Hauv lub caij nyoog ntawm lush lace, brocade caftans
Ib tus neeg xav tau los qhia txhua qhov kev coj ua:
Yooj yim hnyav hlau overshadowed khoom kim heev, ci
"Dark-skinned Liza" yog peb li, peb lub pob tawb yog "Brown Bess".
Nws tus menyuam kawm ntawv ntsia ncaj rau cov txiv neej lub qhov muag, Cov nplawm hneev lawv cov wigs ua ntej tus poj niam no, Thiab lo lus ntawm nws daim di ncauj flint tau hnyav, Kohl lub tsev pheeb suab ntoo oak swarthy yuav puag tus tub rog-phooj ywg!
Rudyard Kipling: 5 Lab tus kiv cua tos koj rau Webtalk! Swarthy Lisa. Txhais los ntawm Max Iron
Riam phom xyoo 1812. Pom zoo, tsis yog txhua yam riam phom tsim nyog muaj lub npe menyuam yaus, tsis yog txhua tus. Ntxiv mus, lub npe menyuam yaus tsis yog los ntawm lub npe ntawm nws tus tsim, tab sis los ntawm qee yam ntawm nws tus yam ntxwv. Thiab ntau ntxiv, tsis yog txhua yam riam phom uas muaj lub npe menyuam yaus tau nrov npe "Brown Bess" (Lus Askiv Brown Bess - "Brown Bess", "Dark Bess", lossis "Swarthy Lisa"), British flintlock ntawm 1722 qauv Zoo, tej zaum peb "Kalashnikov", tab sis nws tseem muaj npe tom qab nws tus tsim, txawm hais tias, tau kawg, nws tseem yuav tau qhuas mus ib txhis. Tab sis txawm tias nws tsis piv nrog cov flintlock no hauv cov naj npawb ntawm cov kev tsov kev rog ntawm peb ntiaj chaw uas nws koom nrog. Nws kuj tau koom nrog kev ua rog nrog Napoleon. Txawm hais tias nws lub npe tsis muaj txiaj ntsig zoo: "Tus Qauv Txawv Tebchaws", uas yog lus Lavxias thaum lub sijhawm ntawd yog qhov sib piv ncaj qha ntawm lo lus phom lossis fuzei. Thiab txij li tam sim no peb tab tom tham txog riam phom ntawm 1812, nws yuav yooj yim ua txhaum tsis qhia txog rab phom zoo no!
Cia peb pib tshwj xeeb rau cov neeg paub zoo uas paub zoo dua kuv ob lub peev xwm ntawm riam phom no thiab … npe Askiv. Ntawd yog, nrog cov lus teb rau lo lus nug: vim li cas Bess - Liza? Yog, yooj yim vim tias Bess yog ob lub npe menyuam yaus thiab poj niam lub npe, cov ntawv luv ntawm Elizabeth lub npe. Thiab Elizabeth yog peb Lisa!
Brown Bess tau yog tus qauv riam phom ntawm cov tub rog Askiv tau ntev heev. Txais yuav xyoo 1722, rab phom tau siv mus txog thaum Tsov Rog Crimean nws tus kheej, thaum nws tau hloov pauv los ntawm rab phom Enfield.
Dhau li ntawm Tebchaws Askiv, Brown Bess tau siv hauv txhua lub tebchaws Askiv. Thaum lub sijhawm Asmeskas Tsov Rog Tsov Rog, cov neeg ncaj ncees tau tua nws ntawm Continentalists, thiab thawj rab phom Asmeskas tau ua hauv nws daim duab. Txawm tias thaum Tsov Rog Tsov Rog, "Brown Bess" tau siv los ntawm cov neeg nyob sab qab teb, vim tias lawv tsis muaj riam phom ntau dua. Hauv New Zealand, Brown Bess shotgun yog keeb kwm phom sij uas muaj npe tom qab cov ntshav "musket wars" nrog Maori ntawm thawj ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19.
Tom qab kev ua tsov rog Lavxias-Swedish xyoo 1808-1809. Cov neeg Askiv tau muab "Brown Bess" rau cov neeg Swedes ua pab tub rog. Hauv ib lo lus, qhov chaw uas lawv tua los ntawm 1722 txog 1854, Tsaus Liza tej zaum kuj tseem raug rho tawm ntawd. Los ntawm txoj kev, "carbine ntev", uas tau ua tub rog nrog nto moo Nathaniel Bumpo, Fenimore Cooper's Tawv Tsho, kuj tseem, feem ntau yuav, rab phom no, uas thaum xub thawj muaj lub thoob 120 cm ntev nrog tag nrho ntev ntawm 160 cm! Zoo, Zulus tau tua cov neeg Askiv nrog cov phom no rov qab rau xyoo 1879!
Txij li qhov nrov ntawm riam phom no yog qhov tsis tuaj yeem lees paub, ntau tus kws tshawb fawb tau sim ua rau hauv qab ntawm keeb kwm ntawm lub npe no. Nws yog qhov tseeb tias rab phom no tsis muaj npe tom qab Poj huab tais Elizabeth. Nws tuag ntev ua ntej nws pom. Nws tau pom tseeb tias los ntawm 1780 nws twb tau paub dav. Thiab hauv phau ntawv txhais lus Askiv ntawm Vulgar Tongue hauv 1785 cov ntawv hauv qab no tau sau: "Los puag Swarthy Bess" - nqa phom, ua tub rog ".
Muaj qhov kev xav tias los ntawm George I, uas yog neeg German keeb kwm, lub npe menyuam yaus no tau los ua lus Askiv - los ntawm lus German, qhov twg lo lus Buss nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd txhais tau tias yog phom (arquebus, blunderboos), thiab tom qab ntawd Buss tau hloov mus rau Bess. Raws li lwm qhov hloov pauv, "Tsaus Bess" yog "phooj ywg" rau "Brown Bill" - tus tub ceev xwm lub esponton, qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov txwv. Lawv feem ntau muaj npe rau xim ntawm lawv cov duab, "dub" thiab "xim av", tab sis tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv tiag los txhawb qhov no.
Feem ntau, cov lus piav qhia yooj yim tshaj plaws yog xim ntawm cov khoom lag luam thiab pob tw ntawm rab phom no, uas tau ua los ntawm ntoo ntoo, ua tiav nrog cov xim daj ua kom ruaj khov.
Zoo, rab phom no zoo li no: thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 18th, cov ntsiab lus xws li "qauv" thiab "qauv" tau tshwm sim, thaum kawg nws tau mus txog rau tib neeg tias kev sib koom ua ke ntawm riam phom yog kev lag luam muaj txiaj ntsig. Yog li tam sim no cov qauv no lossis rab phom ntawd tau pib ua hauv lub rooj cob qhia tshwj xeeb, tom qab uas cov qauv "tswj" tau xa mus rau cov arsenals, qhov uas lawv tau siv los ua lawv cov ntawv theej hauv ntau. Thiab nws yog Askiv uas tau mus ua ntej raws txoj kev no, qhov twg tsuas yog thaum lub sijhawm ntawd kev hloov pauv kev lag luam pib! Thiab nws tau tshwm sim tias nws yog "Brown Bess" xyoo 1722 uas tau dhau los ua thawj tus qauv phom uas tau siv los ntawm pab tub rog Askiv los hloov txhua yam ntxiv.
Txawm li cas los xij, muaj ob peb tus qauv ntawm rab phom no. Tus qauv "ntev" yog 62.5 ntiv tes (159 cm) ntev nrog lub thoob ntev ntawm 46 ntiv tes (117 cm) thiab hnyav 10.4 phaus (4.7 kg). Ntawd yog, rab phom no tsis yooj yim, tsis yooj yim kiag li!
Tab sis qhov ntsuas ntawm txhua tus qauv nws zoo ib yam thiab loj heev rau nws lub sijhawm: 0.75 ntiv tes (19.050 mm), nrog lub mos txwv caliber 0.71 ntiv tes (18.034 mm). Xws li qhov sib txawv, ua ntej, ua kom yooj yim thauj khoom, thiab qhov thib ob, nws tau pab txo qhov siab ntawm lub thoob vim kev siv cov hmoov dub, uas tau muab cov pa luam yeeb ntau thiab soot. Cov mos txwv ntawm 0, 735 caliber (18, 7 mm) tau siv los ntawm cov neeg yos hav zoov, vim lawv feem ntau tsis tau tua.
Txhua qhov tseem ceeb ntawm rab phom, xws li lub thoob, flintlock thiab tig, tau ua los ntawm cov hlau; tag nrho lwm cov khoom siv tau xub ua los ntawm cov hlau, tab sis tom qab xyoo 1736 lawv twb tau ua los ntawm cov yas. Lub ramrod yog ntoo thaum ub, zoo li txhua tus neeg, tab sis tom qab ntawd Askiv yog thawj tus los hloov nws nrog hlau. Los ntawm txoj kev, lawv tsis tau qhia cov ramrod hlau, tsis yog vim kev khwv nyiaj txiag, tab sis vim ntshai tsam muaj txim taws thiab nyem ntawm rab phom hauv rab phom thaum thauj khoom. Tab sis kev sim tau pom tias hlau ramrods muaj kev nyab xeeb hauv qhov kev nkag siab no.
Tus xov tooj cua yog daim duab peb sab thiab ntev 17 ntiv tes (43 cm). Nws tau nrawm dua tsis pom qhov twg yooj yim dua: lub raj tau muab tso rau hauv lub thoob, thiab lub qhov rau nws mus tom qab lub qhov me me protrusion-retainer.
Nws yog qhov txaus siab kom txog thaum xyoo 1811 tseem tsis tau ya mus rau Bess, thiab qhov ntawd tsis yog. Hloov chaw, koj tuaj yeem tsom thaum saib ntawm lub qhov rooj xauv!
Cov phom ntev tau sim hnyav heev: lawv ntaus lawv nrog cov taub hauv pem teb, poob lawv los ntawm qhov siab ntawm ib mev (0.9 m) mus rau pob zeb, raug rho tawm nrog ob qho tib si thiab cov nqi ntxiv. Hauv ntej, lawv tau tshuaj xyuas lawv lub siab, uas thaum kawg muab cov tub rog Askiv ua piv txwv zoo ntawm rab phom flintlock. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev pabcuam lub neej rau Bess tau pib teeb tsa ntawm 10 xyoo.
Raws li qhov ntsuas ntsuas raws li qhov hluav taws kub, nws tau paub tias cov neeg nrhiav neeg ua haujlwm tshiab tuaj yeem tua ob zaug txhaj tshuaj ib feeb, tab sis ib tus tub rog paub dhau los yuav luag ob zaug nrawm dua. Qhov no kuj tau pab los ntawm cov txheej txheem nthuav uas siv los ntawm cov tub rog Askiv: rab phom tau raug xub xub nkag mus rau hauv lub thoob, thiab tom qab ntawd muab ntsia rau ntawm tus nqi, tab sis tsis nrog ramrod, tab sis nrog lub zog ntawm rab phom taub hauv av. Cov txheej txheem no ua rau nws ua tau yam tsis tau siv lub ramrod, thiab, raws li, ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig ntau ntxiv ntawm qhov hluav taws kub.
Cov tub rog Askiv nyob deb yuav tsum tau kawm txog kev tua yog 300-400 yards.
Lawv tua ntawm lub hom phiaj ntsuas 100 los ntawm 6 ko taw, uas ua raws li txoj kab menyuam yaus. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, feem pua ntawm kev sib tw tau sib npaug: 47% ntawm qhov deb ntawm 100 qib, 58% ntawm 200, 37% ntawm 300 thiab 27% - 400. Ntawd yog, cov tub rog nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd tau txais tsuas yog (peb hais txog qhov no) tsawg kawg kev kawm tua phom. Thiab nws yog qhov tseeb tias kev qhia kom ntxaws ntau ntxiv ua rau cov neeg ntaus ntau zaus. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua, haus luam yeeb muaj zog thiab teeb meem nyuaj siab tseem tiv thaiv kev tua raug.
Kev nce qib ntawm Brown Bess yog tias dhau sijhawm lub phom no tau txais ntau dua thiab yooj yim dua, thiab nws lub thoob tau luv dua. Yog li, thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 1760s nws tau pom meej tias lub thoob me me tsis cuam tshuam qhov tseeb txhua qhov, thiab txawm tias ua piv txwv: cov phom "luv" tua ntau dua vim qhov sib npaug zoo dua.
Qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov kev soj ntsuam no yog nyob rau xyoo 1790, Lub Tuam Txhab British East India tau xaj rau nws tus kheej xav tau cov riam phom luv luv, uas feem ntau pheej yig dua li cov tub rog. Thiab lawv ua haujlwm tau zoo uas tom qab ntawd lawv tau ua tus qauv rau tag nrho cov tub rog Askiv.
Xyoo 1839, "Brown Bess" tau tshwm sim nyob hauv qab lub tsiav tshuaj xauv, tab sis vim yog qhov hluav taws kub uas tau tshwm sim hauv lub tsev txhab nyiaj, lawv tau poob qis thiab tau txais lub npe "Qauv 1842". Nws yog lawv uas tau ua haujlwm hauv pab tub rog Askiv txog thaum Tsov Rog Crimean nws tus kheej, thiab tsuas yog tom qab ntawd rau leej twg tsuas yog cov neeg Askiv tsis tau muab rau lawv.
Nws yog qhov txaus siab tias daim ntawv theej ntawm "Swarthy Lisa" tau tsim hnub no los ntawm Italian caj npab Hoobkas ntawm David Pedersoli. Ib daim ntawv ntawm lawv dais tus kos npe rau ntawm rab phom William Grace (thiab hnub tim: 1762), ntxiv rau muaj koob muaj npe monogram nrog cov yas thiab cov ntawv GR (George tus huab tais). Cov nplaim du yog ua los ntawm cov hlau satin-brushed thiab cov khoom lag luam yog ua los ntawm cov roj txhuam ntoo walnut. Koj tuaj yeem xaj, yuav thiab … tua! Nws zoo li tam sim no txoj cai tso cai rau nws …
Zoo, kom ua tiav zaj dab neeg txog "Darkie Lisa" yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws, dua, nrog Kipling cov paj huam, koj tsuas yog tsis tuaj yeem hais tau zoo dua nws txog nws lub luag haujlwm hauv keeb kwm:
Ib tug tub rog hnav khaub ncaws liab nyob txhua qhov chaw nrog nws, Quebec, Cape Town, Acre pom ib tus phooj ywg
Hauv Madrid, Gibraltar, suab puam thiab roob
"Lisa-tawv nqaij Lisa" tau paub hauv kev sib tw thiab kev tawm tsam, Qhov twg zoo -tsom tua tawg - muaj txoj hauv kev qhib rau tus neeg tua rog, Ib nrab ntawm lub ntiaj teb tseem hais lus Askiv, Txhua yam uas yog neeg Askiv thiab hais tias tsuav yog muaj -
Qhov zoo ntawm "Swarthy Lisa", tus poj niam laus "Brown Bess"!
