Thiab nws tau npaj rau lawv Uzziah, rau tag nrho cov tub rog, daim ntaub thaiv thiab hmuv, thiab lub kaus mom hlau thiab cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv, thiab hneev nti thiab pob zeb hlais.
2 Vaj Keeb Kwm 26:14
Kev ua tub rog ntawm qhov tig ntawm lub sijhawm. Peb rov rov qab mus rau lub ncauj lus ntawm cov txiv neej caij nees ntawm caj npab, thiab txhua qhov vim tias hauv 1700 lawv cov keeb kwm tsis tau xaus hlo li. Nws tsuas yog qhov no tau dhau los ua yam tseem ceeb hauv keeb kwm ntawm kev ua tub rog. Cov kev hloov pauv, ib txwm muaj, tau pib ntev ua ntej hnub tim no, tab sis suav nrog maj mam. Thiab tom qab ntawd txhua qhov tshwm sim thiab tshwm sim nws tus kheej, thiab ib zaug hauv ntau lub tebchaws. Ib qho ntxiv, xyoo no yog pib ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Qaum Teb, uas tau kav ntev txog 21 xyoo, thaum kawg kev ua tsov rog loj nyob hauv Europe, Peb caug Xyoo, tau kav 30 xyoo.
Txhawm rau pib nrog, cia peb rov qab hais tias twb tau nyob hauv Tudor England, cov riam phom ib txwm ntawm ib tus tub rog yog lub kaus mom hlau bourguignot, lub tais nrog cov neeg tiv thaiv thiab phaj "kav" rau caj npab. Cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv npog tus neeg caij lub cev mus txog rau lub hauv caug, yog li lawv tau raug hu ua "peb lub hlis twg cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv"! Cov Dutch cuirassiers, "dub reitars", cov txiv neej ntawm caj npab ntawm Emperor Maximilian I, thiab, qhov tseeb, xyaum ua txhua qhov hnyav cavalry ntawm Tebchaws Europe tau ua tub rog zoo ib yam.
Qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov tom ntej, XVII xyoo pua, tau cim los ntawm kev nplij siab los ntawm cov tub rog hnyav. Lub kaus mom "lauj kaub" (lauj kaub) tsis npog lub ntsej muag tag nrho, txawm hais tias nws muaj "visor" ntawm peb txoj hlua. Hnov lub kaus mom nrog cov hlau thav duab, lub hauv siab ntawm lub tog raj kheej thiab cov hlau txuas rau sab laug tau siv. Cov tub rog caij tsheb hnyav tshaj plaws ntawm lub sijhawm no yog cov neeg hle hws hauv tebchaws Poland, uas txawv lawv tus kheej tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob ze Vienna xyoo 1683.
Lub caij no, lawv lub sijhawm tab tom los ze. Qhov tseeb yog tias txhua lub phom sib ntaus sib tua phom phom no tau tsim los rau kev sib ntaus nrog ob hom tub rog: musketeers thiab pikemen. Tab sis baguette bayonet, uas tau tshwm sim nyob rau nruab nrab ntawm xyoo pua 17th, ua rau qhov kev faib no tsis tsim nyog. Tam sim no cov musketeers tuaj yeem tiv thaiv lawv tus kheej tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam tub rog. Cov tub rog Fab Kis tau nruab nrog cov phom hauv xyoo 1689, Brandenburg-Prussia ua raws tus piv txwv ntawm Fab Kis hauv tib lub xyoo, thiab Denmark tau ua tub rog nrog tub rog nyob hauv 1690. Nyob rau hauv Russia, baguettes tso rau hauv lub thoob tau tshwm sim hauv 1694, thiab Fabkis txoj style bayonets nrog raj-nozzle hauv 1702 hauv cov neeg zov, thiab los ntawm 1709 hauv tag nrho pab tub rog.
Tam sim no cov tub rog tau ntsib cov tub rog tua rog nrog rau hluav taws thiab phom ntev, yog li cov kev tawm tsam ntawm nws qhov kev hloov pauv mus rau qhov loj tshaj. Kev tua los ntawm tus nees los ntawm rab yaj phom tau hloov los ntawm lub tshuab nrog cov riam phom sib ntaus, thiab rab yaj phom, txawm hais tias lawv tau tawm mus rau cov tub rog, tau siv ntau rau kev tiv thaiv tus kheej ntau dua rau kev tua cov yeeb ncuab tub rog ntawm tshav rog. Tsis muaj lus nug txog ib qho caracolatization tam sim no. Qhov kev tawm tsam, raws li txoj cai, tau ua nyob rau hauv ob txhais ceg tsim, hauv caug rau hauv caug (uas yog vim li cas siab, tawv tawv tau dhau los ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov khaub ncaws hnyav rau cov tub rog hnyav) thiab tag nrho gallop txhawm rau txo lub sijhawm siv hluav taws. Ib zaug ntxiv, lub kaus mom hlau ntawm lub taub hau tam sim no xav tau ntau heev los tiv thaiv riam phom riam phom li tiv thaiv nws los ntawm nees nees ya tawm ntawm hooves! Hauv nees lava, nees nees kuj ya tawm thiab ua rau neeg tuag taus txaus ntshai rau cov neeg caij tsheb, tab sis … tam sim ntawd cov neeg caij tsheb tau dhia nrawm ib leeg tom qab ib leeg, thiab qhov pheej hmoo yuav tau nees nees ntawm lub taub hau tau nce ntau zaus ntau dua.
Tus nqi hluav taws ntawm cov phom tshiab, los ntawm qhov lawv tua tsis tau sawv ntsug, tseem nce ntxiv thiab mus txog ob zaug ib feeb. Kev sim nthuav tawm tau ua hauv Austria nrog riam phom los ntawm tsev khaws khoom pov thawj ua los ntawm 1571 thiab 1700. Lub hom phiaj yog lub cev ntawm tib neeg daim duab ntawm qhov siab nruab nrab. Lub dummy tau raug rho tawm ntawm qhov deb ntawm 30 thiab 100 m. Kwv yees li 20 tus npliag-bore arquebus, log thiab phom flintlock tau raug sim. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tsoo ntawm qhov deb ntawm 100 m los ntawm rab phom txuas rau lub rooj ntev zaum sib txawv ntawm 40 txog 50 feem pua. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, rab phom 17 hli ntawm qhov deb ntawm 30 m tuaj yeem nkag mus rau cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv nrog cov tuab ntawm 3-4 hli, thiab ntawm 100 m-cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv nrog tuab ntawm 1-2 hli (rau kev sib piv: rab phom Belgian FN tuaj yeem nkag mus rau 12 mm ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv ntawm qhov deb ntawm 100 m). Ntxiv mus, qhov sib txawv ntawm riam phom ntawm 17th thiab 18th xyoo pua. tsuas yog tom qab ntawd cov qauv tau sib dua thiab muaj qhov hluav taws kub ntau dua. Peb rab phom kuj tau raug sim, ib qho yog ua hauv xyoo 1620 thiab lwm yam ob zaug hauv xyoo 1700. Lawv qhov tseeb ntawm qhov deb ntawm 30 m (tseem txuas rau lub rooj xeem) tau siab dua: los ntawm 85 txog 95 feem pua. Tag nrho peb rab phom tuaj yeem nkag mus rau 2mm cov cuab yeej phom.
Ib pliag, cov tub rog tiv thaiv tub rog tau sim tua cov tub rog rov qab siv cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv uas tiv thaiv muskets thiab cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tiv thaiv rab yaj phom, tab sis ua ke lawv hnyav ntau dua 15 kg, thiab kev tiv thaiv no tsis yog qhov tseeb lawv cov nqi siab lossis tsis yooj yim. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, twb pib thaum xyoo pua 18th, Fab Kis, Bavaria, Austria, Saxony, Brandenburg, Denmark thiab Holland sab laug rau lawv cov cuirassiers tsuas yog cuirassiers thiab lub kaus mom, uas lawv hnav cov hlua hlau. Xyoo 1698, Tebchaws Askiv tau tshem tawm kev siv cov cuab yeej ua rog hauv cov tub rog rog, tab sis xyoo 1707 tau rov tsim dua lub tsho khiab mis uas hnav hauv qab lub tsho (!) Cuirass tsis tau hnav kom txog rau thaum kev ua koob tsheej ntawm George IV (1821), thiab tom qab ntawd tsuas yog siv hauv Tus Saib Xyuas Nees.
Qhov hnyav ntawm cuirass yog li 5 kg, thiab tuab yog li 2-3 hli. Ntawd yog, lub plhaub zoo li tau npaj ua ntej los tiv thaiv tus neeg caij tsheb los ntawm kev chop thiab riam phom, tab sis nws qhov ua tau zoo tiv thaiv phom yog nyob ntawm qhov deb ntawm qhov uas tau raug tua. Txog thaum nruab nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, cov tais diav tau tsim los ntawm cov phaj kub hlau ntawm cov hlau loj ntawm cov duab tshwj xeeb. Thawj kab ntawv txias-nias bibs tau ua hauv Prussia tsuas yog xyoo 1755. Cov thev naus laus zis tshiab no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm los tsim cov khoom loj ntawm cuirasses ntawm tus qauv zoo.
Txawm li cas los xij, cia peb rov qab mus rau tebchaws Askiv, qhov twg hauv 1660 Charles II tau pib kav dua. Nws tshem tawm cov tub rog uas twb muaj lawm thiab tsim tshiab. Tshwj xeeb, los ntawm 600 tus neeg muaj koob muaj npe uas ua raws nws mus rau kev ntiab tawm, peb lub tuam txhab tau tsim los: Nws Tus Huab Tais txoj Kev Ncaj Ncees, Duke of York's Detachment thiab Duke of Albemarle's Detachment (General Monk, uas tau ua ntau yam los kho kom muaj koob muaj npe hauv tebchaws Askiv. Kev tshem tawm tau tshwm sim hauv Scotland, tsis ntev tom qab Kev Txum Tim Rov Qab los ntawm vaj ntxwv.
Xyoo 1685, James II hloov Charles II, tab sis peb xyoos tom qab nws tau raug rhuav tshem hauv qhov hu ua kev hloov ntshav tsis muaj ntshav ("Glorious Revolution"). Thaum nws kav, Askiv cov tub rog caij nees yog cov cuab yeej zoo tshaj plaws, tau kawm paub zoo tshaj plaws, thiab tau them nyiaj ntau tshaj li niaj hnub ua rog nyob hauv Europe. Xya tus tub rog rog, tsib tau tsim nyob rau hauv 1685 thiab ob ntxiv hauv 1688.
Xyoo 1746, vim li cas kev khwv nyiaj txiag, cov tuam txhab thib 3 thiab thib 4 hauv txhua tus tub rog tau raug tshem tawm, thiab thawj peb lub koomhaum tau hloov pauv mus rau qhov pheej yig dua, tab sis lawv tseem tau teev npe ua tus tiv thaiv. Xyoo 1678, Kev Tiv Thaiv Nees Grenadier Detachment kuj tau tsim, thiab cov nees grenadiers tau tshwm sim hauv txhua qhov kev sib cais. Qhov thib ob, lossis Scottish, Squad of Mounted Grenadiers tau tsim xyoo 1702. Xyoo 1746, thaum cov tub rog nees sib ntaus sib tua pib tsis faib ua plaub, tab sis ua ob ntu, lawv tau muab cov npe ntawm Thawj thiab Thib Ob Thib Ob.
Xyoo 1788, Thawj Tus Saib Xyuas Nees thiab Thawj Nees Grenadiers tau dhau los ua Tus Thawj thiab Thib Ob ntawm Cov Saib Xyuas Lub Neej. Ua ntej ntawd, lawv tau raug hu ua Tus Saib Xyuas Nees, tab sis tam sim no lawv tau txais lub npe no. Lawv tau muaj xws li kom txog thaum xyoo 1922, thaum ob qho ntawm cov tub rog no tau sib koom ua ke.
Cov Neeg Tiv Thaiv Lub Neej Askiv xub nkag mus rau kev sib ntaus ntawm Maastricht xyoo 1673. Nws tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev swb ntawm pab tub rog ntawm Duke of Monmouth ntawm Sedgemur hauv 1685. Thaum Tsov Rog ntawm Boyne hauv xyoo 1690, nws tau tawm tsam tiv thaiv cov tub rog qub ntawm Jacob II, thiab ntawm Tsov Rog Landen xyoo 1695, raws li William III hais kom ua, nws tau tawm tsam thawj zaug nrog Fab Kis lub tsev pheeb suab ntaub. Qhov no tau ua raws li Kev Tsov Rog ntawm Austrian Kev Tuav Pov Hwm, Dettingen thiab Fontenoy, ntxiv rau kev koom nrog hauv Napoleonic Wars thiab Kev Sib Tw nto moo ntawm Waterloo. Xyoo 1882, ua ke Kev Tiv Thaiv Lub Neej thiab 1st Dragoon Regiment tau sib ntaus hauv Egypt hauv ib qho ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua hu ua Battle of Cassassin.
Tab sis cov koog no tsis hnav khaub ncaws ntev, txawm hais tias lawv hnav lawv niaj hnub no. Muaj tseeb, cov cuirass ntawm daim ntawv tam sim no yog rau kev kav ntawm George IV. Tus Saib Xyuas Lub Neej Thib Ob tau hnav cov xim pleev xim dub rau ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas xyoo 1814, tab sis tsis muaj pov thawj pom tias lawv tau siv rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua tom qab kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th. Qhov ntawd yog qib ntawm kev tsis ntseeg siab ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv lub sijhawm ntawd ntawm cov tub rog Askiv!
