luki fortress thiab tsis pab nws tawm ntawm qhov ncig. Txog 7 teev sawv ntxov thaum Lub Ib Hlis 16, 1943, lub fortress poob, nws tau raug coj los ntawm cov tub rog ntawm 357th phom sib faib. Hauv lub nroog nws tus kheej, 235 tus tub rog German thiab 9 lub tsheb tso tsheb hlau luam (los ntawm cov neeg uas tsoo los ntawm sab nraud, raws li tus kws sau keeb kwm Alexei Valerievich Isaev) raug ntes, suav nrog ntau yam riam phom ntau. Tsuas yog qhov feem ntau "cuam tshuam tsis tau" ntawm cov neeg German tau txiav txim siab tawm ntawm qhov chaw tiv thaiv ib puag ncig, sim ua kom tawm ntawm qhov chaw nyob ib puag ncig hauv pab pawg me. Paul Karel sau hais tias tsuas yog yim leej ntawm ntau pua tus tiv thaiv tau ua qhov no, tus so tuag hauv kev sib ntaus lossis yooj yim khov ntawm txoj kev. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, von Sass nws tus kheej tau raug ntes, thiab xyoo 1946 nws tau raug txim ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog txhaum cai thiab raug kaw nrog cov pab pawg ntawm cov neeg koom tes hauv Velikiye Luki, uas tsis tau dhau los ua Sassenstadt.
Kev ua haujlwm hauv Velikiye Luki tau muaj txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb. Velikiye Luki thiab Stalingrad tau cim qhov kev hloov pauv tau zoo hauv txoj haujlwm ntawm pab tub rog German. Yav dhau los, kev poob siab rau cov tub rog yog qhov tseeb ntawm kev ncig, uas yog ib txwm muaj rau cov tub rog txawb, uas rub deb ua ntej thaum lub sijhawm tawm tsam. Nyob rau lub caij ntuj no xyoo 1942, kev siv dav hlau loj, kev siv zog ntawm Soviet pab tub rog mus ncig ib puag ncig me me thiab pab pawg ntawm pab tub rog German tau ua tsis tiav. Tab sis thaum lub caij ntuj no xyoo 1943, kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov neeg ib puag ncig tau pib ua raws cov neeg nyob ib puag ncig. Yog tias ua ntej qhov piv txwv ntawm Kholm thiab Demyansk ua rau muaj kev ntseeg siab hauv lawv cov lus txib ntawm cov tub rog German thiab cov tub ceev xwm thiab txhawb kom tsis txhob khaws cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb los ntawm kev ua haujlwm pom, tom qab ntawd piv txwv tshiab ntawm Velikiye Luki thiab Stalingrad tau qhia txog qhov tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm German hais kom ua los xyuas kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov tub ceev xwm puag ncig me me thiab loj nyob hauv cov xwm txheej tshiab, uas tsis tuaj yeem tab sis cuam tshuam rau kev puas tsuaj dav dav ntawm German chav nyob, poob rau hauv ib puag ncig tshiab.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tsis tuaj yeem hais tias German kev pabcuam ntawm pab pawg nyob ib puag ncig hauv Velikiye Luki nrog kev pabcuam aviation tsis muaj txiaj ntsig. Yog tias Stalingrad, uas, vim muaj coob tus neeg nyob ib puag ncig puag ncig thiab nyob deb ntawm cov pab pawg tseem ceeb ntawm Pab Pawg Pawg "B" thiab Don, tsis tuaj yeem muab nkag los ntawm huab cua nrog kev ua haujlwm tau zoo, ces "Fortress of Velikiye Luki" tau sib cais los ntawm sab xub ntiag ntawm ib puag ncig tsuas yog kaum tawm kilometers, thiab qhov loj ntawm cov tub rog tub rog tau me me. Txhawm rau muab cov tub rog, cov neeg German tau siv Go.242 cov tub rog thauj cov dav hlau, rub los ntawm Heinkel-111 cov neeg foob pob mus rau thaj chaw rhaub dej, qhov uas lawv cais thiab tsaws hauv thaj chaw tswj. Nrog kev pab los ntawm cov neeg thauj khoom thauj mus los, cov neeg German tau xa cov phom hnyav hnyav rau lub nroog. Rau lub davhlau tom ntej no nyob rau tib hnub, cov kws tsav dav hlau tau tawm ntawm lub nroog los ntawm Fieseler Fi.156 "Storch" dav hlau.
Soviet tshuab rab phom tua rog ntawm Engels Street hauv Velikiye Luki, yees duab: regnum.ru
Piv txwv li, tsuas yog thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 28, 1942, 560 lub plhaub rau lub teeb pom kev zoo li cas, 42 txhiab daim cartridges rau Soviet riam phom (!), 62 txhiab daim cartridges ntawm 7, 92-mm caliber hauv cov ntawv sau, ntxiv rau 25 txhiab daim cartridges hauv ntim ib txwm rau phom ntev. Txawm hais tias nyob rau hnub kawg ntawm kev tiv thaiv lub nroog, cov neeg German tau tso 300 lub ntim los ntawm lub dav hlau rau cov tub rog tub rog nyob ib puag ncig, uas cov Nazis tuaj yeem khaws tau tsuas yog 7.
Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb heev rau cov tub rog Soviet uas lub nroog Velikie Luki tsis yog tsuas yog ua tau zoo nyob ib puag ncig, tab sis tseem raug cua daj cua dub, thiab lub nroog cov tub rog tau raug puas tsuaj. Los ntawm txoj kev xav ntawm kev siv pab pawg ua phem, Red Army ntau thiab ntau tau txav mus rau qhov ua. Qhov ua tiav yog tias cov tub rog Soviet tau tswj hwm cov tub ceev xwm hauv nroog ua ntej kev pab los ntawm pab pawg tsis tuaj yeem tuaj yeem tsoo nws los ntawm sab nraud. Tag nrho cov kev poob ntawm cov tub rog German tsuas yog tua thaum sib ntaus sib tua nyob ib ncig ntawm lub nroog Velikiye Luki muaj txog li 17 txhiab tus neeg. Ntawm tus lej no, kwv yees li 5 txhiab leej tau raug tua nyob hauv lub lauj kaub, thiab 12 txhiab tus tau poob ntawm chav nyob thiab kev tsim qauv txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau pab pawg uas nyob ib puag ncig. Tib lub sijhawm, raws li Soviet cov ntaub ntawv, 3,944 tus tub rog German, suav nrog 54 tus tub ceev xwm, raug ntes hauv lub nroog. Cov khoom plig hauv cov khoom siv kuj tseem loj hauv Velikiye Luki: 113 phom, 58 cuaj lub foob pob, 28 rau-rau-barreled mortars, txog 20 lub tso tsheb hlau luam thiab phom phom.
