Peb thiab xov xwm txawv teb chaws muaj cov ntawv tshaj tawm txog Asmeskas kev siv riam phom tshiab - rab phom (Lus Askiv "railgun" - "phom phom"). Hauv Tebchaws Meskas, cov ntawv xov xwm hu nws tias "Arrow of God."
Cia peb sim ua ntu zus nkag siab cov khoom tshiab. Vim li cas rab phom thiaj yog phom phom? Yog, vim tias tsis muaj lub thoob hauv nws, thiab cov phiaj xwm txav mus los ntawm ob txoj hauv kev hlau, vaguely zoo li txoj kab. Lub projectile yog ua conductive. Thaum lub zog hluav taws xob hluav taws xob muaj zog, cov dej loj ntws los ntawm nws, thiab cov cua sov ua kom sov heev. Qhov no suav tag nrho tsis suav nrog nws nrog cov khoom tawg yooj yim, tsis hais txog lub foob pob nuclear.
Hauv qhov kev sim hauv xyoo 2008-2016, cov tsheb ciav hlau phom dummy tau teeb tsa ob- thiab peb-kilogram phom. Hauv kev teeb tsa kev sib ntaus sib tua, nws yuav tsum tua cov foob pob uas hnyav 9 kg ntawm qhov nrawm 6-7 zaug siab dua li lub suab nrawm, ntawm qhov deb ntawm 450-500 km.
Yog li, rab phom rab phom zoo ib yam li rab phom mos mos los ntawm lub sij hawm ntawm Ivan qhov txaus ntshai, tua lub hauv paus ruaj khov. Qhov sib txawv tsuas yog qhov nrawm ntawm qhov projectile tau nce 10-20 zaug. Raws li nyob rau xyoo pua 16th, txhawm rau ntaus tus yeeb ncuab nrog cov riam phom no, tsuas yog yuav tsum tau ntaus ncaj.
Kuv txhob txwm tshaj tawm, raws li tsis muaj kev txaus siab rau tus nyeem ntawv, ntau cov teeb meem kev cuam tshuam nrog kev tsim cov phom tsheb ciav hlau. Ntawm lawv, qhov chaw tseem ceeb yog nyob ntawm kev muaj sia nyob ntawm kev teeb tsa (cua sov ntau dhau, yaig ntawm cov tsheb nqaj hlau qhia, thiab lwm yam). Nws yog qhov xav paub yuav ua li cas tungsten projectile, ua kom sov ntau txhiab degrees, yuav coj li cas thaum nws tsoo lub stratosphere ntawm qhov chaw siab tshaj ntawm 25 kilometers lossis ntau dua, qhov twg qhov kub nce mus txog 50-100 degrees Celsius. Thiab tungsten, Kuv nco ntsoov, yog cov hlau tsis taus heev.
Kuv yuav tsom mus rau yam uas ua rau pom zoo tshaj plaws - qhov raug ntawm cov phom phom loj ntawm qhov deb ntawm 400 kilometers lossis ntau dua. Ib tus tau txais kev xav tias Pentagon yog tus coj Asmeskas cov nom tswv thiab cov pej xeem los ntawm lub qhov ntswg. Puas yog lawv tsis nco qab tias muaj qhov zoo li huab cua?
TSEV KAWM NTAWV thiab FANTASTIC
Nov yog ob qho piv txwv yooj yim. Qhov kawg ntawm xyoo 1930, USSR tau siv 12.7-mm DShK rab phom tshuab, uas tau siv lub mos txwv hnyav 48.2 g ntawm qhov nrawm ntawm 840 m / s. Raws li xyoo 1938 cov rooj tua hluav taws, qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm DShK yog 4 km, thiab hauv cov lus zoo ib yam xyoo 1946, qhov kev tua ntau yog ib nrab - txog 2 km. Dab tsi, cov cartridges tau ua phem dua? Tsis yog, ob qho tib si hauv xyoo 1938 thiab xyoo 1946, cov mos txwv DShK tau ya mus deb li ntawm 6 km. Tab sis qhov no yog qhov hu ua ballistic ntau, thaum lub mos txwv ya ntawm qhov nrawm thiab ntog hauv dav hlau. Yog li tua ntawm DShK ntawm qhov deb ntawm ntau dua 2 km tsis muaj txiaj ntsig kiag li, raws li lawv hais, mus rau hauv lub teeb dawb - zoo li nyiaj npib zoo nkauj. Tab sis nws tuaj rau peb cov tub rog tsuas yog xyoo 1946.
Qhov piv txwv thib ob Kev tiv thaiv niaj hnub tiv thaiv lub tank sub-caliber projectile hnyav 5, 9 kg thiab nrog rau qhov pib ceev txog 2000 m / s muaj cov kab ntawv ntau txog 2 km. Ntxiv mus, nws yooj yim yuav tsis tsoo lub tank, txawm hais tias qhov projectile no tau nruab nrog tis uas nthuav tawm hauv dav hlau rau kev ruaj ntseg.
Txog cov poj niam zoo nkauj Kuv yuav piav qhia nrog ob qho piv txwv ntxiv. Thaum Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum 1, ntawm qhov siab ntawm 300-400 m, cov kws tsav dav hlau tau ntes cov phom me me los ntawm hauv av nrog lawv txhais tes. Thiab thaum lub sijhawm sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Borodino, tus kws tshaj lij Lavxias tau zaum ntawm lub rooj hauv tsev pheeb suab ntaub, thaum lub teeb (3 lossis 4 phaus) pob ya hauv qhov kawg thiab tsoo nws hauv plab. Tus kws kho mob tau tawm hws thiab tsis plam nws lub peev xwm los ua haujlwm. Thiab cov khaub ncaws zoo ib yam nkaus!
Cov neeg Asmeskas khav theeb tias kev teeb tsa phom yuav "nruab nrog GPS-tus kho qhov muag, uas yuav tsis tso cai rau qhov projectile kom txav deb ntawm lub hom phiaj los ntawm ntau dua 5 m ntawm qhov deb ntawm 400 km." Tab sis qhov tseeb tus navigator nyob ntawm rab phom, tsis yog ntawm qhov projectile. Txhua qhov no zoo li tsis muaj tseeb dab neeg …
Ntau qhov nthuav ntau yog tus neeg nqa khoom ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws "Zamvolt". Raws li Pentagon cov phiaj xwm, los ntawm 2020–2025, Zamvolt-class destroyers yuav nruab nrog ib rab phom tsheb ciav hlau. Lub sijhawm no, lawv lub peev xwm tseem ceeb yog ob 155-mm cov phom loj (AU) AGS.
Kev sim phom no pib thaum Lub Kaum Hli 2001. Thaum Lub Yim Hli 31, 2005, tus qauv ntawm yim lub foob pob raug tua nyob rau hauv 45 vib nas this, uas yog, qhov hluav taws kub tau yog 10.7 puag ncig ib feeb. Kev tsim khoom me me ntawm AGS tau pib xyoo 2010. Qhov ntev ntawm rab phom phom yog 62 caliber. Lub thoob muaj dej txias. Ib leeg tes tsho thauj khoom. Lub kaum sab xis nce yog + 70 ±, uas tso cai rau koj tua hluav taws ntawm lub hom phiaj tiv thaiv dav hlau. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau AGS, lub LRLAP nquag-foob pob hluav taws tau tsim nrog qhov ntev ntawm 2.44 m, uas yog, 11 calibers. Qhov hnyav ntawm qhov projectile yog 102 kg, ntawm qhov tawg yog 11 kg, uas yog, 7, 27%. Qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov yuav tshwm sim ntawm qhov projectile, nyob ntawm qhov ntau, yog los ntawm 20 txog 50 m. Tus nqi ntawm qhov projectile yog 35 txhiab daus las. Qhov kev tua ntau ntawm LRLAP projectile yog 154 km. Yog tias tsim nyog, AGS kev teeb tsa kuj tseem tuaj yeem tua cov foob pob 155-hli pom zoo, tab sis qhov ntau tau raug txo mus rau 40 km.
Raws li qhov tshwm sim, peb pom tias cov phom 155-mm classic ntawm cov neeg rhuav tshem yog nws cov riam phom tiag tiag thiab muaj peev xwm, sib piv rau rab phom zoo ib nrab. Hauv kuv lub tswv yim, AGS yuav hloov pauv cov phom loj hauv nkoj sai sai. DDG-1000 Zamvolt tau ua haujlwm pabcuam thaum lub Tsib Hlis 2016, thiab ob qhov ntxiv-DDG-1001 thiab DDG-1002-nyob rau qib siab ntawm kev npaj tau zoo.
UNIVERSAL GUN
Zoo, peb muaj hom mos txwv zoo li cas nruab nrab? Tam sim no (raws li lub Rau Hli 2016) lub nkoj "Admiral Gorshkov" ntawm Txoj Haujlwm 23350, muaj riam phom nrog rab phom 130-mm nce A-192M "Armata", tab tom raug sim. Hauv ib nrab ntawm xyoo 1980s, Arsenal tsim chaw lis haujlwm pib txhim kho 130-mm ib rab phom ib rab phom A-192M "Armata" ntawm cov tshuab ua kom yooj yim A-192M-5P-10. Cov ntaub ntawv ballistic thiab tus nqi hluav taws ntawm kev teeb tsa tshiab tseem tsis hloov pauv piv rau AK-130. Qhov hnyav ntawm lub phom phom tau txo mus rau 24 tons. Puma lub tshuab radar tshiab yuav tsum tswj hwm qhov hluav taws xob ntawm kev teeb tsa. Cov mos txwv thauj khoom yuav tsum suav nrog tsawg kawg ob lub foob pob ua rog - "Hneev -2" thiab "Aurora".
Xyoo 1991, 98 txhaj tshuaj raug rho tawm ntawm Rzhevka qhov chaw sim los ntawm kev teeb tsa "Armata", thiab nws tau npaj siab ua qhov kev xeem hauv xeev xyoo 1992. Txawm li cas los xij, kev sib tsoo ntawm USSR tau faus Anchar thiab lwm qhov haujlwm hauv nkoj nrog rab phom tshiab, thiab ua haujlwm ntawm A-192M tau ntxeev pob. Kev tua los ntawm A-192M ntawm Rzhevka rov pib tsuas yog xyoo 2011. Lub caij no, nyob rau hauv Brezhnev lub sijhawm, lub nkoj tshwj xeeb cov phom loj tau tsim, raws li lawv lub zog, los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm qhov loj tshaj rau ob qho tib si 130-mm A-192M thiab Asmeskas 155-mm AGS.
Xyoo 1983-1984, ib txoj haujlwm tau tsim los rau siv riam phom zoo heev. Xav txog lub nkoj, hauv rab hneev uas muaj cov yeeb nkab tshwj xeeb uas muaj qhov siab ntawm 4, 9 m thiab tuab li ntawm ib nrab ntawm ib lub 'meter' sticks ntsug. Dheev, cov yeeb nkab khoov, thiab los ntawm nws nrog kev sib tsoo … txhua yam! Tsis yog, kuv tsis tso dag. Piv txwv li, peb lub nkoj raug foob los ntawm lub dav hlau lossis lub foob pob hluav taws, thiab kev teeb tsa hluav taws tiv thaiv lub dav hlau coj los tiv thaiv. Ib qhov twg hla lub qab ntug, pom ib lub nkoj yeeb ncuab, thiab lub nkoj caij nkoj ya los ntawm cov yeeb nkab nyob deb li ntawm 250 km. Lub nkoj submarine tau tshwm sim, thiab lub projectile ya tawm ntawm cov yeeb nkab, uas, tom qab kev sib tsoo, dhau los ua qhov tob nrog tus nqi tshwj xeeb. Nws yuav tsum tau txhawb nqa qhov tsaws tsaws nrog hluav taws - thiab 110 -kilogram lub foob pob twb tau ya ntawm qhov deb ntawm 42 km. Tab sis cov yeeb ncuab nyob ntawm ntug dej loj hauv cov pob zeb ua lub tsev lossis cov tsev zeb muaj zog. Ntawm nws, 406-mm super-haib lub foob pob tawg hnyav 1, 2 tons tau siv tam sim ntawd, muaj peev xwm rhuav tshem lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov deb li 10 km.
Kev teeb tsa tau muaj qhov hluav taws kub ntawm 10 ncig ntawm ib feeb rau cov cuaj luaj thiab 15-20 rov ua dua ib feeb rau cov mos txwv. Hloov pauv hom mos txwv tsis pub ntev tshaj 4 vib nas this. Qhov hnyav ntawm kev teeb tsa nrog ib-tier slug cellar yog 32 t, thiab nrog ob-tier ib-60 t. Kev suav ntawm kev teeb tsa yog 4-5 tus neeg. Cov phom loj 406-mm tuaj yeem teeb tsa tau yooj yim txawm tias nyob hauv cov nkoj me nrog kev tshem tawm ntawm 2-3 txhiab tons.
Dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm rab phom no? Lub ntsej muag tseem ceeb ntawm kev teeb tsa yog kev txwv ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm qhov nqis mus rau 30 ±, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua kom tob dua lub qag ntawm cov pob zeb hauv qab lub lawj los ntawm 500 hli thiab tshem tawm ntauwd los ntawm kev tsim. Ib feem viav vias tau muab tso rau hauv qab rooj sib ntaus thiab hla dhau lub ntsej muag ntawm lub dome.
Vim yog qhov qis (howitzer) ballistics, tuab ntawm cov phab ntsa phab ntsa raug txo. Lub thoob yog hlua nrog lub muzzle nres. Kev thauj khoom tau nqa tawm ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm 90 ± ncaj qha los ntawm lub cellar los ntawm "of the elevator-rammer" nyob coaxially ntawm qhov tig. Kev txhaj tshuaj suav nrog cov mos txwv (projectile lossis foob pob ua ntxaij) thiab lub pallet uas cov neeg tua hluav taws tau tso. Lub lauj kaub rau txhua hom mos txwv yog tib yam. Nws tau txav mus nrog cov mos txwv raws qhov nqes hav thiab sib cais tom qab tawm hauv cov channel. Txhua txoj haujlwm rau xa thiab xa mus tau ua tiav. Txoj haujlwm ntawm rab phom zoo tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb no tau nthuav heev thiab yog qhov qub, tab sis kev daws teeb meem ntawm kev coj noj coj ua tsis txawv ntawm qhov qub: 406 mm lub peev xwm tsis tau muab los ntawm cov qauv ntawm Lavxias Navy.
INSTEAD OF SEA - SPACE DALS
Hauv nruab nrab-1970s, kev tsim qauv ntawm 203-mm Pion-M lub nkoj teeb tsa tau pib (tsis txhob poob siab nrog Pion-M ACS, 2S7M, tau txais hauv xyoo 1983 los ntawm kev hloov kho 2S7!) -mm 2A44 ACS rab phom "Pion". Qhov no yog Soviet cov lus teb rau Asmeskas 203-mm kev sim teeb tsa Mk 71. Txawm tias cov mos txwv npaj txhij rau kev tua yog tib yam rau ob lub tshuab-75 cais-rooj sib dhos thauj khoom. Txawm li cas los xij, Pion tus nqi hluav taws tau siab dua Mk 71. Piona-M qhov kev tswj hwm hluav taws yog kev hloov kho ntawm Lev system rau AK-130. Xyoo 1976-1979, kev ua thawj coj ntawm Navy tau xa ntau qhov laj thawj txaus rau qhov ua tau zoo ntawm rab phom 203-mm. Yog li, piv txwv li, qhov loj ntawm lub qhov taub ntawm lub foob pob tawg loj los ntawm AK-130 yog 1.6 m, thiab ntawm Pion-M-3.2 m.
Lub foob pob 203-mm nquag-foob pob ua ntxaij, pawg thiab ua cov phiaj xwm muaj peev xwm zoo sib xws hauv kev sib piv nrog 130 mm caliber. Yog li, lub foob pob ua haujlwm "Piona-M" muaj thaj tsam li 50 km.
Los yog tej zaum Khrushchev thiab nws cov neeg qhuas nws yog qhov raug tom qab Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, rab phom ntawm qhov muaj zog tshaj 127-130 mm tsis xav tau los ntawm Navy? Alas, txhua qhov kev tsov kev rog hauv cheeb tsam tau tsis lees paub nqe lus no. Raws li qhov tsis lees paub ntawm Asmeskas cov neeg qhuas, kev siv riam phom zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Kauslim, Nyab Laj thiab Lebanese kev tsov rog yog 406-mm phom ntawm Asmeskas kev sib ntaus sib tua. Cov Yankees, nrog rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv cheeb tsam, de-mothballed thiab hloov kho lawv cov Iowa-chav sib ntaus sib tua tshiab thiab nquag siv lawv los tua cov yeeb ncuab lub hom phiaj ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv. Lub sijhawm kawg 406-mm phom ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua "Missouri" raug tua ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Iraq xyoo 1991.
Tab sis rov qab mus rau phom tsheb ciav hlau. Kuv rov hais dua, "Arrow of God" yog cov txheej txheem zoo rau "dag" Asmeskas cov neeg koom nrog pawg ntseeg uas tsis txawj siv lub cev thiab thev naus laus zis ntau dhau.
Thiab ntawm no kuv tso tsis nres tag nrho, tab sis tus lej. Qhov tseeb yog txhua qhov teeb meem ntawm kev teeb tsa tubrog nkoj lossis av raws li lub tsheb ciav hlau tau ploj mus … hauv qhov chaw. "Arrow of God", hauv kuv lub tswv yim, yog qhov chaw cia siab rau riam phom. Hauv qhov chaw, tsis muaj huab cua thiab tsis muaj kev tawg. Thiab qhov projectile uas hnyav txog 50 g tuaj yeem muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm 5 m ntawm qhov nrug tsis yog 400, tab sis txawm tias 1000 km. Kev tsoo ntawm 50 g projectile tau lees tias yuav rhuav tshem txhua lub dav hlau, suav nrog ISS hom chaw nres tsheb.
Tab sis kev teeb tsa kev tsheb ciav hlau yuav tsis tuaj yeem tua ntawm lub hom phiaj hauv av los ntawm qhov chaw. Txawm hais tias … cia peb tau txais kev zoo nkauj. Nyob ze qhov chaw, muaj cov foob pob hluav taws txaus thiab cov asteroids hnyav ntawm 100 txog 10 txhiab tons. Nrog kev pab los ntawm rab phom rab phom tau teeb tsa hauv lub dav hlau hauv ntiaj teb lub orbit, ob peb qhov kev txhaj tshuaj tuaj yeem kho txoj hauv kev ya dav hlau me me. Zoo, kev puas tsuaj hauv ntiaj teb los ntawm kev poob ntawm "mini" no yuav sib npaug rau kev tawg ntawm kaum tawm lossis ntau pua lub foob pob hydrogen.
