Thaum Lub Peb Hlis 15, 1990, qhov kev sib tham tshwj xeeb ntawm Tib Neeg Cov Neeg Sawv Cev ntawm USSR, tseem hu ua lub sijhawm ntawd "tus qauv ntawm pawg neeg uas tsis tuaj yeem rhuav tshem ntawm cov neeg tawm tsam thiab cov neeg tsis yog tog neeg," xaiv Mikhail Gorbachev tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Lub Tebchaws ntawm Soviets. Thawj thiab, raws li nws muab tawm sai sai no, zaum kawg.
Perestroika tau muab cov ntawv pov tseg muaj zog. Lub tebchaws Soviet tau kub taub hau ntawm kev sib cav sib ceg. Cov khw muag khoom tau nrawm nrawm. Tab sis lub tebchaws tau ntsib lub ntsej muag nrog kev ua tiav zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Gorbachev lub sijhawm-kev phooj ywg zoo nrog Sab Hnub Poob.
Lub ntsej muag dawb-toothed luag, phooj ywg pats ntawm lub xub pwg, ua qhov sib tham nyob ntawd, sib tham ntawm no … Lub teb chaws tau poob sib nrug ua ntej peb ob lub qhov muag: Lub Xeev Baltic, Caucasus tau ntog tawm hauv qab cov lus dag hauv tebchaws, Central Asia tau tawg mus. Nyob rau hauv Russia nws tus kheej (RSFSR), nthwv dej ntawm kev sib cav, kev txom nyem thiab kev kub ntxhov tau tshwm sim. Lub teb chaws tau poob txoj xov ntawm txoj cai txawv teb chaws los tiv thaiv kev txaus siab ntawm txoj kev nyob deb. Tab sis Mikhail Sergeevich tsis muaj nws ua ntej. Mikhail Sergeevich muaj kev zoo siab …
Tom qab tag nrho, nws tau raug txiav txim los ntawm cov phooj ywg ua nom tswv los ntawm cov teb chaws Europe thiab North America tau ntau xyoo, rub txhua qhov chaw, hais tias: "Mikhail Sergeevich ua qhov raug! Yog lawm!"
Tshem tawm cov tub rog los ntawm Afghanistan. Euphoria? - Euphoria. Phab ntsa Berlin tau tawg. Euphoria? - Zoo, tau kawg euphoria. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum Hans-Dietrich Genscher, Helmut Kohl, Douglas Hurd thiab lwm tus, lwm tus, lwm tus, tuav tes nrog Gorbachev, hais qee yam zoo li no: Zoo, koj tau muab nws, Misha!.. Peb tsis tau cia siab tias yuav tig. Lawv xav tias koj nyob ntawm lub rooj nrog koj lub nrig … Koj xav tias koj yuav xav tau cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj ruaj khov "hauv kev sib pauv" rau ib qib rau kev koom ua ke ntawm lub tebchaws Yelemes. Thiab koj, Michal Sergeich, ua tau zoo! - tau ua txhua yam hauv txoj kev uas nws nyuaj rau peb kom cia siab rau. Tom qab ntawd koj mus rau tom chaw haujlwm kom tau txais khoom plig Nobel.
Thiab Mikhail Sergeevich tawg paj. Kuv xav qhia nws kev ntseeg siab ntau dua rau cov phooj ywg Western ntawm USSR. Thiab cia, nws hais tias, tsis yog Tus Thawj Fwm Tsav Tebchaws ntawm Tsoom Fwv Tebchaws Communist ntawm Soviet Union, ua rau peb zaug raug txim los ntawm txhua tus tib neeg kev vam meej, Kuv yuav dhau los ua tus thawj coj ywj pheej tiag, kev txhawb nqa ntawm txhua tus neeg Soviet?
Zoo, tau kawg, Misha, - cov phooj ywg pom zoo. Puas yog nws tuaj yeem hais qhia tib neeg txog nplooj ntawv ntshav ntawm keeb kwm ntawm pawg neeg no? Ua koj tus thawj tswj hwm! Tsuas yog mloog nws lub suab: ua ntej z-dent! - caum, kev ywj pheej, tshiab!
Thiab dab tsi txog qhov tsis nthuav dav ntawm NATO, cov phooj ywg? - Koj ua phem rau, Michal Sergeich - txhua yam raws li tau cog lus: lawv tau hais tias NATO yuav tsis nthuav dav, tab sis NATO tsis nyob qhov twg, zoo li koj pom, thiab tsis nthuav dav. Peb lo lus, Michal Sergeich - granite, pob! Thiab qhov tseeb uas koj ntseeg peb tsuas yog zoo heev. Peb tsis ntseeg peb tus kheej, thiab peb cov neeg tsis ntseeg peb, tab sis koj ntseeg hauv peb - koj yog tus tsim kev nom tswv, dab ntxwg nyoog me - coj lwm yam los ntawm lub txee rau ntawd. Credit? - koj hais. - Zoo, koj yuav muaj qiv nyiaj - koj tseem tsis tau them - cov xeeb leej xeeb ntxwv yuav tau them tawm … Peb yuav tos qee qhov, qhov paj tau zoo - ob -lej, hauv duas las.
Txhua lo lus "lyrics" no yog dab tsi? Thiab qhov tseeb tias thaum kawg ntawm xyoo tas los, Tebchaws Asmeskas Cov Ntaub Ntawv Ruaj Ntseg Ruaj Ntseg ntawm George Washington University tau tshaj tawm cov ntaub ntawv uas suav nrog ntau cov ntawv thiab sau tseg, ib txoj hauv kev lossis lwm yam cuam tshuam nrog "kev lees paub", zoo li nws tau muab rau Soviet thaum ntawd hwj chim cov neeg tseem ceeb los ntawm Western cov koom tes. Cov ntaub ntawv muaj npe "NATO nthuav dav: Dab tsi Gorbachev Hnov".
Hauv cov ntawv ntev dua, nws tau hais ncaj qha tias, qhov tseeb, tsis muaj leej twg muab kev lees paub rau Gorbachev, tshwj tsis yog, ntawm chav kawm, cov lus los ntawm koob "Yog, peb tau qhia koj kom paub tseeb tias NATO yuav tsis nthuav dav" xam lav.
Dab tsi nyiam mloog?
Cov thawj coj nyob sab Europe, suav nrog Cov Neeg German, Askiv thiab Fab Kis, los ntawm qhov loj, lawv tsis ntseeg lawv tus kheej tias Gorbachev, tsis muaj qhov "tawv" thov los ntawm nws ib sab, yuav pom zoo kom swb tsis yog tsuas yog GDR, tab sis tag nrho pawg sab hnub tuaj. Yog li, ib tsab ntawv muaj nyob hauv Asmeskas cov ntaub ntawv tshaj tawm tau tshaj tawm, uas yog - cov lus ntawm lub taub hau ntawm German kev tshaj lij, Hans -Dietrich Genscher. Tsab ntawv tau xa mus rau Washington los ntawm Asmeskas Xab Tham Thuj hauv Bonn. Tshooj lus ntawm cov ntawv:
Cov kev hloov pauv hauv Tebchaws Europe Sab Hnub Tuaj thiab kev koom ua ke ntawm Lub Tebchaws Yelemees yuav tsum tsis txhob ua phem rau Soviet kev nyab xeeb kev nyab xeeb. Lub hom phiaj German sab hnub tuaj tsis suav nrog hauv NATO cov qauv kev ua tub rog. Lub Tebchaws Yelemees Sab Hnub Tuaj hauv qhov xwm txheej no yuav tsum muaj xwm txheej tshwj xeeb.
Los ntawm txoj kev, vim li ntawd, ib daim ntawv txawm tias yug los - Cuaj hlis 12, 1990 - uas tau lees paub qhov xwm txheej tsis zoo no rau yav dhau los GDR.
Tib Genscher txij Lub Ob Hlis 1990:
Lub tebchaws Soviet yuav tsum tau txais kev lees paub tias yog tias, piv txwv li, tus thawj coj Polish nyob rau qee lub sijhawm tawm ntawm Warsaw Pact Organization, tom qab hnub tom ntej nws yuav tsis koom nrog NATO.
Kev tsim cov lus no (lo lus tseem ceeb - IN WORDS) tau txais kev txhawb nqa los ntawm nom tswv London, uas, raws li nws ib txwm hais lus dag, dhau los ntawm lub qhov ncauj ntawm tus kws tshaj lij Askiv Askiv Txawv Tebchaws Douglas Hurd tshaj tawm: NATO yuav tsis txav ib sab hnub tuaj.
Asmeskas Tus Tuav Haujlwm Hauv Xeev James Baker tau khaws cov lus tam sim ntawd: Yog, yog, nws hais - Tsis yog ntiv tes …
Los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv luam tawm los ntawm American National Security Archives:
Tsis yog tsuas yog Soviet Union, tab sis lwm lub tebchaws tseem xav tau kev lees paub tias yog tias Tebchaws Asmeskas tswj hwm kev muaj nyob hauv Tebchaws Yelemees nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm NATO, ces tam sim no cov tub rog txoj cai txiav txim siab ntawm Alliance yuav tsis nce ib nti mus rau sab hnub tuaj.
Gorbachev tau raug nug: nws xav li cas qhov tseeb tias tom qab kev koom ua ke ntawm lub tebchaws Yelemes, cov tub rog Asmeskas tseem nyob rau sab hnub poob ntawm nws, lawv "tsis nce" mus rau sab hnub tuaj, zoo li tag nrho NATO kev tsim kho? Thiab tus Secretary General teb tias:
Tau kawg, tsis muaj kev nthuav dav ntawm NATO yog qhov siv tau.
Cov ntawv tseem ceeb tshaj plaws los ntawm Asmeskas cov ntaub ntawv khaws tseg nrog cov lus ntawm James Baker:
Nws hloov tawm tias NATO hauv nws cov ciam teb tam sim no (lub sijhawm ntawd - tus sau sau tseg) yog qhov siv tau.
Qhov no yeej tsis tau txhais tes ntawm Tebchaws Meskas. Txawm tias tseem tsis tau txuas ntxiv Washington txhais tes tau qhib ib qho "cog lus cog tseg" rau Gorbachev los ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm lub hauv paus kev txawj ntse (tus qauv ntawm CIA), Robert Gates. Yog tias tus tuav ntaub ntawv ntawm xeev, uas tsis paub npe hu ua tus neeg thib peb hauv Tebchaws Meskas tom qab tus thawj tswj hwm thiab tus lwm thawj coj, tseem tau sim qhia qee yam txog qhov tseeb tias Warsaw Pact lub tebchaws xav tau thaiv qhov muaj peev xwm koom nrog NATO, tom qab ntawd Gates, pom qhov tawg ntawm USSR, tau txiav txim siab sib txawv, hais qee yam zoo li hauv qab no: "Cov neeg, cia peb tsis txhob kaw txhua lub qhov rooj rau lawv (lub tebchaws ntawm" cov koomhaum koomhaum ")." Thiab nws tsis dag: thaum xub thawj lawv khaws lub qhov rooj ajar, tom qab ntawd lawv ua rau lawv qhib dav, thiab tsuas yog tam sim no lawv muab lub qhov rooj tig rau lawv kom tsuas yog cov uas yuav tuaj yeem yooj yim hauv NATO tuaj yeem nkag mus.
Qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tshaj tawm cov ntaub ntawv khaws tseg yog cov ntaub ntawv hais txog txoj haujlwm ntawm tom qab ntawd ua haujlwm raug cai Paris. Thiab cov tub ceev xwm Fab Kis tseem tsis tau ua tub rog nyob hauv tsev hais plaub Asmeskas thaum lub sijhawm ntawd. Yog li … Francois Mitterrand hais cov lus hauv qab no rau Gorbachev thaum lub Tsib Hlis 1990: kuv tus phooj ywg, kuv tus hlub, koj tuaj yeem mloog cov neeg Asmeskas, tau kawg, tab sis cia peb xav ua ke: yog txhua yam mus rau qhov tseeb tias Lub Tebchaws Yelemees tau koom siab tiag tiag, Warsaw Pact Lub Koom Haum tau raug tshem tawm, tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem tsim nyog nug cov lus nug tias cov tub rog tsis tuaj yeem yuav tsum tau tshem tawm tag nrho.
Ntawd yog, muaj qhov qhia tsis meej tias Gorbachev tuaj yeem ua tau tshem tawm ntawm NATO ib qho xwm txheej rau pom zoo kev sib koom ua ke ntawm FRG thiab GDR.
Txawm li cas los xij, raws li paub zoo, yav tom ntej tus yeej khoom plig Nobel yeej tsis ua ib yam zoo li ntawd. Ua haujlwm tiav, nws tau txaus siab nrog kev hais lus lees paub ntawm kev ruaj ntseg ntawm USSR thiab tsis nthuav dav ntawm NATO.
Tab sis tiag tiag, yam tiv thaiv kab laum nyob hauv kuv lub taub hau kuv yuav tsum yog lub sijhawm ntawd txhawm rau txhawb … uh-uh … thiab Eastern OVD. Nws tau tsim nyog tau txais khoom plig Nobel. Tab sis … NATO, raws li lub tsev haujlwm tub rog, tau muaj txoj sia nyob. Thiab yog tias, raws li qhov qub siv los hais, rab phom dai ntawm phab ntsa, tom qab ntawd nws yuav yeej (raws li txoj cai ntawm hom ntawv) tua. Thiab nws tau rho tawm … Nws tseem raug rho tawm kom nws txhaws pob ntseg.
Yog li, ntau yam tuaj yeem hais niaj hnub no ntawm cov ncauj lus: Mikhail Gorbachev raug dag los ntawm cov neeg dag ntxias Western nrog lawv cov lus cog tseg, tab sis tsuas yog rau lub taub hau ntawm lub ntiaj teb lub xeev loj tshaj plaws nrog cov tub rog muaj zog, sib koom ua ke ntawm cov kev pabcuam tshwj xeeb, kev xav tsim los rau ntau caum xyoo, qhov no tsis yog qhov piav qhia meej. Qhov tseeb, tau qhib kev lees paub ntawm lub xeev kev txaus siab. Cia qhov no muaj tseeb nrog hwj txwv, tab sis cov ntaub ntawv luam tawm los ntawm Asmeskas ib zaug ntxiv qhov tseeb no.
Ib zaug ntxiv - txuas rau cov ntaub ntawv luam tawm hauv Tebchaws Meskas. Muaj qee yam yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau.
