"Hirschlanden Warrior": Hallstatt Kuros ntawm Bronze Age (ntu 4)

"Hirschlanden Warrior": Hallstatt Kuros ntawm Bronze Age (ntu 4)
"Hirschlanden Warrior": Hallstatt Kuros ntawm Bronze Age (ntu 4)

Video: "Hirschlanden Warrior": Hallstatt Kuros ntawm Bronze Age (ntu 4)

Video:
Video: The Naruto Ninja run. 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
Anonim

Peb txuas ntxiv mus kom paub cov neeg nyeem "VO" nrog kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Lub Hnub Nyoog Bronze, uas tau tso tseg tom qab cov khoom muaj nqis zoo thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Qhov tseeb, qhov no yog lub sijhawm thib ob ntawm kev hloov pauv thoob ntiaj teb, thaum, tom qab Hnub Nyoog Pob Zeb, ntawm lub hauv paus tshiab ntawm kev sib pauv hlau (ua ntej uas lawv sib pauv pob zeb thiab pob txha), lawv tsim kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov av uas sib nrug ntau txhiab kilometers ntawm ib leeg.

Cov tib neeg tsis kam sau ntawv lossis nws tsuas yog thaum nws tseem tsis tau tiav, tab sis lawv twb muaj lub tswv yim ntawm kev tshawb fawb astronomy (tib yam "disk los ntawm Nebra") thiab paub yuav tsim lub tsev zoo li cas. Lawv tau pib tsim cov duab puab pob zeb loj li ib tus tib neeg, uas lawv ua tsis tau kev nco txog lawv cov phooj ywg pab pawg neeg ib-tiam. Ib qho ntawm cov pej thuam no, daim duab ntawm tus tub rog liab qab tau muab txiav tawm ntawm cov xuab zeb, tau pom los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb keeb kwm xyoo 1962 thaum lub sijhawm khawb av ntawm Hirschlanden faus hauv Dietzingen, uas yog koom nrog Hallstatt kab lis kev cai. Nws hnub rov qab mus rau xyoo pua 6. BC NS. thiab yog ib lub cim tshwj xeeb kiag li, txij li thaum ntxov tib neeg qhov siab qhov siab saum qaum teb ntawm Alps tsis paub txog keeb kwm. Qhov kev tshawb pom no tau nthuav tawm hauv Lub Tsev Qub Stuttgart (hauv German, Altes Schloss), qhov chaw Tsev khaws puav pheej Xeev Württemberg nyob niaj hnub no.

Duab
Duab

"Hirschlanden Warrior" - cov duab puab tau teeb tsa ntawm qhov chaw nws pom, thiab qhov chaw ntawm Hirschlanden qhov chaw faus neeg.

Ib tug pej thuam ntawm tus txiv neej sawv tau pom thaum xyoo 1962 khawb ntawm Hirschlanden, ze Ludwigsburg thiab kwv yees li tsib kilometers sab qab teb ntawm Hochdorf. Tus pej thuam tau pom ncaj ncaj qab lub phab ntsa pob zeb qis uas nyob ib puag ncig toj siab ob metres thiab tsis pub tsawg tshaj nees nkaum meters hauv txoj kab uas hla. Kev yaig ntawm kev xa ntawv thiab qib ib feem ntawm cov pob zeb, tab sis cov kws tshawb fawb tau tswj hwm kom nrhiav tau kaum kaum qhov kev faus neeg thaum lub sijhawm lig thib 6 - thaum xyoo pua thib 5 BC, lossis qhov kawg ntawm Hallstatt era. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev khawb av tau luam tawm xyoo 1975, thiab cov kws tshawb fawb tau tsom mus rau yuav luag tag nrho ntawm qhov pom ntawm "tub rog".

Duab
Duab

Lub tsev ntawm Xeev Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Württemberg.

Ua los ntawm cov xuab zeb hauv zos, uas tsuas yog xya kilometers los ntawm nws qhov chaw nyob hauv cheeb tsam Stuben, tus pej thuam tau hnyav heev, uas qhia tias nws tau tawm sab nraum zoov ntev. Cov ceg qis tau pom sib cais los ntawm lub cev thiab txuas rau daim duab hauv tsev cia puav pheej. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, qhov siab ntawm daim duab tau dhau los ua ib thiab ib nrab metres. Kev sib xyaw ua ke, daim duab yog qhov yooj yim heev, nrog cov menyuam loj thiab cov ncej puab zoo li tsis pom kev thiab tsis sib xws hauv kev cuam tshuam nrog lub cev nyias nyias nrog lub taub hau me me, uas yog qhov tsis paub tseeb rau cov kws sau keeb kwm keeb kwm uas tsis nkag siab vim li cas thiaj li ua li no. Tseeb tiag, txuj ci ntawm cov neeg txua ntoo thaum ub yog kom meej meej tsis txhob raug tsis lees paub. Lub xub pwg pob txha tau nthuav dav thiab mus rau tom ntej thiab tau hais kom meej los ntawm cov lus piav qhia dav dav ntawm lub xub pwg hniav. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, sab xub ntiag ntawm lub cev yog tiaj heev thiab zoo li slab. Cov caj npab yuag raug nias nruj rau lub cev. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tsis hla lossis txuas nrog nws. Lub taub hau me me tig rov qab me ntsis; kev khaws lub ntsej muag yog qhov tsis zoo, yog li nws nyuaj rau tham txog nws cov yam ntxwv. Ob yam yog qhov tseeb. Ua ntej peb yog tus txiv neej thiab nws tau ua tub rog.

"Hirschlanden Warrior": Hallstatt Kuros ntawm Bronze Age (ntu 4)
"Hirschlanden Warrior": Hallstatt Kuros ntawm Bronze Age (ntu 4)

Ib daim duab ntawm qhov chaw khawb av.

Cov duab puab hu ua ob qho tib si "stele" thiab "kriegerstele" (tus tub rog stele), thiab "kuro-keltos" lossis "celtic kouros". Nws yeej tsis yog "stele" nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ib txwm ntawm Greek ancient qhov ntxa, raws li nws tsis muaj cov duab plaub ua tom qab nws. Kev txhais lus ntawm tus mlom raws li tus tub rog tau hais tawm vim tias nws muaj tus yam ntxwv zoo li rab ntaj nrog tus kav hlau txais xov tuav ntawm nws txoj siv. Thaum xub thawj, lub kaus mom conical tau tshaj tawm tias yog lub kaus mom hlau, tab sis txij li pom pom lub kaus mom ntoo tawv ntoo hauv Hochdorf faus, Hirschlanden tus tub rog tau ntseeg tias yuav hnav lub kaus mom zoo sib xws. Muaj ob kab txaij nyias nyob ib ncig ntawm nws lub duav, thiab nyob ib ncig ntawm nws lub caj dab muaj qee yam zoo li hryvnia tuab.

Duab
Duab

Yees duab coj ntawm qhov chaw. Yog li ntawd lawv thiaj pom nws.

Tam sim no cia peb sim teb cov lus nug, nws yuav yog dab tsi? Cov kev cai teeb tsa cov pob zeb faus rau ntawm lub hauv paus votive lossis rau qee lub hom phiaj zoo sib xws tau muaj nyob hauv Iron Age Europe. Sab qaum teb Ltalis muaj keeb kwm yav dhau los ntev dhau los ntawm kev txua zeb pob zeb nrog ntau lossis tsawg tus neeg ua kom zoo nkauj. Piv txwv li, ntawm Philae nyob rau sab qaum teb Tuscany, tau pom lub pob zeb slab rov los txog rau xyoo pua 6 BC nrog cov duab ntawm cov tub rog siv; lub cev sab saud tau sib cais los ntawm lub cev qis los ntawm ob sab, zoo ib yam li txoj siv los ntawm cov tub rog Hirschlanden. Ob txhais ceg tau nthuav tawm hauv qhov profile hauv kev nyem ntiav. Ib rab yaj phom nrog tus tuav nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm Hallstatt-hom kav hlau txais xov tau muab txiav rau sab xis ntawm lub lauj kaub.

Duab
Duab

Nov yog nws qhov pom tom qab.

Thaj chaw ib puag ncig Stuttgart tshwj xeeb yog nplua nuj hauv Hallstatt thiab La Tien steles. Muaj ib lub stele los ntawm Lindele, Hallstatt era, muaj qhov pom los ntawm Stammheim, 162 m siab. Tab sis tsis muaj qhov tsis ntseeg tias "tus tub rog Hirschlanden" ntau dua … "sculpted" dua li cov pob zeb. Ntawd yog, muaj keeb kwm ntawm cov steles lossis cov duab puab tuag.

Ntau tus Celtic steles thiab cov duab puab pob zeb tau pom hauv lossis ze ntawm lub qhov ntxa, uas qhia tias thaum xub thawj lawv sawv ntawm saum lub ntxa, zoo li peb "Cov poj niam Polovtsian". Raws li ntau tus kws tshawb fawb, lub tswv yim no tau los rau Tebchaws Europe los ntawm tim Nkij teb chaws, thiab qee tus hais tias "tsis tuaj yeem tsis ntseeg tias lub tswv yim los ua lub ntsej muag faus nrog lub pob zeb zoo nkauj ntawm tus neeg tuag thaum kawg sawv los ntawm Greek ntiaj teb kev xav.. " Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Celtic kev coj noj coj ua tshwm sim rau kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov neeg Greek nyob hauv lub dav hlau ntawm kev coj noj coj ua ntev-kev coj ua; txawm li cas los xij, muaj tus lej "buts". Ua ntej, cov neeg Greek qub tsis tau faus lawv cov neeg tuag hauv cov mounds; Qhov thib ob, cov duab puab marble - kuros thiab cov tawv ntoo, piav qhia cov txiv neej liab qab thiab hnav khaub ncaws poj niam, feem ntau pom nyob hauv qhov chaw dawb huv, thiab lawv cov "duab" tus yam ntxwv tseem yog qhov kev sib tham.

Duab
Duab

"Ntawm lub ntsej muag ntawm qhov txaus ntshai, zoo sab hauv" - qhov no tau hais meej txog peb Galstadt. "Thiab tseem nyob hauv lub kaus mom!" - kev txawj ntse qub qub.

Lub npe "kuro-keltos" tau muab rau tus tub rog vim tias nws ob txhais ceg loj zoo li cov leeg tsis sib xws hauv kev sib piv nrog lwm tus hauv daim duab, thiab tiag tiag nco txog kev thuam kev thuam ntawm Greek kouros, cov duab ntawm cov hluas muab tso rau hauv qhov ntxa lossis hauv cov tuam tsev. Hauv lub hauv paus no, ntau tus kws tshawb fawb German qhia tias tus kws kos duab yog neeg Greek lossis tau kawm paub sab qab teb ntawm Alps hauv kev lig kev cai Greek thaum ub. Hauv ntau qhov xwm txheej, ob tus neeg Greek cov kws puab yog lub luag haujlwm tsuas yog rau sab qis ntawm tus pej thuam, thaum tus kws tshaj lij hauv zos tau kos rau sab saud, lossis tag nrho tus pej thuam yog kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus kws txua ntoo tau kawm hauv ob qho tib si hauv zos thiab Greek.

Yog tias peb xav tias qhov ib nrab yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj ntawm daim duab, thiab qhov no yog los ntawm cov laj thawj ntawm yam, thiab yog tias cov style Greek tau muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua li qhov hauv ib cheeb tsam, tom qab ntawd nws ua tsis nkag siab vim li cas cov neeg Greek cov duab puab yuav tsum tau muab txiav tawm qhov tseem ceeb tsawg kawg ntawm nws. Ib zaug ntxiv, yog tias tsuas muaj ib tus kws puab uas paub txog cov txheej txheem Greek, vim li cas nws thiaj tsis sau daim duab saum toj no hauv Greek style? Ntawd yog, koj tsis tau ua ntau dua lossis tsawg dua kouros?

Kuj tseem muaj lus piav qhia rau qhov no. Qee tus kws tshawb fawb tau hais tias tag nrho cov duab puab tau muab sau ua Greek kouros. Tom qab ntawd nws tau puas los yog, rau qee qhov laj thawj, tau rov qab los ntawm tus kws kos duab hauv zos uas ua haujlwm hauv kev coj ua ntawm Celtic stelae.

Duab
Duab

Nov yog qhov tshwm sim yog tias koj ua ke "tus tub rog" thiab kouros.

Tab sis yog tias koj superimpose daim duab ntawm "tub rog Hirschlanden" ntawm ib tus paub kuros, ces … tsis muaj dab tsi yuav los ntawm nws. Cov nuj nqis tsis sib xws, yog li nws tseem tsis tuaj yeem hais tias "tub rog" tau ua los ntawm kouros. Tej zaum tus pej thuam tau tsim tsa rau ntawm ib puag ncig 500 BC. Thiab yog tias qhov no yog li, tom qab ntawd nws tseem tsis tau paub meej thiab vim li cas lub neej Greek cov kouros tau muab txua los ntawm cov pob zeb hauv zos thiab khaws cia rau qee qhov chaw ntev (txij li "era ntawm kouros" hauv Greek Greek kos duab tau ntev txog 650 BC). - 500 BC), thiab tom qab ntawd qee qhov laj thawj tau hloov pauv rau kev rov siv dua. Thiab feem ntau, yuav luag tag nrho cov kuros tsawg kawg ib nrab xyoo dhau los tshaj li "tub rog Hirschlanden". Thiab yog tias tsis laus dua, ces lawv tsis zoo li nws.

Duab
Duab

Marble kouros los ntawm cov kob Cyprus, 500 - 475 BC BC (Tsev khaws puav pheej Askiv) Raws li koj tuaj yeem pom, nws qhov sib txawv yog qhov sib txawv kiag li!

Duab
Duab

Kouros los ntawm Ptun, Boeotia, kwv yees li. 530 - 520 ib BC Qhov siab 1.60 m. (National Museum, Athens)

Ntawd yog, feem ntau, nws pom tseeb tias "tus tub rog Hirschlanden" tsis tau txiav tawm ntawm Greek kouros. Tsis muaj ib tus neeg Greek sculptor ib yam nkaus. Kev ua tiav ntawm Greek kab lis kev cai tsis txhawb los ntawm cov duab puab los ntawm Hirschlanden; tsis muaj ib yam zoo sib xws hauv kev faib ua feem, txoj haujlwm, nplai, cov khoom siv lossis cov qauv nto uas qhia tias muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm tim Nkij teb chaws. Qhov tseeb ntawm qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm ob txhais ceg yog dawb thiab txhais ceg tau tsim zoo tsis txaus los ua pov thawj Greek keeb kwm ntawm daim duab no.

Duab
Duab

Tseeb, qhov kuros no muaj ob txhais ceg … lawv tiag tiag yog ceg! (Tsev khaws puav pheej Archaeological, Athens)

Tag nrho txhua qhov, "Warrior Hirschlanden" yog qhov ua haujlwm hauv lub nroog ntxim nyiam heev thiab tsis paub meej. Thiab nws tsis yog ua pov thawj ntawm Hellenization ntawm Celts lig ntawm Hallstatt kab lis kev cai. Muaj txaus ntawm nws tus kheej. Txawm hais tias … leej twg paub, tej zaum qee tus Celtic thaum ub tau mus xyuas tim Nkij teb chaws qub, tau ntxim siab los ntawm cov kouros hauv zos, thiab tom qab ntawd, rov qab los, piav qhia qhov nws pom rau tus tswv paub pob zeb, thiab nws txiav tawm ntawm pob zeb hauv zos qhov nws xav tau raws li rau nws zaj dab neeg Zoo, thiab hais txog txoj haujlwm ntawm txhais tes, tus neeg taug kev thaum ub no yooj yim tsis qhia nws dab tsi …

Hmoov zoo, cov neeg Greek tsis xav tau los ua pov thawj dab tsi thiab lawv tsis ua rau muaj kev xav tsis meej pem hauv ntej. Txwv tsis pub lawv tuaj yeem hais tias: "Tag nrho cov neeg pleev duab European tau nqis los ntawm peb cov kouros, thiab pov thawj ntawm qhov no yog" tus tub rog Hirschlanden "!

Pom zoo: