"Winged Hlau". Duralumin ua ib feem ntawm kev yeej hauv kev ua rog

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"Winged Hlau". Duralumin ua ib feem ntawm kev yeej hauv kev ua rog
"Winged Hlau". Duralumin ua ib feem ntawm kev yeej hauv kev ua rog

Video: "Winged Hlau". Duralumin ua ib feem ntawm kev yeej hauv kev ua rog

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Npaj rau kev ua tsov rog loj

Hauv thawj feem ntawm cov khoom siv ntawm kev lag luam txhuas thiab nws cuam tshuam rau kev muaj peev xwm ua tub rog ntawm Soviet Union, nws tau hais tias lub tebchaws tau poob qis heev tom qab lub tebchaws Yelemes. Xyoo 1941, Nazi kev lag luam tau ntau dua peb zaug ua ntej ntawm Soviet hauv qhov ntsuas no. Ntxiv mus, txawm tias lawv tus kheej kev suav nyob hauv lub moj khaum ntawm MP-1 phiaj xwm phiaj xwm, uas hnub rov qab mus rau Lub Rau Hli 17, 1938 (pom zoo los ntawm Pawg Saib Xyuas Kev Ruaj Ntseg nyob hauv Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Tib Neeg), xav tias lub tebchaws yuav xav tau txog 131.8 txhiab tons ntawm aluminium thaum muaj kev ua tsov ua rog. Thiab los ntawm 1941, qhov tseeb, Soviet Union muaj peev xwm tsim tsis ntau tshaj 100 txhiab tons ntawm "winged metal", thiab qhov no, tau kawg, yam tsis tau suav nrog qhov poob ntawm thaj tsam sab hnub poob, qhov chaw lag luam tseem ceeb ntawm tsis yog. ferrous metallurgy tau nyob.

Kev lag luam dav hlau yog qhov cuam tshuam tshaj plaws rau txhuas qhov tsis txaus, thiab Pawg Neeg Sawv Cev ntawm Pawg Neeg Soj Ntsuam tau tsim ntau qhov kev ntsuas txhawm rau ua kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntau ntxiv ntawm Tib Neeg Cov Thawj Coj rau Kev Lag Luam Kev Lag Luam. Xyoo 1941, qhov tsis txaus xav tias yuav tsum raug kaw los ntawm kev siv cov hlau hlau rov qab los (34 txhiab tons), qhia txog cov ntoo ua kom huv (15 txhiab tons) rau hauv kev tsim dav hlau, tsim cov hlau phom magnesium (4 txhiab tons) thiab los ntawm kev khaws nyiaj pov tseg (18 txhiab tons. tons). Qhov no, los ntawm txoj kev, yog qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev nce kev mob siab rau ntawm Soviet Union: los ntawm 1942 nws tau npaj kom tsis siv 131, 8 txhiab tons ntawm txhuas, tab sis ntau dua 175 txhiab tons. Ntxiv nrog rau qhov muaj nuj nqis ntau ntxiv hauv kev tsim cov khoom txhuas, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev txhim kho kom zoo ntawm cov hlau phom raws li "cov hlau uas muaj tis" tau npaj ua ntej hauv lub tebchaws. Duralumin lub dav hlau tau pib kho dua thiab pleev xim rau hauv pab tub rog ntau dua li lawv tau ya, uas yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tiv thaiv qis corrosion ntawm cov hlau. Lub sijhawm dhau los, Aviakhim cog tau tsim cov txheej txheem rau cladding duralumin nrog txhuas huv (uas, nyeg, tau npog hauv huab cua nrog cov yeeb yaj kiab tiv thaiv oxide muaj zog), thiab txij li xyoo 1932 cov txheej txheem no tau dhau los ua qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau tag nrho Soviet kev lag luam dav hlau.

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"Aluminium tshaib plab" cuam tshuam rau qhov tsis zoo ntawm lub dav hlau hauv tsev tsis yog tsuas yog chav kawm lub teeb ntawm U-2 thiab UT-2, tab sis kuj ntawm Yak-7 thiab LaGG-3 cov neeg sib ntaus. Piv txwv li, Yak-7 tus neeg tua rog yog lub dav hlau nrog cov ntoo ntoo thiab cov tawv ntoo ua plywood du. Tail ib feem ntawm lub hull, rudders thiab ailerons tau npog nrog daim ntaub. Tsuas yog lub cav lub cav thiab lub hauv paus ntawm lub qhov ntswg dav hlau tau ua los ntawm duralumin. Ntxiv mus, yog ib tus neeg sib ntaus sib tua tseem ceeb ntawm lub sijhawm ua rog, LaGG-3, feem ntau yog txhua yam ntoo. Lub nra hnyav ntawm nws cov qauv tau ua los ntawm qhov hu ua delta-wood. Cov kws tsav dav hlau tau txiav txim siab lub npe luv "LaGG" raws li "lacquered lav lub hleb." Txawm li cas los xij, 6,528 lub dav hlau tau tsim, suav nrog hauv cov chaw tsim khoom dav hlau ntawm Leningrad, thiab lawv tau koom nrog hauv kev tawm tsam. Raws li tub rog keeb kwm A. A. Pab, cov neeg tua rog no yog "raug kev puas tsuaj los ntawm German aluminium Me-109, uas los ntawm 1941 tau nce mus txog 600 km / h."

Alloys ntawm aluminium puag, yog li tsim nyog rau kev ya dav hlau, hauv USSR los ntawm kev pib ua tsov rog tau tawg los ntawm peb cov nroj tsuag: Voroshilov hauv Leningrad, Moscow No. 95 thiab Stupino lub teeb hlau cog cog No. 150 ua xyoo 1940. Thaum lub sijhawm tsim kho qhov kawg, lawv nquag tig mus rau Asmeskas kom pab. Xyoo 1935, ib tus neeg sawv cev coj los ntawm Andrei Tupolev tau mus rau Tebchaws Meskas, qhov uas nws pom tias cov ntawv loj ntawm duralumin 2, 5 meters los ntawm 7 meters tau siv dav hauv kev tsim dav hlau txawv teb chaws. Hauv USSR, lub sijhawm ntawd lawv tsis tuaj yeem ua daim ntawv ntau dua 1x4 meters - cov txheej txheem thev naus laus zis no tau muaj txij li xyoo 1922. Ib txwm, tsoomfwv nug Alcoa los muab ntau lub tshuab mills rau kev tsim cov ntawv zoo sib xws duralumin, tab sis cov lus teb tsis yog. Tsis tau muag cov mills rau Alcoa - qhov no yog li cas tus tswv lag luam qub ntawm Soviet Union, Henry Ford, yuav. Nws lub tuam txhab thiab ntau lwm tus hauv Tebchaws Meskas tau muab ntau lub tshuab milling loj rau txhuas txhuas rau USSR thaum xyoo 1930s lig. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, Stupino cog ib leeg hauv xyoo 1940 tsim 4191 tons ntawm cov khoom zoo duralumin dov.

Qhov thib kaum kaum ntawm kev yeej

Qhov kev poob loj tshaj plaws thaum pib ntawm Great Patriotic War rau kev lag luam txhuas yog Dneprovsky aluminium cog. Thaum ib nrab Lub Yim Hli, lawv tau sim kaw lub tso tsheb hlau luam German uas tau nrawm mus rau Zaporozhye los ntawm kev rhuav tshem ib feem ntawm Dnieper Hydroelectric Power Station, uas ua rau muaj neeg raug mob coob leej ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv thiab ntawm Pab Tub Rog liab thiab cov pej xeem. Kev khiav tawm ntawm Dneprovsky aluminium smelter, cov nroj tsuag loj tshaj plaws ntawm nws yam nyob hauv Europe, tau ua los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm siab nyob sab xis ntawm cov neeg German: Tus Thawj Kws Ua Haujlwm ntawm Glavaluminiya A. A. Kev khiav tawm ntawm cov yeeb ncuab hluav taws tas li (Nazis nyob ntawm lwm lub txhab nyiaj ntawm Dniep er) tau xaus rau lub Cuaj Hlis 16, 1941, thaum kawg ntawm ob txhiab lub tsheb laij teb nrog cov cuab yeej raug xa mus rau sab hnub tuaj. Cov neeg German tsis tau tswj hwm los tsim cov khoom txhuas ntawm Zaporozhye kev lag luam kom txog rau lub sijhawm tam sim ntawd. Raws li qhov xwm txheej zoo sib xws, Volkhov aluminium thiab Tikhvin alumina cov chaw lim dej tau raug tshem tawm.

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Thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 1941, kev tsim cov khoom duralumin dov tau tso tseg thiab tau rov qab los tsuas yog lub Tsib Hlis ntawm xyoo tom ntej. Tam sim no kev tsim khoom tsuas yog tsim los ntawm ob lub tuam txhab: cog tsis tau. 95 hauv Verkhnyaya Salda thiab cog tsis muaj. 150 ntawm Kuntsevo chaw nres tsheb. Lawm, vim yog kev ncua sijhawm ib ntus, qhov ntim ntawm cov khoom siv hlau tau poob, txawm tias me ntsis, los ntawm 3404 daim ntawv los ntawm 1940 txog 3196 lub dav hlau dav hlau xyoo 1941. Tab sis txij li xyoo 1942 qhov ntim ntawm duralumin aircraft ntau lawm tau nce zuj zus. Raws li txoj cai, Soviet kev lag luam kev lag luam tswj kom kov yeej qhov tsis txaus ntawm duralumin los ntawm lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1944 - nws yog thaum ntawd qhov ntim ntawm kev tsim khoom dav hlau ruaj khov. Hais txog cov neeg tua rog, qhov no tuaj yeem pom thaum Ua Haujlwm Bagration hauv Belarus, thaum lub dav hlau ntawm kev tsim ntawm SA pib tuaj txog ntawm xub ntiag. Lavochkin La-7. Feem ntau ntawm nws cov khoom thauj khoom tau ua los ntawm lub teeb hlau sib xyaw. Tus neeg tua rog tau zoo dua nws tus yeeb ncuab tseem ceeb, FW-190A, nrawm dua, nce tus nqi thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo. Thiab yog tias xyoo 1942 qhov kev loj hlob ntawm kev tsim khoom dav hlau tau piav qhia los ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev muaj peev xwm khiav tawm ntawm sab hnub poob mus rau sab hnub tuaj, tom qab ntawd xyoo 1943 txhuas cov nroj tsuag tau tshwm sim hauv lub tebchaws, uas tsis tau muaj dua ua ntej. Xyoo no nws tuaj yeem ua haujlwm los tsim Bogoslovsky aluminium cog hauv thaj av Sverdlovsk thiab Novokuznetsk aluminium cog hauv thaj av Kemerovo. Cov kws tshaj lij los ntawm kev tshem tawm yav dhau los Volkhov Aluminium thiab Tikhvin Alumina Nroj Tsuag tau muab kev pab loj hauv kev teeb tsa cov khoom txhuas ntawm cov tuam txhab no. Hais txog Theological Aluminium Plant, nws yuav tsum tau hais tias thawj aluminium smelting tau ua tiav tsuas yog nyob rau hnub tseem ceeb - Tsib Hlis 9, 1945. Thawj theem ntawm Novokuznetsk cog tau pib rov qab rau Lub Ib Hlis 1943. Nyob rau tib lub xyoo, txhuas txhuam hniav hauv USSR tau tshaj li qib ua ntej ua tsov rog 4%. Piv txwv li, tsuas yog Ural Aluminium Plant (UAZ) xyoo 1943 tsim 5.5 npaug ntau dua txhuas dua li ua ntej tsov rog.

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Pom tseeb, qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov txhuas txhuas hauv tsev tau kov yeej tsis yog tsis muaj kev pab los ntawm Asmeskas raws li qhov qiv-xaum txoj haujlwm. Yog li, rov qab rau Lub Xya Hli 1941, thaum tau txais hauv Kremlin tus kheej tus sawv cev ntawm Asmeskas Thawj Tswj Hwm G. Hopkins, Joseph Stalin tau teev npe cov roj av siab thiab cov txhuas rau tsim cov dav hlau ntawm cov kev xav tau tshaj plaws ntawm kev pab los ntawm Tebchaws Meskas. Hauv tag nrho, Tebchaws Asmeskas, Tebchaws Askiv thiab Canada tau muab kwv yees li 327 txhiab tons ntawm thawj txhuas. Puas yog ntau lossis tsawg? Ntawm qhov one tes, tsis ntau: Tebchaws Asmeskas ib leeg, nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm Cov Qiv-Lease, xa mus rau USSR 388 txhiab tons ntawm cov tooj liab ua kom huv, ntau yam khoom siv tsis txaus. Ntawm qhov tod tes, cov khoom siv los ntawm txawv teb chaws suav txog 125% ntawm qib aluminium ntau lawm hauv kev ua tsov rog hauv Soviet Union.

Kev vam meej hauv kev tsim cov khoom txhuas thaum lub sij hawm Great Patriotic War tau pom tsis yog tsuas yog hais txog kev nce ntim ntau lawm, tab sis kuj tseem txo qis kev siv hluav taws xob rau yaj. Yog li ntawd, xyoo 1943, USSR tau siv txuj ci thev naus laus zis ntawm txhuas hauv cov cub tawg, uas txo qis kev cia siab ntawm cov tuam txhab uas tsis yog hlau hlau rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Hauv tib lub xyoo, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev nruam nrum ntawm duralumin tau pib siv dav. Thiab ib xyoos dhau los, thawj zaug hauv keeb kwm ntawm kev lag luam ntawm Ural cog, tam sim no cov khoom siv txhuas tau tshaj 60 grams hlau rau 1 kilowatt-teev ntawm hluav taws xob ntawm qhov xav tau ntawm 56 grams. Qhov no yog ib qho laj thawj rau kev ua tiav zoo ntawm xyoo 1944 - UAZ tau txuag 70 lab kilowatt -teev ntawm hluav taws xob. Kuv xav tias nws yuav tsis muaj txiaj ntsig los tham txog qhov no txhais li cas rau kev tsim kev lag luam ntawm Soviet Union.

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