Anti-tank artillery ntawm Red Army. Tshooj 2

Anti-tank artillery ntawm Red Army. Tshooj 2
Anti-tank artillery ntawm Red Army. Tshooj 2

Video: Anti-tank artillery ntawm Red Army. Tshooj 2

Video: Anti-tank artillery ntawm Red Army. Tshooj 2
Video: Tshuaj theem vim li cas thiaj tau nqi ?/ Siv kho mob dab tsi?/paris polyphylla use for? 2024, Kaum ib hlis
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Kev faib phom 76-hli hauv tebchaws Soviet, npaj rau kev daws teeb meem ntau yam ntawm cov haujlwm, feem ntau yog kev txhawb nqa hluav taws rau cov tub rog nyob hauv tsev, tshem tawm cov ntsiab lus tua hluav taws, rhuav tshem lub chaw tiv tshav ntuj. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv kev ua tsov rog, cov phom loj sib faib yuav tsum tau tua ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam, tej zaum txawm tias ntau dua li tshwj xeeb cov phom tiv thaiv lub tank. Hauv thawj lub sijhawm ntawm kev ua tsov rog, thaum tsis muaj cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv lub plhaub, cov tso tsheb hlau luam raug foob nrog rab phom, tso lawv cov fuses rau ntawm kev tawm tsam. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov cuab yeej nkag mus tau yog 30-35 hli.

Xyoo 1920s lig thiab xyoo 1930s thaum ntxov, peb cov tub rog kev coj noj coj ua tau dhau los ntawm lub tswv yim ntawm kev tsim cov txheej txheem phom loj thoob ntiaj teb uas yuav ua ke ua haujlwm tiv thaiv dav hlau thiab riam phom sib faib. Ib tus neeg thov txim ntawm qhov kev hloov pauv no hauv thaj tsam ntawm cov phom loj yog M. N. Tukhachevsky, uas los ntawm 1931 tau ua tus thawj ntawm cov cuab yeej ua rog ntawm pab tub rog liab, thiab txij xyoo 1934 - tus tshaj tawm ntawm lwm tus neeg txoj cai ntawm kev tiv thaiv rau riam phom. Muaj zog, tab sis tsis muaj kev kawm tsim nyog hauv kev tsim qauv thiab thev naus laus zis ntawm cov tshuab siv phom loj (thiab, yog li ntawd, tsis muaj peev xwm hauv qhov teeb meem no), nws nquag txhawb nws tus kheej lub tswv yim hauv lawv cov kev coj ua. Tag nrho cov phom loj tau dhau los ua qhov chaw sim rau sim lub tswv yim ntawm kev coj noj coj ua thoob ntiaj teb txhawb los ntawm Tukhachevsky thiab ntau tus neeg ua haujlwm hauv qib siab.

Cov riam phom no, uas tau txais lub npe F-22, tau tsim, tom qab ntawd tsis paub rau leej twg los ntawm V. G. Grabin. Thaum lub Plaub Hlis 1935, thawj tsab ntawv tau sib sau ua ke. Cov phom tshiab muaj lub qhov ncauj qhov ntswg thiab lub qhov ntev rau lub cartridge tshiab. Rau F-22, cov phiaj xwm tshiab uas hnyav 7, 1 kg tau tsim tshwj xeeb, uas nws tau tua ntawm qhov ceev 710 m / s. Thaum lub Tsib Hlis 11, 1936, F-22 tau muab tso rau hauv kev pabcuam raws li lub npe "76-mm faib phom, qauv 1936". Rau cov phom loj, lub qhov ncauj nres tau raug tshem tawm (raws li tus neeg siv khoom, nws tau hais tawm qhov phom loj nrog huab huab ntawm cov hmoov av), thiab tseem muaj chav nyob hauv 1900 tus qauv rooj plaub tau txais. Lub sijhawm ntawd, Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Siv Hluav Taws Xob (GAU) tseem tsis tau npaj txhij los hloov mus rau lwm lub thawv ntawv (lossis qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv) ntawm cov phom sib faib, vim tias cov khoom lag luam loj heev ntawm 76 hli puag ncig nrog kev hloov pauv. 19 00 Nws.

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Vim yog qhov xav tau thoob ntiaj teb rau cov cuab yeej tshiab, nws tau dhau los ua tsis tiav.

Raws li rab phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau, F-22 yog qhov tsis xws luag. Nws tsis muaj hluav taws ncig, uas tsis tuaj yeem lees txais rau phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau, thiab lub qhov ncauj qis tshaj li ntawm 700 m / s. Hauv kev xyaum, qhov no txhais tau tias nce mus txog qhov siab me me thiab tsis raug rho tawm haujlwm. Thaum tua ntawm lub kaum sab xis siab dua 60 °, lub tshuab kaw lub tshuab tsis kam ua haujlwm nrog qhov cuam tshuam cuam tshuam rau tus nqi hluav taws.

Raws li kev faib F-22 tsis txaus siab rau cov tub rog. Cov phom muaj qhov loj heev (tshwj xeeb yog qhov ntev) thiab qhov hnyav (ib tuj ntau dua li ZIS-3). Qhov no txwv nws txoj kev txav mus los, tshwj xeeb, muaj peev xwm txav nws los ntawm cov zog ntawm kev suav. Hais txog kev tua ntau thiab kev nkag mus rau hauv cov cuab yeej ua rog, F-22 tsis muaj qhov ua tau zoo dua li cov phom loj sib cais 1902/30. Phom muaj ntau qhov ua tsis tau zoo, nyuaj rau kev tsim khoom thiab muaj peev xwm ua haujlwm.

Anti-tank artillery ntawm Red Army. Tshooj 2
Anti-tank artillery ntawm Red Army. Tshooj 2

Kev txhim kho rab phom hauv kev tsim khoom yog qhov nyuaj, ob qho tib si vim nws cov qauv tsim ntau dua piv rau cov phom yav dhau los ntawm cov chav kawm zoo sib xws, thiab vim tias rab phom muaj ntau qhov tsis xws luag thiab tau txhim kho tas li. Xyoo 1936, tau xa 10 rab phom, xyoo 1937 - 417, xyoo 1938 - 1002, xyoo 1939 - 1503. Kev tsim cov phom tau txiav tawm xyoo 1939.

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Ntxiv rau qhov tau siv los ua kev faib F-22, lawv yog ib feem ntawm cov tub rog tiv thaiv lub tank phom loj (24 phom), txij li xyoo 1942-16 rab phom (cov tub rog tiv thaiv lub tank). Xyoo 1941 - 1942. cov phom no raug kev txom nyem hnyav, tab sis lawv tau ntsib tsawg tus kom txog rau thaum xaus kev ua tsov rog. Tshwj xeeb, 2 lub foob pob ua rog nrog cov phom no (40 daim.) Koom nrog hauv Tsov Rog Kursk. Yeej, rab phom tau siv ua phom sib faib, tsawg zaus los ua phom tiv thaiv lub tank (ib txwm muaj qhov ncauj qhov ncauj ntau dua, F-22 muaj cov cuab yeej nkag tau ntau dua li ZIS-3) thiab tsis zoo li rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau.

Xyoo 1937, cov tswv yim ntawm kev coj noj coj ua thoob ntiaj teb, zoo li ntau lwm yam kev sim xeeb tsis zoo thiab kev tawm tsam, tau ua tiav nrog; lawv cov neeg thov txim poob lawv txoj haujlwm, thiab qee qhov, lawv lub neej. Lub teb chaws tus thawj coj tub rog tau pom tias pab tub rog ua ntej yuav muaj kev tsov rog ntiaj teb tsis muaj phom txaus siab, vim tias 76-mm faib phom ntawm 1902/30 tus qauv tau pom meej dhau lawm, thiab rab phom tshiab 76-mm faib ntawm xyoo 1936 (F-22) muaj tus lej ntawm qhov tsis txaus … Qhov kev daws teeb meem yooj yim tshaj plaws hauv qhov xwm txheej no yog los tsim qhov tshiab, riam phom niaj hnub nrog rab phom ballistic mod. 1902/30, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm siv cov mos txwv loj rau cov phom no.

V. G. Grabin tau teeb tsa sai sai txog kev tsim rab phom tshiab, uas yog vim li cas nws thiaj li muab F-22 USV qhov ntsuas, txhais tau tias rab phom tshiab tsuas yog kev hloov kho tshiab ntawm F-22. Qhov tseeb, tsim kho, nws yog cov cuab yeej tshiab kiag li.

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Txij Lub Rau Hli 5 txog Lub Xya Hli 3, 1939, kev sim tub rog ntawm rab phom tau siv, hauv tib lub xyoo nws tau muab tso rau hauv kev tsim khoom. Xyoo 1939, 140 rab phom tau tsim, xyoo 1940 - 1010. Thaum pib xyoo 1941, USV tau raug txiav lawm. Qhov kev txiav txim siab no yog los ntawm ob qhov laj thawj: ua ntej, phiaj xwm npaj rau phom sib faib tau ua tiav (kev npaj tseg rau lub Rau Hli 1, 1941 yog 5730 rab phom, muaj 8513 rab phom muaj), qhov thib ob, nws tau npaj yuav hloov mus rau faib phom ntawm lub caliber loj dua …

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Nrog rau kev tawm tsam ntawm kev ua tsov rog, raws li phiaj xwm kev tawm tsam, kev tsim khoom ntawm USV tau rov xa mus rau ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom No. 92 thiab "Barricades". Xyoo 1941, 2616 rab phom raug tua, xyoo 1942 - 6046 ntawm cov phom no. USV kev tsim khoom tau raug txiav tawm thaum kawg xyoo 1942 vim yog kev siv rab phom tshiab faib ZIS-3, uas muaj tus lej zoo dua USV. Nws yuav tsum tau sau tseg tias kev tshem tawm ntawm USV los ntawm kev tsim khoom tau maj nrawm, tshwj xeeb, Tsob Ntoo No. 92 txuas ntxiv tsim USV xyoo 1942 (706 rab phom tau tsim), txawm hais tias thaum kawg lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1941 cov nroj tsuag no twb tau tsim ZIS lawm -3.

Thaum Lub Rau Hli 1, 1941, muaj 1170 rab phom zoo li no hauv Red Army. Cov phom tau siv los ua kev faib phom thiab phom tiv thaiv lub tank. Xyoo 1941-1942. cov phom no tau raug kev puas tsuaj loj, cov uas tseem tshuav tau siv txuas ntxiv mus txog thaum kawg ntawm kev ua tsov rog.

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Piv rau F-22, rab phom USV tshiab yeej muaj qhov sib npaug.

Txawm li cas los xij, rau kev faib phom, USV loj heev, tshwj xeeb yog qhov siab. Nws qhov hnyav kuj tseem loj txaus, uas cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau kev txav mus los ntawm rab phom. Kev tso chaw pom thiab qhia cov txheej txheem ntawm ob sab ntawm lub thoob ua rau nws nyuaj rau siv riam phom raws li tiv thaiv lub tank. Qhov tsis zoo ntawm rab phom coj mus rau nws hloov nrog kev ua tiav ntau dua thiab thev naus laus zis thev naus laus zis ZIS-3.

Cov txheej txheem, ZIS-3 yog qhov hloov pauv ntawm ib feem ntawm tus qauv yav dhau los ntawm F-22USV kev faib phom ntawm lub teeb nqa ntawm 57-mm ZIS-2 phom tiv thaiv lub tank. Qhov tseem ceeb thim rov qab tau them nyiaj los ntawm lub qhov ncauj nres, uas tsis nyob hauv F-22USV. Tsis tas li ntawm ZIS-3, qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntawm F-22USV tau raug tshem tawm-kev tso chaw ntawm lub hom phiaj ua haujlwm ntawm ob sab ntawm rab phom phom. Qhov no tau tso cai rau cov neeg coob ntawm plaub tus neeg (tus thawj coj, tus tua phom, tus nqa khoom, tus nqa khoom) ua tsuas yog lawv lub luag haujlwm.

Kev tsim cov riam phom tshiab tau ua tiav hauv kev koom tes nrog cov kws tshaj lij, tus tsim nws tus kheej tau tsim tam sim ntawd rau kev tsim khoom loj. Kev ua haujlwm tau yooj yim dua thiab txo qis (tshwj xeeb, kev tsim khoom zoo ntawm cov khoom loj tau nquag koom ua ke), cov cuab yeej siv thev naus laus zis thiab cov tseev kom muaj rau lub tiaj ua si tshuab tau xav tawm, xav tau cov khoom siv tau txo qis, lawv cov nyiaj khaws tseg tau qhia, kev koom ua ke thiab kev tsim khoom hauv kab. ntawm cov units tau xav txog. Txhua qhov no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm kom tau txais riam phom uas yuav luag peb zaug pheej yig dua li F-22USV, thaum tsis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua.

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Kev txhim kho rab phom tau pib los ntawm V. G. Grabin thaum lub Tsib Hlis 1941, yam tsis tau ua haujlwm raug cai los ntawm GAU thaum lub Tsib Hlis 1941. Qhov no yog vim tsis lees paub kev faib phom loj los ntawm lub taub hau ntawm lub tuam tsev no, Marshal G. I. Kulik. Nws ntseeg tias kev faib phom loj tsis muaj peev xwm ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua hnyav German (uas lub teb chaws Yelemees tsis muaj nyob rau xyoo 1941).

Tom qab kev tawm tsam German ntawm USSR, nws tau hloov pauv tias German tso tsheb hlau luam tau ua tiav zoo ntawm rab phom ntawm 45-76, 2 mm caliber, thiab twb tau pib ua tsov rog, vim qhov poob ntau, qhov tsis txaus ntawm hom phom no tau pib yuav tsum tau hnov, thiab tsim cov phom sib faib tau rov qab los. Cov Volga cog, qhov chaw Grabin tsim chaw ua haujlwm, thiab Stalingrad cog "Barrikady" tau txais txoj haujlwm rau kev tsim cov phom phom loj 76, 2-mm.

Tus lej ZIS -3s tau tsim rov qab rau xyoo 1941 - cov no yog cov phom sim thiab cov khoom siv rau ob lub foob pob ua rog tsom rau kev sim tub rog. Hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua xyoo 1941, ZIS-3 tau qhia nws qhov zoo dua qhov hnyav thiab tsis yooj yim rau tus neeg tua phom F-22USV.

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Kev tsim khoom ntau ntawm ZIS-3 tau pib xyoo 1941, lub sijhawm ntawd rab phom tsis tau lees paub rau kev pabcuam thiab tau tsim "tsis raug cai". Grabin, hauv kev pom zoo nrog tus thawj coj ntawm Privolzhsky cog, Yelyan, tau txiav txim siab ua siab tawv qhib ZiS-3 rau hauv kev tsim khoom raws li nws tus kheej lub luag haujlwm. Kev ua haujlwm tau teeb tsa nyob rau hauv ib txoj hauv kev uas F-22-USV thiab ZiS-3 tau tsim ua ke. Tsuas yog qhov "tsis raug" ib feem - ZiS -3 lub qhov ncauj nres - tau tsim tawm hauv kev sim ua haujlwm. Tab sis cov neeg sawv cev ntawm kev ua tub rog tsis kam lees txais rab phom "tsis raug cai" yam tsis tau kev tso cai los ntawm GAU, uas nws lub taub hau twb yog ND. Yakovlev. Kev thov tau xa mus rau GAU, uas tseem tsis tau teb ntev, cov phom ZiS-3 tshiab tau khaws cia hauv khw, thiab thaum kawg, lub taub hau ntawm tub rog lees paub ntawm tsob ntoo, I. F. Teleshov tau hais kom txais lawv.

Raws li qhov tshwm sim, qhov no tau tso cai V. G. Grabin nthuav qhia ZIS-3 tus kheej rau I. V. Stalin thiab tau txais kev tso cai los tsim phom, uas los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd twb tau tsim los ntawm tsob ntoo thiab tau nquag siv hauv pab tub rog. Thaum pib ntawm Lub Ob Hlis 1942, kev xeem raug ua tiav, uas yog qhov raug cai thiab kav ntev li tsib hnub xwb. Raws li lawv cov txiaj ntsig, ZIS-3 tau muab tso rau hauv kev pabcuam thaum Lub Ob Hlis 12, 1942 nrog lub npe raug cai 76-mm faib phom hom. 1942g ib.

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Cov tub rog tau txais peb hom phom 76-mm. Xyoo 1942, uas txawv ntawm cov ces kaum nce, riveted lossis welded thav duab thiab ntsia liaj qhov rooj.

Vim tias nws cov khoom lag luam siab, ZiS-3 tau dhau los ua thawj rab phom loj hauv ntiaj teb kom muab tso rau hauv kab ntau lawm thiab sib dhos kab sib dhos.

Nws tseem yog rab phom loj tshaj plaws ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj - tag nrho, 103,000 chav nyob tau tsim los ntawm xyoo 1941 txog 1945 (kwv yees li 13,300 lub thoob ntau ntxiv rau ntawm SU -76 ACS).

Txij li xyoo 1944, vim qhov qeeb ntawm kev tso phom 45-mm thiab tsis muaj phom 57-mm ZIS-2, rab phom no, txawm hais tias tsis muaj kev nkag tau yooj yim rau cov cuab yeej rau lub sijhawm ntawd, tau dhau los ua rab phom tiv thaiv lub tank loj ntawm Cov Tub Rog Liab. Cov phom qhia mus rau hauv cov phom loj tiv thaiv lub tank tau nruab nrog PP1-2 lossis OP2-1 qhov chaw tua hluav taws ncaj qha.

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Plhaub rau 76 mm faib phom:

1. Tua UBR-354A nrog lub projectile BR-350A (Blunt-hau nrog lub taub hau ntsaws, tracer).

2UBR-354B puag ncig nrog lub foob pob BR-350B (Blunt-hau nrog lub foob pob, nrog cov neeg hauv zos, tus neeg taug qab).

3. Tua UBR-354P nrog projectile BR-350P (subcaliber armor-piercing projectile, tracer, "reel" type).

4. UOF-354M puag ncig nrog OF-350 projectile (Cov hlau tawg tawg tawg tawg loj heev).

5. Tua USH-354T nrog lub projectile Sh-354T (Shrapnel nrog lub raj T-6).

Nrog rau qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev ua ntawm qhov tawg tawg tawg ntau qhov projectile hais txog kev ua haujlwm, nws tau muab kwv yees li 870 qhov kev tuag ua rau tawg ntawm kev so nrog kev teeb tsa fuse rau kev tawg, nrog lub vojvoog zoo ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm tib neeg li ntawm 15 meters.

Kev nkag mus ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv rab phom, uas nkag mus rau 75-mm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv ntawm qhov deb ntawm 300 metres raws qhov ib txwm muaj, tsis txaus los tawm tsam German lub tank nruab nrab Pz. IV.

Raws li xyoo 1943, cov cuab yeej ntawm PzKpfW VI Tiger lub tank hnyav tsis tuaj yeem ua rau ZIS-3 nyob rau hauv qhov kev kwv yees pem hauv ntej thiab tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv ntawm qhov ze ze dua 300 m hauv kev kwv yees sab. Lub tank German tshiab PzKpfW V "Panther", nrog rau kev kho dua tshiab PzKpfW IV Ausf H thiab PzKpfW III Ausf M lossis N, kuj tseem muaj qhov tsis muaj zog nyob rau pem hauv ntej qhov projection rau ZIS-3; Txawm li cas los xij, tag nrho cov tsheb no tau ntseeg los ntawm ZIS-3 mus rau sab.

Kev qhia ntawm sub-caliber projectile txij li xyoo 1943 tau txhim kho lub peev xwm tiv thaiv lub tank ntawm ZIS-3, tso cai rau nws kom ntseeg tau tsoo ntsug 80-mm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv ntawm kev nyob ze dua 500 m, tab sis 100-mm cov cuab yeej ntsug tseem tsis tau tiv thaiv rau nws.

Tus txheeb ze tsis muaj zog ntawm kev tiv thaiv lub peev xwm ntawm ZIS-3 tau lees paub los ntawm Soviet cov thawj coj tub rog, txawm li cas los xij, txog thaum kawg ntawm kev ua tsov rog, nws tsis tuaj yeem hloov ZIS-3 hauv cov tub rog tiv thaiv lub tank-piv txwv li, 57-mm phom tiv thaiv lub tank ZIS-2 hauv xyoo 1943-1944 tau tsim los ntawm 4375 chav nyob, thiab ZIS-3 rau tib lub sijhawm-hauv qhov ntau ntawm 30,052 units, uas ntawm ib nrab tau xa mus rau kev tiv thaiv- tank sib ntaus sib tua units. Cov phom loj 100-mm BS-3 muaj zog ntaus cov tub rog tsuas yog thaum kawg xyoo 1944 thiab tsawg.

Kev siv riam phom tsis txaus ntawm rab phom tau them ib nrab los ntawm kev siv lub tswv yim, tsom mus rau kev swb ntawm qhov tsis yooj yim ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tsheb. Ib qho ntxiv, tiv thaiv feem ntau cov qauv ntawm German cov tsheb tiv thaiv, cov cuab yeej nkag mus ntawm ZIS-3 tseem tsim nyog kom txog thaum kawg ntawm kev ua tsov rog. Qhov no tau pab txhawb ib nrab los ntawm kev txo qis hauv kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov cuab yeej hlau ntawm German tso tsheb hlau luam hauv ib nrab ntawm kev ua tsov rog. Vim tias tsis muaj cov khoom sib xyaw ntxiv, cov cuab yeej ua kom tawg tau yooj yim thiab, thaum raug tsoo los ntawm qhov projectile, txawm tias tsis tau hlais, muab cov chips txaus ntshai los ntawm sab hauv.

Nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1943 V. G. Grabin, hauv nws daim ntawv sau tseg rau Stalin, tau thov, nrog rau kev rov pib tsim dua ntawm 57-mm ZIS-2, kom pib tsim cov phom loj 100-mm nrog rau kev sib tua, uas tau siv rau hauv phom tub rog.

Thaum tsim rab phom no, cov neeg tsim qauv ntawm lub chaw lis haujlwm tsim los ntawm V. G. Grabin tau siv ntau yam ntawm lawv cov kev paub dhau los hauv kev tsim cov phom thiab phom tiv thaiv lub tank, thiab tseem qhia txog tus lej tshiab ntawm kev daws teeb meem.

Txhawm rau muab lub zog muaj zog, txo qhov hnyav, ua kom nruj thiab ua kom muaj hluav taws ntau, ib hom khaub noom hom-tsis siv neeg breechblock thiab ob chav chamber muzzle nres nrog qhov ua tau zoo ntawm 60% tau siv thawj zaug ntawm rab phom ntawm qhov ntsuas no.

Qhov teeb meem ntawm lub log tau daws thaum xub thawj; rau cov phom me dua, lub log los ntawm GAZ-AA lossis ZIS-5 feem ntau siv. Tab sis lawv tsis haum rau riam phom tshiab. Lub log los ntawm tsib-tuj YaAZ tig mus rau hnyav heev thiab loj. Tom qab ntawd tau muab ob lub log los ntawm GAZ-AA, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm haum rau qhov hnyav thiab qhov ntev. Cov phom uas nruab nrog cov log no tuaj yeem thauj los ntawm cov cuab yeej siv zog ntawm qhov nrawm txaus.

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Ib xyoos tom qab, thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1944, BS-3 tau muab tso rau hauv kev tsim khoom loj. Txog thaum kawg ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj, kev lag luam tau muab rau Red Army nrog txog 400 rab phom. 100 mm BS-3 tau ua pov thawj los ua riam phom tiv thaiv zoo heev.

Cov phom hnyav 100 mm BS-3 tau siv rau lub Tsib Hlis 1944. Rau nws cov cuab yeej zoo heev nkag mus rau hauv, kom ntseeg tau tias yeej ntawm txhua tus yeeb ncuab tank, cov tub rog pem hauv ntej tau hu nws "St. John's Wort".

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Vim tias muaj lub ntsej muag tawg ntawm lub ntsej muag nrog cov kab rov tav txav nrog ib nrab tsis siv neeg, kev teeb tsa cov lus qhia ntsug thiab kab rov tav ntawm ib sab ntawm rab phom, nrog rau kev siv tshuaj tua ib leeg, tus nqi ntawm cov phom yog 8-10 rounds ib feeb twg. Cov phom loj tau raug rho tawm nrog cov mos txwv tsis sib xws nrog cov ris tsho tiv thaiv cov phom loj thiab cov foob pob tawg loj tawg. Cov cuab yeej siv phom-tho qhov projectile nrog qhov pib ceev ntawm 895 m / s ntawm qhov deb ntawm 500 m ntawm lub rooj sib tham lub kaum sab xis ntawm 90 ° tho cov cuab yeej nrog tuab ntawm 160 hli. Qhov kev tua ncaj qha yog 1080 m.

Txawm li cas los xij, lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov riam phom no hauv kev tawm tsam cov yeeb ncuab tso tsheb hlau luam yog qhov hais ntau heev. Los ntawm lub sijhawm nws tshwm sim, Cov neeg German siv tsis siv cov tso tsheb hlau luam ntawm qhov loj.

BS-3 tau tso tawm thaum ua tsov rog hauv qhov ntau thiab tsis tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm loj. Txog kev sib piv, lub nkoj rhuav tshem SU-100 nrog rab phom ntawm tib lub peev xwm D-10 tau tso tawm hauv lub sijhawm ua rog hauv thaj tsam li ntawm 2,000.

Tus tsim riam phom no V. G. Grabin tsis tau txiav txim siab BS-3 qhov kev tiv thaiv lub tank, uas tau cuam tshuam los ntawm lub npe.

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BS-3 muaj tus lej tsis zoo uas ua rau nws nyuaj siv nws los ua lub tank tiv thaiv. Thaum tua, rab phom dhia ntau heev, uas ua rau tus neeg ua haujlwm phom tsis muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab tsoo qhov pom kev teeb tsa, uas, nyeg, coj mus rau qhov txo qis hauv kev siv lub hom phiaj tua hluav taws - qhov tseem ceeb zoo rau thaj tsam tiv thaiv phom phom.

Lub xub ntiag ntawm lub qhov ncauj haib nres nrog qhov siab qis ntawm kab ntawm txoj kev tua hluav taws thiab txoj hauv kev tiaj tus raug rau kev tua ntawm lub hom phiaj tiv thaiv phom coj mus rau tsim cov pa luam yeeb thiab huab plua plav tseem ceeb uas nthuav tawm txoj haujlwm thiab dig muag cov neeg coob.

Kev txav mus los ntawm rab phom nrog qhov hnyav ntau dua 3500 kg ua rau ntau qhov xav tau, kev thauj mus los ntawm cov neeg coob ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua yuav luag tsis yooj yim sua.

Yog tias cov phom ntawm 45-mm, 57-mm thiab 76-mm tau nqa los ntawm pab pawg nees, GAZ-64, GAZ-67, GAZ-AA, GAZ-AAA, ZIS-5 tsheb lossis tsheb thauj khoom ib nrab Dodge muab los ntawm nruab nrab ntawm kev ua tsov rog nyob rau Qiv-Lease WC-51 ("Dodge 3/4").

Tom qab ntawd, txhawm rau rub BS-3, taug qab cov tsheb laij teb tau xav tau, hauv qhov xwm txheej hnyav heev Studebaker US6 cov tsheb thauj khoom tag nrho.

Thaum kawg ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog, 98 BS-3s tau txuas ua ib txoj hauv kev ntxiv dag zog rau tsib lub tub rog. Cov phom tau ua haujlwm nrog cov tub rog me me ntawm cov tub rog 3-tub rog (plaub caug yim yim 76-mm thiab nees nkaum 100-mm phom).

Hauv cov phom loj ntawm RGK, txij li Lub Ib Hlis 1, 1945, muaj 87 rab phom BS-3. Thaum pib xyoo 1945, hauv Pawg Saib Xyuas Tub Rog Tub Rog thib 9, ua ib feem ntawm peb lub phom ntev, ib rab phom loj phom, 20 BS-3 txhua tus, tau tsim.

Yeej, vim yog qhov ntev tua ntau-20650 m thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo siv lub foob pob tawg tawg hnyav 15.6 kg, rab phom tau siv los ua phom hull los tiv thaiv cov yeeb ncuab phom loj thiab tua lub hom phiaj ntev.

Cov phom loj tiv thaiv dav hlau tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tawm tsam tso tsheb hlau luam, tshwj xeeb yog thaum pib ntawm kev ua tsov rog.

Twb nyob rau thaum xaus Lub Rau Hli 1941, nws tau txiav txim siab los cais cais cov phom loj tiv thaiv lub tank ntawm RGK. Cov tub rog no tau ua tub rog nrog nees nkaum 85-hli phom tiv thaiv dav hlau. Thaum Lub Xya Hli - Lub Yim Hli 1941, 35 txoj kev ua haujlwm zoo li no tau tsim. Thaum Lub Yim Hli - Lub Kaum Hli, nthwv dej thib ob ntawm kev tsim cov tub rog tiv thaiv lub tank ntawm RGK ua raws. Cov tub rog no tau ua tub rog nrog yim yim 37 mm thiab yim 85 mm phom tiv thaiv dav hlau. 37-hli anti-aircraft tshuab rab phom mod. Xyoo 1939, txawm tias ua ntej tsov rog, nws tau tsim los ua kev tiv thaiv lub tank tiv thaiv dav hlau thiab tau siv riam phom-tho qhov projectile. Ib qho txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb ntawm cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau kuj yog lub tsheb thauj khoom, uas muab cov phom tig ncig. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov neeg coob, cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau rov tsim nyog raws li phom tiv thaiv lub tank tau nruab nrog daim thaiv tiv thaiv kev sib tsoo.

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Qhov kawg ntawm xyoo 1941, rab phom tshuab 37-mm tau thim los ntawm cov phom loj tiv thaiv lub tank. 85mm phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tau siv rau lub hom phiaj no tsawg kawg ob xyoos ntxiv. Hauv Tsov Rog Kursk, 15 pawg tub rog tiv thaiv lub tank tau koom nrog kaum ob rab phom 85-mm. Qhov ntsuas no, tau kawg, raug yuam, vim tias cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tau kim dua, tsis muaj kev txav mus los, thiab lawv nyuaj rau camouflage.

Cov phom German uas tau ntes tau tau nquag siv hauv cov phom loj tiv thaiv lub tank. 75-mm Rak-40, uas muaj cov cuab yeej nkag mus tau zoo thiab cov duab tsis zoo, tau tshwj xeeb. Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm 1943-1944, peb cov tub rog tau ntes cov phom thiab mos txwv coob rau lawv.

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Ntau qhov kev tawm tsam tiv thaiv lub tank tau tsim, nruab nrog rab phom ntes. Kev sib faib yog, ob qho tib si nrog rab phom ntes, thiab sib xyaw ua ke. Qee qhov ntawm rab phom tiv thaiv lub tank raug siv los ntawm pab tub rog zoo tshaj, uas tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam hauv cov ntaub ntawv tshaj tawm.

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Cov yam ntxwv ntawm phom tiv thaiv lub tank

Qhov txaus siab ntawm cov tub rog nrog tiv thaiv lub tank phom loj tshwm sim thaum ib nrab xyoo 1943. Ua ntej qhov no, qhov tsis muaj phom tiv thaiv lub tank tau raug txo los ntawm kev tsim cov phom loj tiv thaiv lub tank (PTR) loj heev.

Qhov ntau txaus ntawm cov tub rog nrog rab phom tsis tas yuav txaus los xyuas kom meej

anti-tank tiv thaiv.

Yog li kev siv kev faib ZIS-3 yog qhov kev ntsuas loj. Txawm tias 76-mm APCR projectile tsis tau muab kev nkag tau zoo ntawm cov cuab yeej ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau hnyav. Qhov projectile 76-mm tau siv tsuas yog nyob rau hauv cov tub rog luv luv

phom, vim yog qhov ua tsis tiav ntawm lub fuse thiab muaj peev xwm tawg ntawm lub thoob ntawm rab phom sib faib.

Vim yog txoj haujlwm ntawm GAU, ua ntej tsov rog, muaj peev xwm tsim tau rab phom 76-hli zoo tau ploj mus. Dab tsi yog cov neeg German tom qab ua los ntawm kev ntes thiab hloov kho ntau pua lub tebchaws Soviet F-22s thiab USVs.

Rau qee qhov laj thawj tsis paub, rab phom tiv thaiv 85 mm tsis tau tsim. Cov riam phom no tau tsim los ntawm F. F. Petrov thiab tau saws raws li lub npe D-44 tom qab tsov rog.

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Nws yog cov phom loj tiv thaiv lub tank uas tau rhuav tshem 2/3 ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam German, txawm tias qhov ua tsis tau zoo thiab tsis pom zoo, cov tub rog Soviet ntawm cov tub rog tiv thaiv lub tank, qhia txog lub zog thiab kev ua siab loj, feem ntau txi lawv tus kheej, tswj kom tsoo Panzerwaffe cov hlau nrig.

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