Qhov kawg ntawm 2013, Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ruaj Ntseg ntawm Lavxias tau sim ntsuas qhov hloov kho tshiab ntawm Krona anti-satellite complex, Izvestia cov ntawv xov xwm tshaj tawm, hais txog nws tus kheej cov peev txheej hauv Lavxias Tus Thawj Saib Xyuas Haujlwm. Kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim cov txheej txheem no tau pib rov qab rau hauv USSR, tab sis vim yog kev ncua nyiaj txiag, lawv tau tso tseg. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv muaj nyob hauv cov ntaub ntawv qhib, "Krona" txoj haujlwm tau ua lub luag haujlwm sib ntaus sib tua tsuas yog xyoo 2000 thiab suav nrog 2 ntu tseem ceeb: lub laser-kho qhov muag pom thiab lub chaw radar.
Raws li cov phiaj xwm ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ruaj Ntseg, lub sijhawm thiab cov phiaj xwm rau kev sim kho tshiab tiv thaiv lub hnub qub tiv thaiv kab mob "Krona" tau teem rau thaum kawg ntawm 2013. Nws tau tshaj tawm tias lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yuav muab tso rau ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm ntau yam khoom siv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tawm tsam riam phom nrog ROK hauv av-lub tshuab radar-kho qhov muag rau kev tshawb nrhiav thiab txheeb xyuas qhov chaw ntawm lub hom phiaj. Nws tau tshaj tawm tias lub radars ntawm qhov nyuaj, uas tseem muaj lub qub Soviet ntsuas 45Ж6, tau tso tawm rau xyoo 1980s, tab sis thaum xyoo 2009-2010 lawv tau hloov kho tshiab thiab dhau kev xeem hauv xeev. Raws li cov thawj coj ntawm Cov Neeg Ua Haujlwm Loj, lawv tsis muaj kev yws txog ROK nws tus kheej.
Lub xov tooj cua-kho qhov muag kom paub txog cov khoom chaw "Krona" yog lub hom phiaj ntawm txheej txheem tswj chaw sab nrauv, uas suav nrog 2 lub tshuab ua haujlwm: xov tooj cua-band thiab kho qhov muag, yog ib feem ntawm Lavxias Chaw Tiv Thaiv Chaw Ua Haujlwm. Qhov nyuaj no saib xyuas qhov chaw sab nrauv siv kev soj ntsuam hauv ob qho tib si nquag (laser sib txawv) thiab hom passive. Tom qab khoos phis tawj tiav, cov ntaub ntawv tau txais los ntawm nws raug xa mus rau Central Command and Control Center - Chaw Tswj Chaw Sab Nraud.
Tsis Siv Neeg Radar 20-6 complex "Krona"
Ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim ROKR KO "Krona" tau pib ua raws li txoj cai ntawm tsoomfwv USSR ntawm Kaum Ib Hlis 1984. Kev tsim kho lub tsev tau ua los ntawm Kev Tshawb Fawb Lub Koom Haum PP thiab OAO NPK NIIDAR. Kev pib ua haujlwm ntawm nws txoj kev tsim tau poob rau lub sijhawm Soviet, tab sis pib perestroika thiab kev tawg ntawm lub tebchaws tau ua rau lawv qeeb. Xyoo 1994, kev sim ua haujlwm tau ua tiav ntawm lub chaw, thiab xyoo 2000 qhov nyuaj thaum kawg tau ua lub luag haujlwm sib ntaus. Hauv xyoo 2010, nws tau hloov kho tshiab, thaum lub sijhawm nws tau txais qhov tseeb radar channel "N", tsim los txiav txim siab txoj haujlwm thiab lees paub lub hom phiaj hauv ntiaj teb lub ntiaj teb.
45Zh6 "Krona" radar-optical complex rau kev lees paub cov khoom hauv qhov chaw tau tsim los kom paub txog ntau yam khoom siv hauv chaw tub rog, nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv thiab kev txhawb nqa pob rau kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv chaw thiab ua haujlwm tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv lub teb chaws. Thawj qhov suav nrog:
- xov tooj cua-thev naus laus zis ib feem ntawm 40Zh6 txoj haujlwm nrog 20Zh6 radar, uas muaj 2 txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm: "A" channel yog npaj rau txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov khoom siv ntiaj teb cuav thiab "H" channel, uas yog npaj rau qhov ntsuas tau zoo heev ntawm qhov ntsuas tsis tau ntawm lub ntiaj teb ua lub hnub qub dag;
Radar 20Zh tuaj yeem ua haujlwm hauv decimeter (channel "A") thiab centimeter (channel "H"). Lub radar tuaj yeem tshawb pom lub hom phiaj 3500 km deb.
Channel "A" - yog qhov tau txais thiab xa cov kav hlau txais xov nrog lub qhov siab ntawm 20 × 20 m thiab hluav taws xob xa hluav taws xob, ntu ntu kav hlau txais xov array (PAR). Channel "H" yog qhov tau txais thiab xa cov kab ke uas suav nrog 5 txoj kab sib hloov parabolic antennas, uas ua haujlwm ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm interferometer, vim tias lawv ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ntsuas qhov ntsuas qhov chaw ntawm qhov chaw ntawm qhov khoom.
-Kev kho qhov muag txhais tau tias ntawm lub kaw lus suav nrog laser-optical locator (LOL) "30Zh6" (txij li xyoo 2005), uas suav nrog: txais thiab txais-xa cov kis, ib txoj hauv kev passive rau kev nrhiav pom tus kheej (KAO) ntawm cov khoom chaw, uas saib xyuas rau lub hom phiaj tshawb nrhiav rau yav dhau los tsis paub thaj chaw khoom.
- lub chaw hais kom ua thiab lub khoos phis tawj nruab nrog 13K6 lub khoos phis tawj nrog 40U6 lub khoos phis tawj (rov qab nyob rau tiam USSR).
khoom ntawm Mount Chapal, yees duab:
Lub peev xwm ntawm "Krona" nyuaj rau kev txiav txim siab qhov chaw ua haujlwm ntawm cov khoom siv hauv qhov chaw ua rau nws muaj peev xwm siv nws los ua cov lus qhia rau kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv chaw tiv thaiv kab ke. Hauv USSR, nws tau npaj los tsim 3 txoj haujlwm no, uas yuav tsum tau npog tag nrho cov ciam teb sab qab teb ntawm lub tebchaws. Tsuas yog txoj haujlwm ua haujlwm tam sim no nyob ntawm thaj chaw Karachay-Cherkessia nyob rau sab saum toj thiab ib puag ncig ntawm Mount Chapal.
Tag nrho cov txheej txheem ntawm Krona ROC ua haujlwm nrog kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm tag nrho 3 txoj hauv kev: qhov no yog li cas A channel ntawm radar pom qhov chaw nyob thiab ntsuas nws cov yam ntxwv ntawm orbital, siv uas H channel tau tsom mus rau qhov chaw muab thiab ua tiav nws ua hauj lwm. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov kho qhov muag passive lossis nquag siv channel, uas sau nws cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov khoom pom, pib ua haujlwm raws li cov ntaub ntawv taug qab ntawm channel "A". Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam, nws muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj qhov raug thiab nthuav dav ntawm cov ntaub ntawv hais txog qhov khoom pom ntawm qhov chaw. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev muaj peev xwm nkag mus los ntawm tag nrho cov khoom raug kwv yees nyob rau theem ntawm kwv yees li 30,000 khoom hauv ib hnub.
Txij li cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv satellite tau tsim los tsis yog txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov khoom hauv qhov chaw, tab sis tseem yuav rhuav tshem lawv, nws suav nrog 30P6 Kontakt tiv thaiv lub dav hlau ya dav hlau, suav nrog: MiG-31D lub dav hlau thauj khoom thiab 79M6 Kontakt tus cuam tshuam cuam tshuam, uas muaj ib feem ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua. Ua ntej nws tawg, Soviet kev tiv thaiv kev lag luam muaj peev xwm hloov kho 3 lub suab nrov siab tshaj qhov cuam tshuam MiG-31, uas tau tso siab rau ua haujlwm ntawm kev xa cov foob pob hluav taws tiv thaiv satellite mus rau saum huab cua. Cov dav hlau no tau txais tsab ntawv ntxiv "D" hauv lub npe. Tag nrho 3 MiG-31D tsim tawm hauv USSR thaum ntxov xyoo 1990 tau xa mus rau Kazakh Sary-Shagan kev qhia chaw, qhov uas lawv nyob tom qab. Tseem tsis muaj ntaub ntawv raug cai uas tau sim 79M6 Kontakt lub foob pob hluav taws-cuam tshuam hauv USSR.
MiG-31D
Lub xeev tshiab tau sim siv MiG-31D cov neeg tua rog uas tseem tshuav nyob hauv thaj av ntawm Kazakhstan rau kev ua lag luam, sim hloov kho lawv rau kev tsim lub foob pob hluav taws me me. Txawm li cas los xij, txoj haujlwm Kazakh tau xaus rau qhov tsis ua tiav thiab tam sim no cov dav hlau no tsuas yog tuag lawm. Lub rooj txhawb siab ntawm txoj haujlwm tiv thaiv satellite loj tau pib tsuas yog 18 xyoo tom qab kev tawg ntawm USSR. Xyoo 2009, tus Thawj Coj Thawj Coj ntawm Tsoom Fwv Tebchaws Air Force, Colonel-General Alexander Zelin, tshaj tawm tias kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv chaw tiv thaiv raws li MiG-31 lub dav hlau tua neeg-cuam tshuam yuav raug rov kho dua los daws teeb meem tib yam.
Yog tias muaj tsawg kawg qee cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov khoom siv hauv av ntawm Krona txoj hauv kev uas tuaj yeem pom yooj yim hauv Is Taws Nem, tom qab ntawd nws cov khoom siv huab cua tau cais ntau dua. Tam sim no, nws tsuas yog paub tias ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim lub foob pob hluav taws tiv thaiv lub hnub qub tshiab, uas yuav tsum hloov Chaw Tiv Thaiv, tau ua los ntawm Fakel Design Bureau nyob hauv Khimki ze Moscow. Tib lub chaw tsim qauv tshwj xeeb hauv kev tsim cov foob pob hluav taws thiab chaw thev naus laus zis, tab sis nws tsis kam qhia rau cov neeg sau xov xwm txog cov khoom tshiab rau Krona. Nrog rau qhov no, tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev hloov kho tshiab ntawm MiG-31 supersonic fighter-interceptors tshiab, uas yuav tau hloov lub dav hlau poob hauv Kazakhstan. Tib lub sijhawm, Izvestia cov peev txheej hauv kev tiv thaiv kev lag luam hais tias nqa lub dav hlau mus rau D kev hloov kho tsis muaj teeb meem tshwj xeeb.
Los ntawm cov dav hlau no, txhua qhov kev ncua thiab kev sib dhos tau raug tshem tawm, lub radar onboard, lub xov tooj cua-pob tshab tau hloov pauv mus rau ib qho hlau. Rau lub davhlau ruaj khov dua nrog kev nce toj ntsug, tshwj xeeb aerodynamic slugs, uas yog hu ua "flippers", tau teeb tsa ntawm qhov kawg ntawm tus neeg tua rog lub tis. Lawv kuj tseem siv los tswj kev ya dav hlau ntawm MiG-31 nrog rau kev tiv thaiv foob pob hluav taws raug tshem tawm hauv qab lub fuselage, vim nws muaj qhov hnyav loj thiab qhov ntev, thiab thaj tsam ntawm lub dav hlau tsis tso cai ya dav hlau ruaj khov nrog nws. Tom qab ntawd, kev sib txuas lus tshiab nyuaj thiab lub hom phiaj tau teeb tsa ntawm lub dav hlau.
Chaw Tswj Chaw Sab Nraud
Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ruaj Ntseg ntawm Lavxias tau piav qhia tias hauv qhov kev ntsuas yuav los tom ntej no lawv yuav tshuaj xyuas qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm lub hom phiaj txhawm rau txhawm rau tua dav hlau los ntawm av, nrog rau kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm huab cua thiab hauv av thaj tsam ntawm "Krona". Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nyob rau theem pib, hloov chaw ntawm MiG-31D, zoo ib yam MiG-31s los ntawm Lavxias Lub Nkoj Tub Rog yuav ua haujlwm. Tus sau ntawm MilitaryRussia lub vev xaib thiab kws tshaj lij tub rog Dmitry Kornev ntseeg tias cov txheej txheem thiab cov laj thawj ntawm kev ua haujlwm sib ntaus, cov cuab yeej siv hauv av tuaj yeem siv thiab qhov uas tau tsim rov qab rau xyoo 1980-1990s.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, feem ntau yuav xav tau lub foob pob hluav taws tshiab, uas yuav tsim los ntawm cov tub rog ntawm tib lub tsev tsim qauv "Fakel", "Novator", "Vympel". Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tsis tau txiav tawm qhov rov ua dua ntawm tag nrho cov kab ke, piv txwv li, rau cov foob pob hauv av. Hauv qhov xwm txheej uas "Krona" yuav muaj tseeb nrog cov cuaj luaj hauv av, nws dhau los ua qhov tseeb vim li cas huab cua tiv thaiv kab mob tiv thaiv kab mob sib kis tau raug cais. Hauv qhov no, nws tsuas yog tsis muaj thiab yeej tsis yuav.
