Hauv kab lus no peb yuav tham me ntsis txog Celts, leej twg los ntawm nruab nrab ntawm VIII xyoo pua. BC NS. thiab kom txog rau thaum lub sijhawm qub thiab tshiab dhau los yog tus tswv tiag tiag ntawm Tebchaws Europe.
Thaum lub siab tshaj plaws ntawm lawv txoj kev nthuav dav, pab pawg Celtic tau nyob hauv thaj tsam ntawm Fabkis, Belgium, Switzerland, Askiv Isles, thaj tsam sab qaum teb ntawm Ltalis, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, Spain, thiab Balkan Peninsula. Ntawm daim ntawv qhia no, peb pom thaj tsam European nyob ntawm Celts. Thaj chaw uas, raws li ntau tus kws sau keeb kwm, thawj pab pawg Celtic tau hais haum yog xim daj:
Nws ntseeg tias nws yog Celts uas yog thawj tus hauv Tebchaws Europe kawm paub yuav ua li cas thiaj ua cov cuab yeej hlau. Ib qho ntxiv, nws ntseeg tias lawv yog thawj tus neeg Europe tau hnav lub ris.
Peb tuaj yeem txiav txim siab txog qhov pom ntawm Celts los ntawm cov lus ntawm Roman keeb kwm Polybius, uas tau sau:
"Cov neeg no siab thiab tawv, zoo nkauj thiab xiav-eyed."
Diodorus ntawm Siculus tshaj tawm tias qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov pom ntawm Celtic cov tub rog yog cov khaub ncaws zoo nkauj (feem ntau txaij los yog checkered), cov plaub hau ntev thiab plaub hau uas sawv ncaj, zoo li tus nees mane (rau qhov Celts moistened lawv hauv cov txiv qaub).
Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm Celts yog kev ua liaj ua teb thiab kev yug nyuj.
Celts tau mus txog qhov kawg ntawm lawv lub zog hauv IV-III ib-paus xyoo. BC NS. Hauv 390 (raws li lwm qhov hloov tshiab - hauv 387), lawv txawm tias tshem Rome. Hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Dej Allia, tus thawj coj ntawm pawg neeg Celtic (Gallic) Senone, Brennus, txiav txim siab tsis tua lub zog tseem ceeb ntawm cov neeg Loos, tab sis lawv cov chaw khaws cia, nyob ntawm ib ntawm toj. Qhov txaus siab quirits, txiav txim siab tias Gauls tau puag ncig lawv, khiav tawm ntawm tshav rog.
Titus Livy qhia:
"Tsis muaj leej twg raug tua nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua, txhua tus neeg raug tua tau raug thawb tom qab thaum kev sib tsoo pib, thiab pawg neeg ua rau nws nyuaj rau kev khiav tawm."
Kev ceeb ntshai yog qhov uas feem ntau ntawm cov neeg nyob hauv Loos tau khiav tawm ntawm lub nroog, seem 7 lub hlis tau nkaum hauv qhov chaw tiv thaiv ntawm Capitol. Nws yog thaum ntawd "cov geese tau cawm Rome." Thiab tom qab ntawd Brenn, ntuav nws rab ntaj rau ntawm cov nplai, hais nws cov kab lus nto moo: "Woe rau qhov kev kov yeej."
Txawm li cas los xij, Celts yeej tsis tau tsim lub xeev muaj zog.
Thawj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog Celts
Thawj qhov muaj sia nyob hais txog ntawm Celts muaj nyob hauv Herodotus ua haujlwm, tus kws sau keeb kwm uas nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm xyoo pua 5. BC NS. Nws yog nws leej twg hu rau pab pawg neeg nyob rau sab qaum teb thiab sab hnub poob ntawm Hellas Celtic. Tom qab ntawv cov kws sau ntawv twb muab cov npe ntawm ib pawg neeg. Cov Celts uas tawm tsam Macedonia, Greece thiab Asia Minor raug hu ua Galatians.
Cov Celts hauv tebchaws Askiv tau hu ua Britons, Britons thiab Scots. Thiab Celts uas nyob hauv thaj tsam ntawm Fabkis tam sim no thiab Sab Qaum Teb Ltalis tau hu ua Aquitanians, Aedui thiab Helvetians. Cov neeg Loos tseem hu ua Celts "roosters" - uas yog Gauls. Lawv tau txais lub npe menyuam yaus no rau lawv li kev ua tsov ua rog, qhov zoo tshaj plaws thiab nyiam hnav khaub ncaws zoo nkauj.
Tab sis cov neeg Greek thiab Loos tau xav tsis thoob tshwj xeeb los ntawm kev coj ua ntawm Celts kom qiv nrog qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev them cov nuj nqis tom qab kev tuag - hauv lub neej tom qab. Piv txwv li, tus kws sau keeb kwm Roman Valery Maxim tau sau txog qhov no.
Nyob hauv thaj chaw tshiab, Celts maj mam sib xyaw nrog lwm pab pawg: Iberians, Ligurs, Illyrians, Thracians. Ntawm daim ntawv qhia no, peb pom yuav ua li cas kev nthuav dav ntawm pab pawg Celtic tau tshwm sim.
Tsuas yog ob peb pawg neeg Celtic khaws lawv tus kheej rau lub sijhawm ntev. Cov no yog, piv txwv li, lingons thiab boi. Lawv paucity yog tus nqi los them rau qhov no. Yog li, Gaius Julius Caesar tau sib cav tias hauv 58 BC. NS. Tsuas yog 32 txhiab tus neeg dawb huv Celts ntawm pab pawg Boyi, thaum Helvetians - 263 txhiab tus neeg (ntawm lwm pawg neeg ntau, Belgi thiab Arverni raug hu). Thaum kawg, Boi tau raug ntiab tawm los ntawm cov neeg Loos los ntawm Cisalpine Gaul (Sab Qaum Teb Ltalis) thiab nyob ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Bohemia niaj hnub no (nruab nrab thiab sab qaum teb sab hnub poob ntawm nws), muab cov av no lub npe Bohemia (Boiohaemum). Ntawm no lawv tau ntsib nrog Slavs thiab tau sib sau ua ke los ntawm lawv.
Lwm pawg neeg Celtic nyob rau sab qaum teb Ltalis thiab Fab Kis sab qab teb, txawm tias ua ntej kev ua tiav ntawm cov cheeb tsam no los ntawm Rome, tau dhau los ua Romanization tseem ceeb.
Celtic cov tub rog
Tab sis cov neeg hauv tebchaws Europe qub no zoo li cas?
Feem ntau ntawm peb cov neeg nyob ib puag ncig xav txog lawv zoo li no.
Hauv qhov xwm txheej phem tshaj plaws, Celts tshwm sim hauv qhov kev dag no.
Lub caij no, Tsev khaws puav pheej Archaeological Istanbul muaj duab ntawm Celtic tus tub rog los ntawm xyoo pua 2 BC. NS.
Thiab ntawm no yog lwm cov duab ntawm Celtic cov tub rog.
