Qhov ua tau los tsim cov khoom siv nrog lub kaum tsis zoo ntawm kev cuam tshuam tau kwv yees rov qab rau xyoo 1967 los ntawm Soviet kws kho mob Viktor Veselago, tab sis tsuas yog tam sim no yog thawj qhov piv txwv ntawm cov qauv zoo nrog cov khoom zoo li no. Vim yog qhov tsis zoo ntawm qhov cuam tshuam, cov duab ci ntawm lub teeb khoov ib ncig ntawm qhov khoom, ua rau pom tsis tau. Yog li, tus neeg soj ntsuam ceeb toom tsuas yog dab tsi tshwm sim tom qab ntawm tus neeg hnav lub tsho "zoo kawg".
Yuav kom tau txais txiaj ntsig ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, cov tub rog niaj hnub tab tom tig mus rau qhov muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam xws li cov cuab yeej siv lub cev thiab cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv lub tsheb, thiab nanotechnology. lub ntsej muag tshiab, cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob tshiab, cov khoom siv ntau ntxiv thiab "ntse" lossis tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv ntawm cov platform thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm. Kev ua tub rog tau dhau los ua qhov nyuaj, cov cuab yeej siv ntau yam tshiab thiab siv ob zaug tau tsim thiab tsim tawm, thiab kev ua haujlwm me me ntawm cov khoom hnyav thiab hloov pauv hluav taws xob tau tshwm sim los ntawm kev hla thiab ciam teb.
Piv txwv suav nrog kev cia siab cov ntaub ntawv kho tus kheej, cov khoom siv sib xyaw ua ke, cov khoom siv ua haujlwm zoo, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, "kev tiv thaiv cyber" cov ntaub ntawv uas cuam tshuam rau kev cuam tshuam hluav taws xob. Lawv cia siab tias yuav dhau los ua lub hauv paus ntawm kev cuam tshuam thev naus laus zis uas yuav hloov pauv qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab yam tsis muaj kev cia siab rau yav tom ntej.
Cov khoom siv qib tom ntej, xws li metamaterials, graphene thiab carbon nanotubes, tau tsim kev txaus siab thiab nqis peev vim tias lawv muaj cov yam ntxwv thiab kev ua haujlwm uas tsis pom muaj nyob hauv qhov xwm txheej thiab tsim nyog rau kev tiv thaiv daim ntawv thov thiab cov haujlwm tau ua hauv qhov chaw siab lossis muaj kev ua phem. Nanotechnology siv cov khoom siv nanometer (10-9) txhawm rau txhawm rau tuaj yeem hloov kho cov qauv ntawm qib atomic thiab molecular thiab tsim ntau yam ntaub so ntswg, khoom siv lossis kab ke. Cov ntaub ntawv no yog thaj chaw muaj kev cia siab heev thiab yav tom ntej tuaj yeem muaj kev cuam tshuam loj rau kev ua haujlwm zoo.
Metamaterials
Ua ntej txuas ntxiv, cia peb txhais cov metamaterials. Metamaterial yog cov khoom siv sib xyaw, cov yam ntxwv uas tau txiav txim siab tsis ntau los ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm nws cov khoom sib xyaw raws li los ntawm kev tsim cov qauv tsim ib ntus. Lawv tau tsim cov khoom tsim tshwj xeeb thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj tawm cov txheej txheem tshaj tawm nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob lossis suab nrov uas yog thev naus laus zis tsis yooj yim kom ua tiav, lossis tsis pom nyob hauv qhov.
Kymeta Corporation, lub hauv paus ntawm Intellectual Ventures, nkag mus rau kev tiv thaiv kev lag luam hauv xyoo 2016 nrog mTenna metamaterial antenna. Raws li tus thawj coj ntawm lub tuam txhab Nathan Kundz, lub kav hlau txais xov nqa tau zoo li tus kav hlau txais xov hnyav txog 18 kg thiab siv 10 watts. Cov cuab yeej siv rau cov kav hlau kav hlau yog hais txog qhov loj me me ntawm phau ntawv lossis netbook, tsis muaj cov khoom txav mus los, thiab tsim tawm ib yam li LCD saib lossis cov ntxaij vab tshaus smartphone siv TFT thev naus laus zis.
Metamaterials yog tsim los ntawm subwavelength microstructures, uas yog, cov qauv uas nws qhov ntev tsawg dua li lub wavelength ntawm cov hluav taws xob lawv yuav tsum tau tswj. Cov txheej txheem no tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm cov khoom siv tsis sib nqus xws li tooj liab thiab txuas rau ntawm fiberglass PCB txheej txheej.
Metamaterials tuaj yeem tsim los cuam tshuam nrog cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuab hluav taws xob - dielectric tsis tu ncua thiab sib nqus permeability. Raws li Pablos Holman, tus kws tsim khoom ntawm Intellectual Ventures, lub kav hlau txais xov tsim los siv cov cuab yeej siv thev naus laus zis tuaj yeem thaum kawg muab cov xov tooj ntawm tes, xov tooj hauv tsev, thiab coaxial thiab fiber ntau optic cables.
Cov kav hlau txais xov qub tau hloov kho kom cuam tshuam kev tswj hwm lub zog ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb nthwv dej, uas ua rau muaj hluav taws xob zoo hauv lub kav hlau txais xov los tsim hluav taws xob. Nyob rau hauv lem, cov cim cim no tuaj yeem txhais ua cov ntaub ntawv.
Cov kav hlau txais xov niaj hnub no tsis yooj yim vim tias ntau zaus sib txawv xav tau hom kav hlau txais xov sib txawv. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub kav hlau txais xov ua los ntawm cov khoom siv, txheej txheej txheej tso cai rau koj hloov pauv txoj kev khoov ntawm cov tshuab hluav taws xob tsis zoo. Metamaterials qhia ob qho tsis zoo dielectric thiab tsis zoo sib nqus permeability thiab yog li ntawd muaj qhov tsis zoo refractive index. Qhov ntsuas qhov tsis zoo no, tsis pom nyob rau hauv ib qho khoom siv ntuj, txiav txim siab qhov kev hloov pauv hauv tshuab hluav taws xob thaum hla ciam teb ntawm ob qho xov xwm sib txawv. Yog li, tus txais ntawm lub kav hlau txais xov metamaterial tuaj yeem hloov kho hluav taws xob kom tau txais ntau qhov sib txawv, uas ua rau cov neeg tsim khoom tuaj yeem ua tiav kev siv dav dav thiab txo qhov loj ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov kav hlau txais xov.
Cov khoom siv sab hauv sab hauv lub antennas tau sib sau ua ke rau hauv cov tiaj tiaj sib npaug ntawm cov tuab tib neeg lub hlwb (zoo ib yam rau kev tso cov pixels ntawm lub vijtsam TV) nrog lwm qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov sib npaug ntawm cov duab plaub sib npaug, nrog rau cov qauv uas tswj cov nthwv dej tso tawm los ntawm software thiab tso cai rau lub kav hlau txais xov los txiav txim siab qhov kev xa xov hluav taws xob.
Holman tau piav qhia tias txoj hauv kev yooj yim tshaj plaws kom nkag siab qhov zoo ntawm cov kav hlau txais xov metamaterial yog ua tib zoo saib ntawm lub cev apertures ntawm tus kav hlau txais xov thiab kev ntseeg tau ntawm Internet kev sib txuas ntawm cov nkoj, dav hlau, drones thiab lwm yam kev txav mus los.
"Txhua qhov kev sib txuas xov tooj cua tshiab tau pib rau hauv lub hnub no," Holman hais ntxiv, "muaj peev xwm ntau dua li lub hnub qub ntawm lub hnub qub tsuas yog ob peb xyoos dhau los. Peb muaj lub peev xwm loj rau kev sib txuas lus wireless hauv cov xov tooj cua no, tab sis tsuas yog txoj hauv kev los sib txuas lus nrog lawv yog siv lub phaj satellite, uas loj, hnyav thiab kim rau nruab thiab tswj. Nrog tus kav hlau txais xov raws li cov khoom siv, peb tuaj yeem ua lub vaj huam sib luag tiaj tus uas tuaj yeem coj lub nqaj thiab tsom ncaj qha ntawm lub hnub qub.
"Tsib caug feem pua ntawm lub sijhawm uas lub kav hlau txais xov lub cev tsis tuaj yeem tsom mus rau satellite thiab koj ua haujlwm tau zoo," Holman hais. "Yog li ntawd, lub kav hlau txais xov metamaterial tuaj yeem muaj txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb hauv cov ntsiab lus hauv hiav txwv, vim tias lub tais tau tswj lub cev kom coj nws mus rau lub hnub qub, vim tias lub nkoj feem ntau hloov pauv thiab cuam tshuam tas li ntawm nthwv dej."
Bionics
Kev txhim kho cov ntaub ntawv tshiab tseem tab tom txav mus rau kev tsim cov txheej txheem hloov pauv tau yooj yim nrog cov duab nyuaj. Nov yog lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb tau ua los ntawm kev siv txuj ci tshawb fawb los ntawm kev siv cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev koom tes, thaj chaw, kev ua haujlwm thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua neej nyob hauv cov cuab yeej siv thiab tshuab. Bionics (hauv Western cov ntawv nyeem biomimetics) pab tus neeg los tsim cov txheej txheem txheej txheem thiab txheej txheem thev naus laus zis raws li cov tswv yim pom thiab qiv los ntawm xwm.
Tsoomfwv Meskas Lub Tsev Haujlwm Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tsov Rog Hauv Lub Ntiaj Teb tab tom sim ntsuas lub cuab yeej tshawb nrhiav kuv tus kheej (APU) uas siv cov hauv paus ntsiab lus bionic. ua raws li kev txav ntawm lub neej marine. Rab chais ntev 3 meters thiab tuaj yeem nqa tau los ntawm ob tus neeg. Nws cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib koom ua haujlwm ntawm plaub lub flapping tis thiab ob lub nkoj tom qab. Kev txav mus los zoo ib yam txav ntawm qee tus tsiaj, xws li noog thiab vaub kib. Qhov no tso cai rau APU kom txav mus los, ua qhov ua kom zoo ntawm qhov nrawm thiab mus txog qhov nrawm. Qhov kev ua haujlwm zoo no tseem tso cai rau rab chais kom yooj yim rau nws tus kheej thiab ntab ncig cov khoom rau 3D duab.
Tsoom Fwv Teb Chaws Asmeskas Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb tau pab nyiaj Pliant Energy Systems kev txhim kho tus qauv rau kev xaiv tus kheej Velox submersible, uas hloov cov kiv cua nrog cov kab ke ntawm ntau yam ruaj khov, tsis muaj kab, zoo li cov fins uas ua rau rov ua haujlwm zoo ib yam li kev txav mus los. Cov cuab yeej hloov pauv qhov txav ntawm hluav taws xob, nthwv dej, hloov pauv tau yooj yim polymer fins nrog lub dav hlau hyperbolic geometry mus rau hauv kev txhais lus, txav mus los dawb hauv dej, hauv nthwv dej nthwv dej, hauv cov xuab zeb, hla hiav txwv thiab cov av hauv av, ntawm cov pob zeb nplua lossis dej khov.
Raws li Pliant Energy Systems tus kws tshaj lij, txoj kev txav mus rau tom ntej tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam hauv cov nroj tsuag tuab, vim tias tsis muaj qhov hloov pauv, thaum txo qis kev puas tsuaj rau cov nroj tsuag thiab cov av. Cov khoom siv suab nrov qis, siv los ntawm lub roj teeb lithium-ion, tuaj yeem txhim kho nws lub nkoj kom tswj tau nws txoj haujlwm hauv qab dej khov, thaum nws tuaj yeem tswj tau nyob deb. Nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog: kev sib txuas lus, suav nrog GPS, WiFi, xov tooj cua lossis satellite raws; kev txawj ntse thiab kev khaws cov ntaub ntawv; tshawb nrhiav thiab cawm; thiab luam theej duab thiab txheeb xyuas qhov min.
Kev txhim kho nanotechnology thiab microstructures kuj tseem ceeb heev hauv bionic thev naus laus zis, kev tshoov siab uas tau coj los ntawm qhov xwm txheej txhawm rau sim ua cov txheej txheem ntawm lub cev lossis ua kom zoo dua cov khoom siv tshiab.
Tsoomfwv Meskas Lub Tsev Haujlwm Tshawb Fawb Kev Tshawb Fawb tab tom tsim cov ntaub thaiv npog polymer uas muaj txheej txheej microstructure zoo ib yam li lub plhaub chitinous ntawm crustaceans, tab sis ua los ntawm cov khoom yas. Qhov no tso cai rau cov khoom siv kom haum raws ntau qhov kub thiab txias, uas tso cai rau nws siv los tiv thaiv cov neeg ua haujlwm, cov chaw nyob ruaj ruaj, tsheb thiab dav hlau.
Raws li Yas Sanghera, lub taub hau ntawm cov khoom siv kho qhov muag thiab cov cuab yeej siv hauv chav kuaj no, kev tiv thaiv muaj nyob hauv khw feem ntau yog ua los ntawm peb hom yas thiab tsis tuaj yeem ib puas feem pua tiv taus 9-mm mos txwv los ntawm 1-2 meters thiab ya los ntawm kev nrawm. 335 m / os.
Cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv pob tshab tsim los ntawm chav kuaj no tso cai txo 40% hauv qhov hnyav thaum tswj hwm kev ncaj ncees thiab nqus 68% ntau lub zog mos txwv. Sanghera piav qhia tias cov cuab yeej ua rog tuaj yeem siv tau zoo rau ntau daim ntawv thov ua tub rog, xws li tsheb tiv thaiv kuv, tsheb tiv thaiv amphibious, muab tsheb thiab lub qhov rooj dav hlau dav hlau.
Raws li Sanghera, nws chav kuaj mob siab rau, raws li kev txhim kho uas twb muaj lawm, los tsim lub teeb pom kev zoo raws li cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv nrog ntau yam cuam tshuam thiab ua tiav qhov hnyav txo qis ntau dua 20%, uas yuav muab kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv phom phom loj ntawm 7, 62x39 mm.
DARPA tseem tab tom txhim kho pob tshab Spinel armor nrog cov khoom tshwj xeeb. Cov khoom siv no muaj cov yam ntxwv cuam tshuam zoo heev, tawv tawv thiab tiv taus yaig, nce kev tiv thaiv rau lwm yam; nws kis tau dav dua qhov nruab nrab-nthwv dej infrared tawg, uas ua rau muaj peev xwm ntawm cov cuab yeej pom kev hmo ntuj (muaj peev xwm pom cov khoom tom qab iav nto), thiab tseem hnyav ib nrab ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm cov iav tsis pom kev ib txwm muaj.
Cov dej num no yog ib feem ntawm DARPA's Atoms to Product (A2P) program, uas "txhim kho cov thev naus laus zis thiab cov txheej txheem yuav tsum tau sib sau ua ke nanoscale hais (ze rau qhov ntau qhov atomic) rau hauv cov kab ke, cov khoom siv lossis cov khoom siv tsawg kawg ntawm cov nplai millimeter."
Tshaj li yim xyoo dhau los, Lub Chaw Haujlwm tau ua tiav qhov txo qis hauv cov tuab ntawm cov cuab yeej pob tshab los ntawm kwv yees li 18 cm txog 6 cm, thaum tswj hwm nws lub zog yam ntxwv, raws li lub taub hau ntawm A2P program ntawm DARPA, John Maine. Nws suav nrog ntau txheej sib txawv, "tsis yog txhua yam lawv yog cov yas thiab tsis yog txhua yam yas lossis iav," uas tau ua raws cov khoom siv los tiv thaiv kom tawg. "Koj yuav tsum xav txog nws li kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv, tsis yog ib qho khoom siv monolithic."
Spinel iav tau tsim rau kev teeb tsa ntawm cov qauv ntawm American Army FMTV (Tsev Neeg ntawm Cov Tsheb Loj Tactical) rau kev tshuaj xyuas los ntawm Armored Research Center.
Raws li A2P txoj haujlwm, DARPA muab khoom plig Voxtel, lub koom haum Oregon rau Nanomaterials thiab Microelectronics, $ 5.59 lab daim ntawv cog lus los tshawb fawb cov txheej txheem tsim khoom uas ntsuas los ntawm nano mus rau macro. Txoj haujlwm bionic no cuam tshuam nrog kev txhim kho cov nplaum hluavtaws uas ua raws li lub peev xwm ntawm cov nabqaum nabqaib.
"Ntawm ib sab ntawm cov gecko, muaj qee yam zoo li cov plaub hau me me … txog 100 microns ntev, uas ceg tawv. Qhov kawg ntawm txhua ceg ntoo me yog nanoplate me me txog 10 nanometers loj. Thaum ntsib nrog phab ntsa lossis qab nthab, cov phaj no tso cai rau gecko ua raws phab ntsa lossis qab nthab."
Maine tau hais tias cov tuam txhab tsim khoom tsis tuaj yeem rov tsim cov peev txheej no vim tias lawv tsis tuaj yeem tsim cov ceg ntoo nanostructures.
"Voxtel txhim kho cov thev naus laus zis tsim khoom uas rov ua dua cov qauv txheej txheem lom neeg no thiab khaws cov txiaj ntsig lom no. Nws siv cov pa roj carbon nanotubes hauv txoj hauv kev tshiab tiag tiag, nws tso cai rau koj los tsim cov txheej txheem 3D nyuaj thiab siv lawv hauv cov txheej txheem qub, tsis tas yuav yog cov qauv, tab sis lwm yam, muaj tswv yim ntau dua."
Voxtel xav txhim kho cov txheej txheem tsim khoom tsim khoom zoo tshaj plaws uas yuav tsim "cov khoom siv uas lawv tus kheej tau sib sau ua ke kom ua tiav cov thaiv, tom qab ntawd sib sau ua ke rau cov kab ke sib txawv." Cov txheej txheem no yuav ua raws kev sim sim cov lej caj ces yooj yim thiab cov tshuaj lom neeg pom muaj nyob rau hauv xwm, uas tso cai rau cov lwg me me sib sau ua ke los ntawm qib atomic mus rau hauv cov qauv loj uas muaj peev xwm muab lawv tus kheej nrog lub zog.
"Peb xav tsim kho cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab. Peb xav kom tau txais cov khoom siv nrog cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov nplaum epoxy, tab sis tsis muaj nws cov pov tseg thiab cov kab mob sib kis, - hais tias Qhov tseem ceeb. "Kev zoo nkauj ntawm cov khoom gecko-style yog tias nws tsis muaj qhov seem thiab ua haujlwm tam sim ntawd."
Lwm cov ntaub ntawv ua tau zoo tshaj plaws suav nrog cov khoom siv ultra-thin xws li graphene thiab carbon nanotubes, uas muaj cov yam ntxwv, cua sov, hluav taws xob, thiab cov khoom siv kho qhov muag uas yuav hloov pauv chaw niaj hnub no.
Graphene
Thaum cov pa roj carbon nanotubes muaj peev xwm zoo rau kev siv hauv tshuab hluav taws xob thiab camouflage, nrog rau hauv thaj chaw biomedical, graphene "zoo dua vim tias nws muab, tsawg kawg ntawm ntawv, muaj peev xwm ntau dua," said Giuseppe Dakvino, tus kws tshaj lij rau European Defense Lub koom haum (EOA).
Graphene yog ultra-thin nanomaterial tsim los ntawm txheej txheej ntawm cov pa roj carbon ib lub atom tuab. Lub teeb thiab ruaj khov graphene tau sau cov cua sov thiab hluav taws xob coj zoo. Kev tiv thaiv kev lag luam tau ua tib zoo kawm qhov ua tau ntawm kev siv graphene hauv daim ntawv thov uas xav tau nws lub zog, yoog raws thiab tiv taus kom sov siab, piv txwv li, hauv kev tawm tsam ua tub rog ua haujlwm hnyav.
Dakvino hais tias graphene "yog, yam tsawg kawg hauv txoj kev xav, cov khoom siv yav tom ntej. Qhov laj thawj yog vim li cas thiaj muaj kev sib cav sib ceg tam sim no vim tias tom qab ntau xyoo kev tshawb fawb hauv kev ua haujlwm pej xeem, nws tau pom meej tias nws yuav hloov pauv qhov xwm txheej sib ntaus."
"Txhawm rau sau tsuas yog qee qhov muaj peev xwm ua tau: cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hloov pauv tau yooj yim, lub zog siv hluav taws xob, kev tiv thaiv ballistic, kev zais, lim dej / daim nyias nyias, cov khoom siv cua sov ua kom sov siab, daim ntawv thov biomedical thiab cov ntsuas. Qhov no yog, qhov tseeb, cov lus qhia ua haujlwm tseem ceeb."
Thaum lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2017, EAO tau pib kawm ib xyoos txog qhov muaj peev xwm cog lus siv tub rog ntawm graphene thiab nws cuam tshuam rau European kev lag luam tiv thaiv. Txoj haujlwm no tau coj los ntawm Spanish Foundation rau Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb thiab Kev Tsim Kho Tshiab, uas yog University of Cartagena thiab tuam txhab Askiv Cambridge Nanomaterial Technology Ltd. Thaum lub Tsib Hlis 2018, kev sib tham ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb thiab kws tshaj lij ntawm graphene tau tuav, qhov uas qhia txoj hauv kev rau nws siv hauv kev tiv thaiv kev lag luam tau txiav txim siab.
Raws li EOA, "Ntawm cov ntaub ntawv uas muaj peev xwm hloov pauv kev muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv hauv kaum xyoo tom ntej, graphene yog siab nyob hauv cov npe. Lub teeb yuag, yoog raws, 200 zaug muaj zog dua hlau, thiab nws cov hluav taws xob ua tau zoo kawg (zoo dua li silicon), ib yam li nws cov thermal conductivity."
EOA kuj tau sau tseg tias graphene muaj cov khoom zoo hauv thaj tsam ntawm "kev tswj hwm kos npe". Ntawd yog, nws tuaj yeem siv los tsim "xov tooj cua-nqus cov txheej, uas yuav tig cov tsheb tub rog, dav hlau, submarines thiab cov nkoj nto mus rau yam khoom uas tsis tuaj yeem tshawb pom tau." Txhua yam no ua rau graphene yog cov khoom siv zoo nkauj heev tsis yog rau kev lag luam rau pej xeem, tab sis kuj tseem siv rau kev siv tub rog, av, huab cua thiab dej hiav txwv."
Txog qhov no, Asmeskas cov tub rog tab tom kawm txog kev siv graphene rau tsheb thiab tiv thaiv khaub ncaws. Raws li kws tshaj lij Emil Sandoz-Rosado ntawm Asmeskas Tub Rog Tub Rog Tshawb Fawb Kev Tshawb Fawb (ARL), cov khoom siv no muaj cov cuab yeej siv tau zoo, ib txheej txheej ntawm graphene yog 10 zaug nruj thiab ntau dua 30 zaug muaj zog dua tib txheej ntawm kev lag luam ballistic fiber. “Lub qab nthab rau graphene siab heev. Qhov no yog ib qho laj thawj vim li cas ntau pab pawg ua haujlwm hauv ARL tau qhia kev txaus siab rau nws, vim tias nws cov yam ntxwv tsim tau zoo heev hais txog kev xaj.
Txawm li cas los xij, kuj tseem muaj teeb meem loj heev. Ib ntawm lawv yog ntsuas cov khoom siv; cov tub rog xav tau cov ntaub ntawv tiv thaiv uas tuaj yeem npog cov tsheb loj, tsheb thiab cov tub rog. "Peb xav tau ntau ntxiv. Feem ntau, peb tab tom tham txog ib lab lossis ntau dua strata uas peb xav tau tam sim no ".
Sandoz-Rosado tau hais tias graphene tuaj yeem tsim tawm hauv ib lossis ob txoj hauv kev, xws li los ntawm txheej txheej txheej uas qhov zoo ntawm cov graphite tau muab cais ua cais txheej txheej atomic, lossis los ntawm kev loj hlob ib txheej atomic txheej ntawm graphene ntawm cov ntawv ci tooj liab. Cov txheej txheem no tau tsim los ntawm lub chaw soj nstuam ua cov graphene zoo. "Nws tsis zoo tag nrho, tab sis nws zoo nkauj heev rau nws. Txawm li cas los xij, hnub no nws yog lub sijhawm los tham txog ntau dua ib txheej txheej atomic, peb xav tau cov khoom lag luam puv ntoob ". Raws li qhov tsim nyog, ib txoj haujlwm tsis ntev los no tau tsim los tsim cov txheej txheem tsim cov graphene txuas ntxiv.
"Txawm hais tias nws yog carbon nanotubes lossis graphene, koj yuav tsum coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov tshwj xeeb xav tau uas yuav tsum tau ua," Dakvino ceeb toom, ceeb toom tias kev piav qhia raug cai ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom siv tshiab, txheej txheem ntawm cov txheej txheem meej rau tsim cov ntaub ntawv tshiab, kev rov tsim dua tshiab ntawm cov txheej txheem no, kev tsim khoom ntawm tag nrho cov saw (los ntawm kev tshawb fawb yooj yim rau kev tsim khoom ntawm kev ua qauv qhia thiab qauv) xav tau ua tib zoo kawm thiab txiav txim siab thaum nws los txog rau kev siv cov ntaub ntawv zoo xws li graphene thiab carbon nanotubes hauv kev ua tub rog.
"Qhov no tsis yog kev tshawb fawb xwb, vim tias tom qab tag nrho, koj yuav tsum paub tseeb tias qee yam khoom siv tau piav qhia meej thiab tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum paub tseeb tias nws tuaj yeem tsim tawm hauv qee cov txheej txheem. Nws tsis yooj yim, vim tias cov txheej txheem tsim khoom tuaj yeem hloov pauv, qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom lag luam tuaj yeem sib txawv nyob ntawm cov txheej txheem, yog li cov txheej txheem yuav tsum rov ua dua ob peb zaug."
Raws li Sandoz-Rosado, ARL tau ua haujlwm nrog graphene cov tuam txhab los tshuaj xyuas cov khoom lag luam qib zoo thiab nws cov peev txheej. Txawm hais tias nws tseem tsis tau paub meej tias cov txheej txheem txuas ntxiv, uas yog thaum pib ntawm lawv tsim, muaj tus qauv kev lag luam, muaj peev xwm tsim nyog thiab seb lawv puas tuaj yeem muab qhov xav tau zoo.
Dakvino tau sau tseg tias kev nce qib hauv kev ua qauv computer thiab quantum xam tuaj yeem ua rau kev tshawb fawb thiab kev txhim kho, ntxiv rau kev txhim kho cov txheej txheem rau kev tsim cov khoom siv qib siab nyob rau yav tom ntej. "Nrog lub khoos phis tawj pab tsim thiab tsim khoom, ntau yam tuaj yeem ua qauv: cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom thiab txawm tias cov txheej txheem tsim khoom tuaj yeem ua qauv. Koj tseem tuaj yeem tsim qhov kev muaj tiag, qhov twg koj tuaj yeem saib ntawm theem sib txawv ntawm kev tsim cov khoom."
Dakwino tseem tau hais tias kev siv lub khoos phis tawj thev naus laus zis siab dua thiab cov txheej txheem kev muaj tiag muaj txiaj ntsig los ntawm kev tsim "kev sib xyaw ua ke uas koj tuaj yeem sim cov khoom tshwj xeeb thiab saib yog tias cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem siv tau hauv ib puag ncig tshwj xeeb." Quantum xam tuaj yeem hloov pauv qhov xwm txheej ntawm no.
"Yav tom ntej, kuv pom ntau qhov kev txaus siab rau txoj hauv kev tshiab ntawm kev tsim khoom, txoj hauv kev tshiab ntawm kev tsim cov ntaub ntawv tshiab, thiab cov txheej txheem tsim khoom tshiab los ntawm kev sim computer, vim tias lub zog suav loj tuaj yeem muaj peev xwm tsuas yog tau los ntawm kev siv quantum computers."
Raws li Dakwino, qee qhov kev siv graphene yog thev naus laus zis ntau dua, thaum lwm tus tsawg dua. Piv txwv li, matrix-based ceramic composites tuaj yeem txhim kho los ntawm kev sib xyaw cov phaj graphene uas txhawb cov khoom thiab nce nws cov tshuab ua haujlwm thaum txo nws qhov hnyav. "Yog tias peb tab tom tham, piv txwv li, txog kev sib xyaw ua ke," txuas ntxiv Dakvino, "lossis, feem ntau cov lus, hais txog cov khoom siv ntxiv los ntawm kev ntxiv graphene, tom qab ntawd peb yuav tau txais cov ntaub ntawv tiag thiab cov txheej txheem tiag tiag ntawm lawv cov khoom loj, yog tias tsis tag kis, tab sis tej zaum hauv tsib xyoos tom ntej ".
"Qhov no yog vim li cas graphene thiaj li txaus nyiam rau cov kab ke tiv thaiv kab mob. Tsis yog vim graphene tuaj yeem siv ua khaub ncaws hnav. Tab sis yog tias koj siv graphene hauv koj cov ris tsho tiv thaiv ua cov khoom siv ntxiv, tom qab ntawd nws tuaj yeem muaj zog dua li Kevlar."
Cov cheeb tsam tseem ceeb, piv txwv li, kev tswj hwm tus kheej thiab lub ntsuas pa, nrog rau cov tub rog muaj kev pheej hmoo siab, xws li hauv qab dej, qhov chaw thiab cybernetic, feem ntau ntawm txhua tus vam khom cov khoom siv tshiab thiab kev sib txuas ntawm nano- thiab microtechnology nrog biotechnology, "zais cia" cov ntaub ntawv, cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab thiab tsim hluav taws xob thiab cov tshuab cia khoom.
Metamaterials thiab nanotechnology xws li graphene thiab carbon nanotubes tab tom txhim kho sai sai niaj hnub no. Hauv cov thev naus laus zis tshiab no, cov tub rog tab tom nrhiav rau cov hauv kev tshiab, tshawb nrhiav lawv daim ntawv thov thiab cov peev txheej muaj peev xwm, vim tias lawv raug yuam kom sib npaug ntawm qhov xav tau ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua niaj hnub no thiab cov hom phiaj tshawb fawb ntev.
