Nanofine disguise
Tus tsim cov camouflage cov xov tooj cua-nqus cov khoom rau cov keeb kwm yav dhau los yog Lub Chaw Tsim Qauv Nruab Nrab ntawm Cov Khoom Siv Xov Tooj Cua Tshwj Xeeb JSC, uas tau tshwj xeeb hauv kev tshawb fawb xov tooj cua-hluav taws xob rau ntau dua 50 xyoo. Cov khoom lag luam ntawm cov tuam txhab no, uas yog ib feem ntawm Ruselectronics tuam txhab (Rostec lub xeev kev lag luam), tsis tsuas yog zais thiab tiv thaiv cov ntaub ntawv, tab sis kuj txhais tau tias tiv thaiv cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm kev tsis tau tso cai nkag los ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob. Txhua yam khoom siv xov tooj cua-niaj hnub tsim los ntawm Central Design Bureau ntawm koom pheej ntawm Moldova yog ua raws cov khoom siv dav-dav-ntau yam cloaking siv los ntawm ferromagnetic microwire hauv iav rwb thaiv tsev.
Ntu lus luv luv txog cov tswv yim ntawm kev siv cov khoom lag luam no. Ua ntej, tau kawg, lub tsheb pom kev rau cov yeeb ncuab nrhiav tau raug txo los ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm 3.5-4 zaug, uas yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau kev tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam dav hlau. Qhov thib ob, yog tias peb xav tias txhua yam khoom siv tsis yog npog nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj los ntawm cov tshuab tiv thaiv huab cua, nws hloov tawm tias cov yeeb ncuab, thaum cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv xov tooj cua tau pom los ntawm cov radars hauv lub nkoj, yuav nyob hauv thaj tsam ntawm Pantsir-S lossis Tunguska complexes … Qee qhov, txawm tias kev tawm tsam siv MANPADS dhau los ua tau.
Kuv yuav tsum hais tias tsis muaj ib yam dab tsi tshiab hauv kev npog "daus" npog - cov kev daws teeb meem zoo li twb tau siv hauv kev tsim tub rog hauv tsev, tab sis ntau ntxiv nyob rau tom qab.
Cov khoom siv raws li tshuab thev naus laus zis tau tsim hauv xyoo 2006 rau kev tsim cov khoom siv xov tooj cua-nqus dej, suav nrog ob txheej. Cov lus hais saum toj no ferromagnetic microwires tau sib tw ua ke, tsim cov yoog raws tau yooj yim, uas, nyeg, tau qhwv rau hauv lub hauv paus mesh ntawm txhua txheej ntawm cov khoom. Txhua lub hauv paus no suav nrog kev ua hluav taws xob ua hluav taws xob, nyob hauv qhov tsis sib xws - ob qho tib si raws txoj kab thiab nthuav tawm los ntawm nws radially hauv txhua qhov kev qhia. Hauv qhov no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas cov lus qhia ntawm kev xaws yog sib npaug ntawm ib leeg hauv txhua txheej. Txhawm rau txhim kho ob txheej rau ib leeg, ob qho yeeb yaj kiab tau muab, nyob nrog qee cov kauj ruam raws tag nrho thaj tsam ntawm cov khoom, lossis kho raws ib puag ncig ntawm daim ntaub.
Yuav muaj dab tsi tshwm sim rau "yeeb ncuab" hluav taws xob nthwv dej los tsoo cov khoom siv xov tooj cua hauv tsev? Ua ntej tshaj plaws, microdipoles nqus ib feem ntawm cov nthwv dej, thiab qee qhov ntawm lawv cuam tshuam thiab rov xav txog lawv ntau zaus vim lawv cov kev tsis sib haum xeeb. Cov txheej txheem ntawm cov khoom siv, rov qab los, yog ib txheej txheej ob txheej, uas ntxiv rau pab txhawb rau qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm cov xov tooj cua yoj. Qhov zoo tshaj, ib feem me me ntawm cov hluav taws xob rov qab mus rau lub txais radar, uas, qhov tseeb, txiav txim siab qhov cloaking nyhuv ntawm cov khoom. Qhov nruab nrab, 1 square meter ntawm cov npog npog yuav tsum tsawg dua 10 grams ntawm ferromagnetic alloy koom nrog hauv kev nqus thiab cuam tshuam txog xov tooj cua.
Hauv Tebchaws Meskas, los ntawm txoj kev, thev naus laus zis feem ntau siv rau txo cov npe radar yog kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov hluav taws xob microdipoles ntawm ntau qhov ntev mus rau hauv txheej nyias ntawm cov tsis xav tau. Xws li cov khoom sib xyaw tuaj yeem siv los ua khaub ncaws thiab npog ntsej muag, tab sis qib ntawm kev nqus ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob tau pom zoo qis dua li qhov kev paub hauv Lavxias. Yog li ntawd, nws muaj kev nyab xeeb los hais tias thev naus laus zis ntawm Central Design Bureau of Special Radio Materials tsis muaj qhov sib txawv nyob txawv teb chaws. Ntxiv mus, nyob rau hauv lub plab ntawm lub chaw lis haujlwm, txoj haujlwm tseem tab tom hloov kho cov txheej txheem patented rau cov kev xav tau ntawm thev naus laus zis, tsim raws li lub tswv yim zais cia. Nws tau kwv yees tias cov txheej txheem txheej txheej nyias nyias tshiab ntawm cov iav yuav muaj cov iav fiber ntau nrog cov hlau nplaum ferromagnetic. Cov khoom siv tau tuaj yeem siv los ua lub dav hlau dav hlau, nyoob hoom qav taub, nkoj nkoj thiab cov nkoj tiv thaiv ntug dej hiav txwv. Cov kws tshaj lij xav tias sib piv nrog Asmeskas cov thev naus laus zis, kev hloov pauv tshiab hauv tsev yuav xav tau cov peev txheej tsawg dua rau kev saib xyuas. Ib tus tsuas yog yuav tsum nco ntsoov ntev npaum li cas nws thiaj li yuav rov zoo los ntawm kev ya dav hlau kim heev B-2 thiab F-22 txheej. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no yog txhua yam tam sim no tsuas yog thawj qhov kev txhim kho theoretical, hauv kev coj ua lawv tsis tau lees paub. Tsawg kawg, tsis muaj lus qhia qhib txog qhov teeb meem no.
Ntxiv nrog rau "mos" cov khoom siv hauv xov tooj cua, CDB RM kuj tsim cov khoom "nyuaj" heev. Yog li, ua ke nrog Moscow Lub Tsev Haujlwm Hlau thiab Alloys, ntau dua 10 xyoo dhau los, cov khoom tau txais raws li kev txhawb nqa macroporous nrog cov xaum npib tsib xee 10-100 nm loj. Tus neeg nqa khoom yog TZMK 10 cov khoom, uas tau siv ntau dhau los ua daim tawv nqaij ntawm Buran lub dav hlau. Qhov xwm txheej hluav taws xob sib nqus ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw ua rau muaj kev sib hloov ntawm cov npib tsib xee microparticles, uas yog, nws tau nqus, tig mus rau lub zog cua sov. Qhov ntau ntawm cov nqus hluav taws xob nqus tau dav heev - los ntawm 8 txog 30 GHz.
Txhawm rau saj thiab xim ntawm cov neeg siv khoom
Cov ntaub ntawv camouflage tsim los siv thev naus laus zis tau piav qhia saum toj no tuaj yeem siv los tiv thaiv ob qho khoom siv ruaj khov thiab cov cuab yeej siv tub rog, yam tsis muaj kev txwv nws txoj haujlwm: cov txheej txheej yooj yim siv cov duab geometric ntawm cov khoom camouflaged. Ntxiv rau kev tiv thaiv radar, xws li "lub ntsej muag tsis pom kev" ua kom pom qhov pom ntawm qhov khoom, tom qab ntawd txo qhov ua rau nws pom pom qhov muag. Kev hloov xim xim kuj tseem pab tau ntau rau qhov no - ua ke ntawm cov xim ntsuab tsaus, dub thiab grey -daj xim hauv ntau qhov sib piv, nyob ntawm thaj chaw siv.
Cov neeg ua ntej tam sim ntawd ntawm cov khoom tshiab "Arctic" xov tooj cua-nqus cov khoom yog MRPK-1L cov khoom, uas tau txais los ntawm Lavxias Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ruaj Ntseg hauv xyoo 2006. Nws cov yawg koob yog MRPK, tau txais los ntawm cov tub rog rov qab rau xyoo 1988 thiab sawv cev npog nrog thaj tsam ntawm 168 square metres. meters. MRPK -1L loj dua me ntsis - 216 sq. meters. Teeb MRPK-1L tau siv cov nanostructured ferromagnetic microwire hauv iav rwb thaiv tsev, daim ntawv pov thawj uas tau piav qhia saum toj no. Txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb kom tau txais microwire no yog yaj nrog cov inductor hauv lub xeev raug ncua nrog tsim cov capillary puv nrog cov hlau yaj. Hauv qhov no, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb heev kom ua kom txias sai sai ua cov qauv ntawm tus nqi ntau dua ib lab degrees ib ob. Hauv ib lub voj voog thev naus laus zis, koj tuaj yeem nce txog 10 kilometers ntawm microwire nrog qhov hnyav tag nrho tsuas yog 10 grams! Los ntawm txoj kev, qhov ntsuas kub ua haujlwm tau dhau los ntawm -60 txog +60 degrees Celsius. Ntawd yog, MRPK-1L tuaj yeem pib siv tiv thaiv keeb kwm yav dhau los daus, tsuas yog muaj teeb meem nrog xim. Siv cov thev naus laus zis no, Central Design Bureau of Republic of Moldova kuj tseem tsim cov khaub ncaws rau tus neeg teb xov tooj ntawm cov xov tooj cua-tswj cov khoom tawg, uas txo qis qib hluav taws xob hluav taws xob poob rau nws txog 1000 zaug.
Dab tsi yog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov tseeb cov khoom siv camouflage los ntawm tag nrho cov saum toj no? Ua ntej tshaj plaws, tau kawg, xim. Xyoo 2019, Central Design Bureau of Republic of Moldova, ua ke nrog YarLi lub tuam txhab, tsim cov xim dawb uas npog qhov khoom ntawm qhov muag ntawm 400-1100 nm. Tshwj xeeb, thaum txhim kho cov xim, qhov teeb meem nyuaj ntawm nws cov nplaum rau iav fiber ntau tau daws. Ib qho ntxiv, cov txheej txheej ntawm cov khoom siv tau nce ntxiv los ua qhov tshwj xeeb xav tau kos npe ntawm daim npog daus. Cov xov tooj cua-nqus cov kab no tuaj yeem siv ob qho los tiv thaiv cov khoom nyob ruaj ruaj thiab kom zais cov cuab yeej siv txawb. Hauv qhov centimeter thiab millimeter ntau, qhov sib piv ntawm lub xov tooj cua yoj los ntawm cov khoom yog 0.5%, thiab ntawm lub nthwv dej ntawm 30 cm - 2%. Ib qho ntxiv, camouflage xov tooj cua-nqus tag nrho ua los ntawm cov khaub ncaws hnav "Nitenol" rau yav tom ntej los daus twb tau tsim lawm (tab sis tseem tsis tau lees txais los ntawm Ministry of Defense ntawm Lavxias Federation). Cov no yog cov khaub ncaws dawb-daus rau cov snipers, cov neeg saib xyuas thiab cov neeg tiv thaiv ciam teb nrog kev ua haujlwm ntau ntawm cov xov tooj cua nqus los ntawm 0.8 txog 4 cm.
Lawm, Central Design Bureau of Republic of Moldova tsis tuaj yeem ua kom tiav nrog kev xaj tub rog, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog txij li lub tuam txhab cov khoom lag luam tshwj xeeb heev. Yog li ntawd, cov khoom hloov pauv tau muaj feem tseem ceeb hauv daim ntawv xaj khoom. Piv txwv li, cov no yog txheej txheej rau cov chav anechoic, nrog rau cov khoom siv los tiv thaiv lub xeev thiab kev lag luam zais cia (suav nrog cov npog tshwj xeeb rau cov xov tooj). Cov txheej txheej tiv thaiv ntawm cov tsev nyob ze qhov muaj zog ntawm hluav taws xob hluav taws xob kuj tseem ceeb heev. Thaum kawg, Central Design Bureau of Republic of Moldova tau tsim lub kaum ntse ntse tsom iav, ib yam khoom "tiv thaiv lub ntsej muag" cov khoom lag luam uas cuam tshuam txog xov tooj cua nthwv dej hauv ib qho kev coj nruj. Nws tau siv rau hauv kev thau nkoj, cawm lub nkoj, nrog rau ntawm txoj hauv kev mus rau dav hlau. Tab sis ntawm no, ib yam nkaus, cov tub rog txoj hauv kev ua rau nws tus kheej xav - lub kaum sab xis tsom iav yog lub hom phiaj tsis tseeb zoo uas ua raws li lub npe radar ntawm cov khoom tiv thaiv.
Tsis ntev los no, txhua yam uas cuam tshuam nrog kev txhim kho hauv tsev nrog cov ntawv ua ntej "nano" tsuas yog ua rau qis qis lossis txawm tias ua rau luag nyav - qhov kev xav tau zoo heev uas tsis muaj dab tsi zoo tuaj yeem tsim nyob hauv Russia. Nws hloov tawm tias lawv tuaj yeem ua tau, thiab qhov no tsis xav tau ib qho Skolkovo lossis Rusnano. Muaj cov pab pawg tshawb fawb txaus txaus tsim nyob rau lub sijhawm Soviet.
