Rab phom TT yog ib lub cim ntawm caj npab me hauv tsev. Tej zaum nws yog vim li no uas kev sib cav txog yuav ua li cas Fyodor Vasilyevich Tokarev tau qiv cov tswv yim ntawm lwm tus tsim qauv thaum nws txoj kev txhim kho yog qhov kev txhawj xeeb rau pej xeem niaj hnub no. Tsis suav nrog ntau npaum li cas rab phom TT tau los ntawm Browning rab yaj phom qauv, tus qauv ntawm caj npab me no ua tiav nkag mus rau keeb kwm Lavxias, dhau los ua thawj pab tub rog nyob rau ntawm tus kheej rab phom phom hauv USSR. Lub rab yaj phom tau muab tso rau hauv kev pabcuam xyoo 1930 thiab tau tsim tawm ntau txog xyoo 1953, tag nrho cov ntim ntau lawm yog 1 lab 740 txhiab daim.
Yam yuavtsum tau kawm uantej los tsim lub rab phom TT
Txog lub sijhawm ntawm kev sib tsoo ntawm Lavxias Lub Tebchaws thiab qhov tshwm sim ntawm Soviet Union, lub tebchaws tau txais cov khoom tawg tawg ntawm cov phom me me, uas sawv cev los ntawm rab yaj phom thiab rab phom los ntawm ntau lub tebchaws hauv ntiaj teb. Lub Nagant rab phom tseem yog tus qauv thiab cov tub rog loj tshaj plaws ua riam phom luv. Nws tau pom tseeb tias riam phom no twb dhau los lawm. Lawv xav hloov pauv rab phom rau tus kheej nqa rab phom txawm tias ua ntej kev tawm tsam Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum 1, tab sis cov phiaj xwm no yeej tsis tau ua tiav. Kev ua tsov rog, kev hloov pauv uas tau ua raws nws, thiab tom qab ntawd kev ua tsov rog hauv tebchaws Russia tau ncua sijhawm ncua sijhawm rau kev tsim cov tub rog hauv tsev nws tus kheej nqa rab phom.
Cov phom me, uas tau poob qis hauv keeb kwm ntawm caj npab me me hauv qab lub npe luv TT (Tula Tokarev), tau tsim los rau kev sib tw tshaj tawm xyoo 1929. Kev sib tw rau cov tub rog rab phom tshiab tsuas yog xav kom hloov pauv rau rab phom nrov "Nagant", nrog rau ntau tus qauv ntawm tus kheej nqa rab phom ntawm tus qauv txawv teb chaws, uas txuas ntxiv ua haujlwm nrog pab tub rog liab los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm 1920s.
Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias hauv tebchaws Russia thiab hauv USSR, cov khoom lag luam ntawm tus tsim qauv John Browning muaj ntau tus neeg paub zoo. Nyob rau ib zaug, tsoomfwv tsarist xyoo 1916 tau tshaj tawm hauv Tebchaws Meskas kom muab 100 txhiab Colt M1911 rab yaj phom thiab 5 lab daim cartridges rau lawv. Txog Lub Ib Hlis 1917, lub tebchaws tau txais tsawg kawg 47,000 ntawm cov phom no. Txawm hais tias dhau los, lwm qhov Browning rab yaj phom Browning M1903, uas tau yuav rau tub ceev xwm thiab Pab Pawg Sib cais ntawm Gendarmes, tau txais kev faib tawm hauv tebchaws Russia. Ntxiv rau lawv, tus kheej thauj khoom German Mauser C96 rab yaj phom, uas yog qhov tsis tseem ceeb ntawm ntau yam yeeb yaj kiab hais txog kev ua tsov rog hauv tebchaws Russia, kuj tau siv dav hauv USSR.
Cov phom me me, uas tau txais lub npe laconic TT, tau tsim los ntawm Fyodor Tokarev hauv chav tsim qauv ntawm Tula Caj Npab cog. Lub hauv paus loj rau rab yaj phom tshiab yog rab phom German Mauser 7, 63x25 mm. Cov mos txwv no tau yuav hauv qhov loj haum, cov cartridges tau siv nrog rab yaj phom Mauser C96. Hauv USSR, ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm daim ntawv no, lawv tau tsim lawv tus kheej cov mos txwv 7, 62x25 mm, uas yog sib pauv nrog Mauser cartridge. Xyoo 1930, tom qab tau txais lub tshuab rab phom TT, Soviet Union tau txais daim ntawv tso cai los ntawm cov neeg German rau kev tsim khoom ntawm daim cartridge no. Tib daim cartridge tau npaj yuav siv nrog txhua rab phom xa hauv lub tebchaws. Thaum xaiv daim cartridge, ib txwm muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab kev khwv nyiaj txiag yeej, uas tau ua tiav los ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ib rab phom loj rau rab phom, rab phom submachine thiab rab phom. Tshwj xeeb, rau kev tsim cov thooj av, nws muaj peev xwm siv tib lub tshuab cov cuab yeej thiab cov cuab yeej thiab cov cuab yeej siv.
Dab tsi yog rab phom TT muaj zoo ib yam nrog Browning rab phom
Cov txheej txheem, thiab sab nrauv, TT zoo li ob peb rab phom John Browning ib zaug, thiab tsis muaj dab tsi txawv txawv txog qhov ntawd. Los ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd, Browning tau tsim ib qho ntawm cov phom nrov nrov tshaj plaws hauv lub tebchaws, thiab hauv USSR, rab phom ntawm nws lub kaw lus tau siv thiab muaj nyob hauv kev lag luam ntau. Nws yog qhov ruam kom tsis quav ntsej tus qauv ua tiav, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau qhov xwm txheej uas Soviet Union thiab nws txoj kev lag luam nyob rau xyoo 1920s lig thiab thaum xyoo 1930s.
Tsim nyob rau hauv Tula, thawj pab tub rog nyob rau hauv lub tebchaws nws tus kheej nqa rab phom TT, uas tau lees paub ua raws li qhov kev xaiv "7, 62-mm self-loading pistol mod. 1930 ", ua tiav ua ke tsim thiab teeb tsa ntawm Browning M1903 rab yaj phom, Browning chim kaw lub phiaj xwm siv hauv Colt M1911, thiab German Mauser 7 cartridge, 63x25 mm. Qee tus kws tshaj lij hauv tebchaws nthuav tawm lub tswv yim tias thawj tus tsim qauv txawm tias muaj lub luag haujlwm theej hloov pauv John Browning rab yaj phom nrog lub tshuab ua kom tshem tawm tau. Muaj tseeb, twb tau ua tiav txoj haujlwm, lawv tsis kam ua kom tiav thiab dig muag qhov muag rab yaj phom vim tias tsis muaj qhov tsim nyog thev naus laus zis hauv cov tub ntxhais hluas Soviet koom pheej rau kev tsim khoom ntawm cov qauv no. Cov neeg tsim qauv tau ntsib nrog txoj haujlwm ntawm kev txo tus nqi ntawm kev tsim rab yaj phom thiab ua kom yooj yim tsim qauv ntau li ntau tau. Fedor Vasilyevich tau ua tiav txoj haujlwm no.
Cov qauv, Tula Tokarev zoo ib yam li Colt M1911 tus kheej nqa rab phom, tsim los ntawm John Moses Browning xyoo 1908. Hauv ob qho tib si TT thiab M1911, lub tshuab ua haujlwm tau ua haujlwm vim yog thim rov qab nrog cov hlab ntsha luv luv. Browning qhov ntsuas phoo kaw nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd tau suav hais tias yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws thiab haum rau siv hauv txhua tus qauv ntawm cov riam phom me me. Xauv thiab xauv lub thoob ntawm TT rab yaj phom tshwm sim los ntawm kev txo qis thiab tsa lub breech, uas ua viav vias ntawm pob ntseg tshwj xeeb. Ntawm lub pob tw ntawm Tula Tokarev, tau ua ob daim ntawv sib dhos, uas sib xyaw nrog sab hauv ntawm lub qhov rooj kaw. Qhov kaw-casing ntawm tus kheej nqa rab phom nws tus kheej tau muab nrog sab hauv zawj, uas lub qhov rooj swb raws cov lus qhia ntawm tus ncej. Lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav rov qab tau teeb tsa hauv qab ntawm rab phom ntawm rab phom TT, cov lus qhia tau muab tso rau hauv nws qhov kawg. Cov ntawv xov xwm ntawm rab phom, tsim rau 8 puag ncig 7, 62x25 mm, tau tuav hauv tus ncej ntawm tus tuav los ntawm lub laub khawm khawm. Nov yog qhov uas zoo sib xws rau Colt M1911 kawg. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tag nrho cov npe teev tau raug hloov kho kom yooj yim tsim khoom ntau li ntau tau.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov tseeb tsim qauv daws teeb meem tau ua tiav hauv rab phom TT, txhawm rau ua kom yooj yim tshaj plaws ntawm kev tuav rab phom. Cov kev daws teeb meem no suav nrog kev sib xyaw ntawm lub tshuab tua hluav taws (USM) hauv ib qho kev cais cais-thaiv. Thaum disassembling rab yaj phom, chav tsev no tau sib cais dawb los ntawm tus ncej, tom qab uas nws tuaj yeem yooj yim lubricated thiab ntxuav. Tso lub hauv paus tseem ceeb tso rau hauv Tokarev txhawm rau txo qhov dav dav ntawm tus tuav. Kev tuav lub puab tsaig nrawm nrog cov kab rov tav tsau rau lawv kom yooj yim dua cov txheej txheem ntawm kev sib dhos riam phom. Tsis tas li, qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm TT, uas ua kom yooj yim rab yaj phom, yog qhov tsis muaj lub tshuab kev nyab xeeb, ua haujlwm uas tau ua los ntawm kev nyab xeeb ntawm lub tswb.
Tus kws tsim khoom hauv tebchaws Soviet kuj tau suav txog qhov tsis paub zoo ntawm rab phom Colt: nws yog hais txog qhov tshwm sim qeeb ntawm kev tua thaum lub sab saud ntawm lub khw puas. Lub xub ntiag ntawm cov lus qhia rau kev pub mis rau hauv daim cartridge hauv rab phom TT hauv USM thaiv tau ua rau lub zog siv hluav taws xob ntawm tus kheej nqa rab phom los ntawm Tula tsis nkag siab zoo rau qhov zoo li ntawm khoov lossis dents ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm.
Muaj tseeb, tsis yog txhua qhov yooj yim mus rau Tokarev rab yaj phom. Hauv TT, lub ntsuas hluav taws xob tau ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub fuse, uas tuaj yeem tso rau ntawm "pawg tub rog nyab xeeb". Raws li xeeb los ntawm tus tsim qauv, qhov no yog kom tsis suav nrog qhov ua tau ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj thaum rab yaj phom poob lossis raug ntaus. Hauv kev xyaum, txawm li cas los xij, qhov no yog qhov mob hnyav hauv rab yaj phom. Muab lub ntsuas tso rau ntawm kev nyab xeeb ib nrab-cocking coj mus rau qhov nruj dhau ntawm lub hauv paus loj, uas yog qhov laj thawj rau nws hnav sai. Thaum lub sijhawm tseem ceeb, qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau hluav taws tsis raug. Qhov hnav ntawm qhov ua rau feem ntau yog qhov laj thawj rau kev raug mob. Raws li cov tub rog thiab NKVD cov tub rog tau ntim nrog rab phom tshiab, cov xwm txheej tau nce zuj zus, uas ua rau muaj kev tshaj tawm tshwj xeeb uas txwv tsis pub nqa TT tus kheej nqa phom nrog lub cartridge hauv chav.
Qhov zoo sib xws sab nraud ntawm TT nrog cov peev txheej qauv ntawm Browning rab phom yog qhov muaj zog heev. Rab yaj phom Tula tau siv tsis muaj qhov seem uas nthuav tawm, tshwj tsis yog ncua kev swb. Qhov yooj yim zoo ntawm tus kov nrog ebony overlays kuj zoo li 1903 Browning. Qhov yooj yim ntawm Soviet tus kheej thauj khoom rab phom tau pom tseeb qhov zoo. Tus qauv tau dhau los ua kev cog lus me me thiab hnyav rau lub zog me me. Qhov tseem ceeb dua, rab yaj phom tau nqaim, tso cai rau nws siv rau kev nqa nqa. Rab phom TT tuaj yeem muab zais tom qab siv txoj hlua lossis txawm nyob hauv lub tes tsho. Qhov ntev ntawm Tula Tokarev yog 195 mm, chim ntev - 116 mm, qhov siab - 120 mm, dav - 28 mm. Qhov hnyav ntawm rab yaj phom yam tsis muaj rab yaj phom tsuas yog 825 grams, nrog rab phom - 910 grams.
Tsis txhob hnov qab lo lus nug
Lub rab yaj phom TT tseem yog ib lub cim ntawm peb kev lag luam caj npab me, uas yog vim muaj cov txuj ci zoo thiab yam ntxwv ntawm tus qauv no. Thaum tsim qhov rab phom no tus kheej nqa, Tokarev tsis xav txog qhov tseeb tias, tom qab yuav luag 100 xyoo, ib tus neeg yuav tham tiag, zaum ntawm lub rooj zaum, zoo li rab yaj phom los ntawm Tula yog rau Browning rab yaj phom. Nws txoj haujlwm yog hloov kho kev coj ua hauv ntiaj teb zoo tshaj plaws rau Soviet qhov tseeb, nthuav qhia lub tebchaws nrog riam phom yooj yim, txhim khu kev qha thiab pheej yig nrog tus yam ntxwv zoo. Tus kws tsim qauv tau ua tiav txoj haujlwm no. Los ntawm txoj kev, hauv tsarist Russia, lawv tsis tuaj yeem tso lawv tus kheej rab phom mus rau hauv kev tsim khoom loj, thiab hauv USSR, txawm hais tias txhua qhov nyuaj, cov riam phom tshiab tau tawm mus rau cov tub rog.
Feem ntau, rau kev lag luam Soviet thaum ntxov xyoo 1930s, tsis muaj ib yam txaj muag hauv kev theej thiab luam tawm ntau ntxiv tom qab ntawm nws tus kheej qhov sib piv ntawm cov qauv txawv teb chaws zoo tshaj plaws ntawm riam phom, khoom siv, tshuab. Qhov no tau siv rau txhua yam los ntawm tso tsheb hlau luam mus rau tsheb thiab los ntawm lub tshuab dav hlau mus rau roj teeb. Tsim nws txoj kev lag luam los ntawm kos, Soviet Union ntawm thawj theem tuaj yeem cia siab tsuas yog txoj hauv kev ntawm txoj kev loj hlob no.
Qhov no tsis yog qhov cuam tshuam tsawg kawg los ntawm qhov zoo ntawm peb tus kws tsim riam phom zoo tshaj Fyodor Vasilyevich Tokarev, uas tau tsim thawj pab tub rog hauv tsev nws tus kheej nqa rab phom, uas tau pib ua tiav rau hauv kev tsim khoom loj. Tokarev ua pov thawj nws qhov kev tsim qauv zoo nrog ntau qhov haujlwm, piv txwv li, nto moo SVT tus kheej nqa phom, uas thaum pib ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ob tsis muaj qhov sib thooj li. Kev ntes SVT-40s tau zoo siab los ntawm ob tus tub rog German thiab Finnish. Hauv tebchaws Ntsaws Mes Nis, cov phom tau raug lees paub, thiab cov kws tsim qauv German tau qiv qhov ua tiav SVT-40 lub tshuab tso pa tawm rau lawv Gewehr 43 nws tus kheej nqa phom, tau tsim thaum lub Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog Zaum Ob.
