Ib rab phom tshwj xeeb ob-nruab nrab, lossis ADS, yog riam phom uas ua rau koj zoo siab ntawm kev lag luam tiv thaiv Lavxias. Cov phom phom tshwj xeeb tuaj yeem siv tau zoo nyob rau hauv av thiab hauv qab dej, thiab nws twb tau ua haujlwm nrog Lavxias cov tub rog ruaj ntseg. Xyoo 2019, kev xa tawm thawj pawg ntawm cov phom loj ua phem rau cov tub rog tau pib. Cov neeg sau xov xwm Asmeskas tsis tuaj yeem hla riam phom no ib yam. Piv txwv li, ntawm lub vev xaib ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm Lub Tebchaws Txaus Siab nyob rau thaum lub Plaub Hlis 2020, ib tsab xov xwm hais txog ADF tau tshaj tawm. Cov neeg sau xov xwm Asmeskas hais lus zoo txog "phom ntev hauv qab dej" los ntawm Russia, sau tseg tias riam phom Lavxias no tsis tuaj yeem dim txawm tias nyob hauv dej.
Los ntawm kev txhim kho mus rau ntau lawm
ADS tau tsim los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij ntawm Lub Tuam Txhab Ua Kev Tsim Qauv los ntawm Tula. Tus qauv tshiab ntawm cov caj npab me tau tsim los ntawm A-91 cov caj npab me me thiab cov foob pob tawg, uas tau tsim los ntawm Tula cov kws siv phom thaum ntxov 1990s. Qhov riam phom tshiab tau tsim los hloov pauv hauv cov chav tshwj xeeb ntawm Lavxias cov tub rog (feem ntau yog Navy) rab phom tshuab tshwj xeeb rau hauv qab tua APS thiab AK-74M qub. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog sau cia tias Tula cov kws siv phom tau tswj kom ua tiav txoj haujlwm ua ntej lawv. Lawv qhov tshiab, hu ua ADS (ob-nruab nrab rab phom tshwj xeeb tshwj xeeb), hla dhau ob rab phom AK-74M thiab APS hauv qhov tseeb ntawm hluav taws (hauv av thiab hauv dej, feem).
Txoj haujlwm ntawm riam phom tshiab tau ua tiav xyoo 2007, tom qab ntawd, txog xyoo 2013, tau ua haujlwm ntau yam los txhim kho kev tsim qauv, kuaj cov qauv thiab ua kom zoo. Thawj thawj zaug, ADS phom ntev tau nthuav tawm rau pej xeem sawv daws hauv xyoo 2013 uas yog ib feem ntawm International Maritime Defense Show hauv St. Petersburg. Lub tshuab rab phom tam sim ua rau muaj kev saib xyuas pej xeem ntau ntxiv raws li qhov piv txwv tshwj xeeb ntawm caj npab me.
Lub tswv yim ntawm kev txhim kho thiab lub tswv yim dav dav ntawm ADS yog los ntawm Vasily Gryazev, tus kws tsim riam phom zoo tshaj plaws hauv tsev, yog ib tus tswv ntawm kev tsim caj npab me me hauv peb lub tebchaws. Hauv hlau, riam phom tau tso tawm tom qab tus tsim qauv tuag, thaum nws cov npoj yaig thiab cov tub ntxhais kawm uas ua haujlwm ntawm TsKIB SOO - Lub Chaw Tsim Kho Kev Tshawb Fawb Hauv Nroog Nruab Nrab ntawm Kev Ua Si thiab Tua Phom Riam, uas yog ib feem ntawm Tula Instrument Design Bureau, txuas ntxiv ua haujlwm. ntawm qhov project.
Tau ntev, rab phom tau ua kom zoo thiab tau ua haujlwm sim ncaj qha rau hauv pab tub rog. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov tub rog Lavxias tau txais thawj pawg tshiab ntawm ADF cov phom loj uas muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo sib xws tua hauv av thiab hauv dej tsuas yog thaum kawg ntawm 2019. Qhov no tau tshaj tawm los ntawm TASS nrog rau kev siv xovxwm ntawm High-Precision Complexes tuav, uas suav nrog Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ruaj Ntseg (Tula).
Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm High-Precision Complexes tuav tau hais tias kev tsim khoom ntawm ob-nruab nrab phom ntev tau ua tiav hauv Tula, thiab thawj pawg ntawm ADS twb tau xa mus rau cov neeg siv khoom raws li ib feem ntawm lub xeev kev tiv thaiv xaj. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov tshuab tau sim ua haujlwm ntau xyoo. Piv txwv li, ua ntej dhau los muaj xov xwm hais tias kev xa khoom ntawm tus kheej xa mus rau cov koom haum tub ceev xwm tau pib xyoo 2018. High-Precision Complexes tuav tau hais qhia cov neeg sau xov xwm tias vim los ntawm kev sim ua haujlwm ntawm cov tshuab tshiab, qee qhov kev hloov kho tau ua rau cov khoom lag luam, lub hom phiaj feem ntau yog txhawm rau txhim kho kev yooj yim ntawm kev siv ob lub tshuab nruab nrab.
Nws yog qhov pom tseeb tias cov neeg ua haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm lub tshuab yuav yog chav tshwj xeeb ntawm Lavxias lub dav hlau (feem ntau yog cov neeg ua luam dej sib ntaus). Tab sis rov qab rau xyoo 2017, cov neeg sawv cev ntawm TsKIB SOO tau hais tias cov neeg siv khoom tsis yog tsuas yog Lavxias Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Kev Ruaj Ntseg, tabsis tseem yog Tus Saib Xyuas Lavxias, Ministry of Internal Affairs thiab FSB, tau qhia kev txaus siab rau cov khoom los ntawm Tula. Thiab xyoo 2018, Yuri Amelin, tus sawv cev ntawm TsKIB SOO, hais rau RIA Novosti cov neeg tshaj xov xwm tias lub tuam txhab npaj rau kev pib tsim cov phom loj ntawm ADS phom loj kuj tseem tau txais kev tso cai xa tawm tus qauv tshiab ntawm caj npab me.
Cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb ntawm ADS tshuab
Qhov tshwj xeeb ob rab phom loj nruab nrab yog rab phom tsis siv neeg ntau yam nrog kev ua haujlwm siab, tso cai rau tus tua kom ntseeg tus yeeb ncuab tsis yog nyob hauv av nkaus xwb, tabsis tseem nyob hauv dej, qhov uas cov caj npab me me zoo li tsis muaj qab hau. ADS yog qhov kev txhim kho tshwj xeeb tiag tiag, uas qee zaum yog qhov raug piv rau riam phom uas tau nqis los rau peb los ntawm nplooj ntawv ntawm cov ntawv tseeb.
ADS thawj zaug muab tus neeg tua phom lub peev xwm mus rau lub hom phiaj kom ntseeg tau ob qho tib si hauv thaj av siv ntau qhov qauv ntawm rab phom tshuab rab phom ntawm 5, 45x39 mm caliber, nrog rau 40-mm grenade launcher txhaj tshuaj, thiab hauv qab dej, qhov twg lub tshuab rab phom tau siv los tua cov yeeb ncuab saboteurs thiab sib ntaus sib tua ua luam dej. Rau kev tua hauv qab dej, siv cov mos txwv tshwj xeeb uas muaj tib lub peev xwm. Txhawm rau sib ntaus hauv cov xwm txheej tsim nyog, tus tua tsuas yog xav hloov pauv lub khw. Xws li kev sib xyaw ua tiav ntawm tus qauv thiab rab phom tshwj xeeb hauv ib tus qauv yog qhov tseem ceeb heev, vim nws tso cai rau cov neeg ua luam dej sib ntaus sib tua kom yuav luag ib nrab qhov hnyav ntawm cov riam phom uas lawv nqa.
Ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm ADS tus qauv yog kev teeb tsa bullpup, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua kom riam phom ntau dua. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov txo qis ntawm qhov ntev ntawm riam phom tsis tshwm sim rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub thoob ntev thiab thaum tswj hwm cov yam ntxwv sib ntaus ntawm tus qauv. Lub tshuab tau txais lub thawv kaw, uas yuav tsum nce kev ntseeg tau ntawm ADS kev ua haujlwm hauv cov xwm txheej nyuaj. Cov khoom siv sib xyaw siv hauv kev tsim cov riam phom muaj qhov ua tau zoo ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm tus qauv, tib lub sijhawm ua rau kev txhim kho corrosion ntawm lub tshuab. Tsis tas li, lub tshuab tau nruab nrog lub dav hlau Picatinny thoob ntiaj teb, uas tso cai rau koj teeb tsa ntau yam qauv ntawm cov cuab yeej pom ntawm ADS. Ib qho ntxiv, ob rab phom loj nruab nrab tuaj yeem nruab nrog lub cuab yeej rau tua ntsiag to lossis txuas tshwj xeeb rau kev tua dawb paug.
Hauv ADF, ntau qhov kev daws teeb meem nthuav dav tau suav nrog, suav nrog cov tshiab rau cov caj npab Lavxias me me. Piv txwv li, nws nyob ntawm ob lub tshuab nruab nrab uas siv cov cartridges raug tshem tawm tsis yog ib sab, tab sis xa mus tom ntej nrog lub thawv kaw. Txoj kev daws teeb meem no ib txhij txo cov pa phem ntawm lub ntsej muag tua neeg thiab tso cai siv lub tshuab los ntawm cov neeg sab xis thiab sab laug. ADS zoo sib xws rau kev tua ntawm sab xis lossis sab xub pwg, rau qhov tus neeg tua phom tsis xav tau rov teeb tsa ib feem ntawm riam phom.
Qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm Russia ADS phom ntev yog lub foob pob hauv qab lub foob pob hluav taws sib xyaw ua ke rau hauv kev tsim riam phom, tsim los siv cov foob pob tsis muaj VOG-25 thiab lawv cov kev hloov kho. Kev daws teeb meem zoo li ua rau muaj peev xwm tua hluav taws ntawm rab phom tshuab, thiab yog li tus tua nws tus kheej, muab tus neeg tua rog nrog cov cuab yeej ntxiv rau kev daws teeb meem ntau yam haujlwm hauv tshav rog.
ADS cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb thiab siv daim cartridges
Cov phom loj ADS muaj ob hom kev tua loj: txhaj ib zaug thiab tua hluav taws tsis siv neeg. Tus nqi hluav taws kub nce mus txog 700 puag ncig ib feeb (thaum tua hauv av). Rau kev tua los ntawm rab phom ADS, rab phom me me rau AK phom loj ntawm rab phom 5, 45x39 mm tuaj yeem siv tau, nrog rau cov mos txwv tshwj xeeb rau tua hauv dej: 5, 45x39 PSP thiab PSP-UD. Lub peev xwm ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm - 30 puag ncig. Tsis tas li, ua ke nrog riam phom, 40-mm VOG-25 foob pob foob pob thiab lawv cov kev hloov pauv ntau yam tuaj yeem siv tau. Lub hom phiaj ntawm ADS ntawm thaj av yog mus txog 600 meters, los ntawm lub foob pob foob pob - 400 meters. Hauv qab dej, lub hom phiaj tuaj yeem tso siab tau ntawm qhov nrug deb txog 25 metres ntawm qhov tob ntawm tsib meters, nrog rau qhov tob zuj zus tus nqi no txo qis.
Qhov hnyav ntawm riam phom yog 4, 82 kg yam tsis pom, tus nqi no tau muab rau ntawm lub vev xaib ntawm kev tuav "Cov cuab yeej ua kom raug siab". Hauv qhov no, ADS muaj cov duab hauv qab no: qhov ntev ntawm lub tshuab tshwj xeeb yog 685 hli, qhov dav yog 60 hli, thiab qhov siab yog 302 hli. Qhov ntev ntawm rab phom tshuab - 418 mm. Raws li qhov ntsuas no, riam phom tsis zoo li rab phom AK-74M, rab phom ntev uas yog 415 hli. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ADS muaj kev cog lus ntau dua vim yog kev teeb tsa bullpup (rau kev sib piv: qhov ntev ntawm AK-74M nrog lub pob tw txuas yog 940 hli).
Ntawm thaj av, nrog rau riam phom, cov phom sij tsis tu ncua rau rab phom AK-74M ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm 5, 45x39 mm (7N6, 7N10, 7N22) tuaj yeem siv tau, tab sis rau kev tua phom hauv qab dej, cov tsim qauv TsKIB SOO tsim cov mos txwv tshwj xeeb ntawm zoo tib yam. Lub hauv paus tseem ceeb yog PSP daim cartridge, uas yog tsim los kov yeej cov yeeb ncuab ua luam dej thaum tua los ntawm ADS hauv qhov chaw poob dej. Ntxiv rau nws, kuj tseem muaj daim cartridge rau kev qhia siv kev sib ntaus - PSP -UD. Qhov tom kawg sib txawv hauv qhov nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem siv los daws cov phiaj xwm sib ntaus, txawm hais tias muaj kev txwv nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov hom phiaj hauv dej.
Ob daim cartridges tau teeb tsa nrog cov txheej txheem steel ntawm lub tshuab tsis siv neeg 5, 45 mm, tab sis tau txais lwm yam mos txwv thiab txhim kho rab phom. Lub mos txwv nws tus kheej rau daim cartridge nyob yog ua los ntawm tungsten, rau kev qhia siv lub thawv - ntawm tooj dag. Sab nraud, nws yog lub mos txwv ntev ntev ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm txoj kab uas hla, muaj lub khob hliav qab txiav saum (cavitator) thiab hauv qab conical. Cov duab ntawm cov mos txwv no tsim kom muaj kab noj hniav kom txo tau cov dej tsis kam. Qhov no tseem ceeb heev, txij li cov mos txwv ib txwm tsis tuaj yeem npog qhov deb ntawm peb metres hauv qab dej.
