Keeb kwm ntawm phom. Peb feem ntau xav tias kev txhim kho ntawm ib qho tshwm sim tshwm sim ua ntu zus. Thiab tib yam muaj tseeb ntawm keeb kwm ntawm phom. Thawj qhov yog muaj hneev, tom qab ntawd nws tau hloov los ntawm tus hneev taw, tom qab ntawd rab phom tuaj hloov nws. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv qhov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb, qhov no tsis yog txhua qhov xwm txheej.
Ob tus hneev thiab hneev taws taws ua rau cov phom mus txog qhov zoo tshaj yuav luag ib txhij. Lwm qhov yog qhov kev txhim kho ntawm tus hneev taw tau qeeb qeeb rau ntau qhov laj thawj, tab sis cov phom tau hloov pauv zuj zus.
Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau xyoo 1550, ob qho tib si hneev taw thiab cov neeg caij lub log rab phom tau kwv yees li sib npaug hauv lawv qhov kev ua tiav, qhov nyuaj thiab cov yam ntxwv sib ntaus. Thiab yav tom ntej, tus ntoo khaub lig txuas ntxiv tau siv rau kev yos hav zoov ntev. Thiab hnub no peb yuav qhia koj txog qhov no tau tshwm sim li cas, nrog rau txog qhov tshiab tshaj plaws thiab qib siab tshaj plaws uas tau muaj nyob ua ke nrog kev sib tw thiab lub log ntawm cov caj npab me.
Hneev taw keeb kwm
Cia peb pib nrog cov qub txeeg qub teg.
Hauv 500 BC. NS. Suav Sun Tzu hauv nws txoj haujlwm "Art of War" hais txog tus ntoo khaub lig uas muaj zog, uas yog cov hlua khawm.
Los ntawm 400 BC NS. Cov neeg Greek siv tus hneev taw - gastraphet.
Nyob rau lub sijhawm txij xyoo 206 BC. NS. rau 220 AD NS. Tus hneev taw dhau los ua riam phom ntau ntawm Han Dynasty cov tub rog thiab cov neeg yos hav zoov.
Kwv yees li AD 100 NS. nyob rau hauv Suav teb, ntau qhov kev txhaj tshuaj crossbows twb tau siv lawm. Cov neeg Loos (nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawm lub tebchaws), thiab tom qab ntawd Byzantines, paub tus hneev taw nyob rau hauv lub npe Solenarion, tab sis nws tsis tau siv dav los ntawm lawv. Txawm tias Cov Duab tau paub thiab thov nws.
Thiab xyoo 1100 nws twb tau paub thoob plaws hauv Europe. Xyoo 1139, Pope Innocent II txwv tsis pub siv rab hneev tes tawm tsam cov ntseeg.
Xyoo 1199, Richard tus Lionheart, tus yeej ntawm tus hneev taw, raug mob tuag los ntawm tus hneev taw thaum lub sij hawm raug kaw ntawm lub tsev fuabtais ntawm Shalyu hauv Aquitaine.
Qhov kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 13th, rab hneev ntev tau muab tus hneev taub rau hauv tebchaws Askiv, tab sis nyob sab Europe Europe tus hneev taw tseem nrov dua.
Thaum pib ntawm XIV xyoo pua, cov ntoo khaub lig nrog hneev hlau tau tshwm sim.
Nyob rau hauv XIV-XV centuries. Tus hneev taw hla tau dhau los ua tus qauv riam phom xaiv rau cov pej xeem Fabkis thiab Flemish tiv thaiv lawv lub nroog. Xyoo 1521-1524. crossbowmen nquag koom nrog hauv kev sib tw ntawm kev kov yeej Cortes thiab Pizarro hauv Ntiaj Teb Tshiab.
Kev lig kev cai, hneev taub hneev tau ua los ntawm ntoo. Tab sis hneev taw los ntawm lub tshuab raj ntawm lub roob ram tau paub. Thiab twb tau nyob rau xyoo pua 16th, cov hneev nrog cov hneev ua los ntawm cov hlau tau tshwm sim, nrog lub zog nce ntxiv.
Hauv lub xyoo pua 16th, rab phom pib maj mam txav mus los ntawm cov khoom siv tub rog hauv Tebchaws Europe, qhov uas lawv siv feem ntau yog tua tsiaj (feem ntau yog rau noog) thiab rau phiaj tua.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, txawm tias muaj hom phom sib xyaw tshwm sim, uas yog, tus hneev taw ua ke nrog kev sib tw lossis lub log musket. Nws yog qhov tseeb tias cov riam phom zoo li no tau xaj los ntawm tus tswv tsuas yog rau kev lom zem ntawm cov neeg siab zoo. Thiab cov kab ke no tsis muaj qhov tseem ceeb ntau. Tab sis lawv tsim cov khoom siv tes ua ntawm lawv cov chaw tsim khoom.
1894-1895 Cov neeg Suav siv ntau rab hneev tua hneev taw hauv kev ua rog nrog Nyij Pooj.
1914-1918 Cov hneev tua hneev tua hneev tua hneev nti hauv tsev tau siv rau hauv qhov nqaj ntawm Thawj Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb.
Txoj Cai
Qhov zoo siab, lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev siv hneev taw rau cov khoom lag luam txhua lub sijhawm no tseem tsis tau hloov pauv, tab sis cov txheej txheem ntawm txoj hlua hlua tau raug hloov pauv, uas tau hais meej meej nrog kev nce hauv lub zog ntawm hneev.
Yog li, tib lub gastraphet ntawm cov neeg Greek thaum ub tau raug tsoo vim qhov tseeb tias tus neeg tua phom tau so nws ntawm qee yam nyuaj thiab khoov rau nws qhov kev txhawb nqa nrog nws lub plab (yog li, los ntawm txoj kev, nws lub npe).
Cov neeg Loos kuj paub tus hneev taub, lawv hu nws tias Solenarion. Txawm li cas los xij, txoj hlua hlua tau rub los ntawm txhais tes. Yog li ntawd, nws lub zog qis. Thiab vim tias nws tau siv feem ntau rau kev yos hav zoov. Los ntawm txoj kev, hauv Ferdowsi zaj paj huam "Shah-name", tus hneev taw tau hais tias yog riam phom tshwj xeeb rau kev yos hav zoov.
Thaum xub thawj, tus ntoo khaub lig raug rub nrog txoj siv nqaj, lub winch nrog cov saw hoist system. Thiab nyob rau xyoo pua 15th, qhov hu ua "tshis txhais ceg" kuj tau tshwm sim - tus pas nrig uas tau tsau rau ntawm tus hneev taub hneev thiab rub txoj hlua hneev rov qab. Hla ntawm txoj kab ke no tau nrawm dua li cov uas tau rub nrog lub winch. Tab sis lawv tsis muaj zog.
Nyob rau xyoo pua 16th, pob tw pob tw tau nthuav tawm, tua cov hmoov txhuas (nrog rau av nplaum). Ib lub khob tau tsau rau ntawm txoj hlua rau lub mos txwv zoo li no, thiab tsis yog txiv ntoo, lawv cov cuab yeej tau nruab nrog tus pas nrig ntsug uas nkag mus rau hauv lub voj ntawm lub khob.
Tab sis nyob ib ncig ntawm 1450, qhov hu ua "Nuremberg rooj vag", kranekin lossis "spinner", tau tshwm sim, sawv cev rau cov cuab yeej tshem tawm tau rau qhov nrawm ntawm txoj hlua ntawm txoj hlua hneev hla ntawm txhua lub zog. Thiab qhov tam sim ntawd thawb cov neeg tsim khoom ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig los tsim tsis tau tsuas yog cov ntoo loj thiab muaj zog - muaj zog vim qhov hneev me me, tab sis kuj me me, tab sis nrog hneev ua los ntawm cov hlau.
Cov ntoo me me tau tshwm sim (lawv hu ua cranekin) tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov neeg caij tsheb, uas lawv tuaj yeem thauj khoom yam tsis tau tawm ntawm lub eeb. Thiab tam sim ntawd, kev sib tsoo ntawm cov neeg hla hneev tau tshwm sim hauv tshav rog, uas tsis tau muaj ua ntej, tua ntawm tus yeeb ncuab lub horsemen thiab cov tub rog nyob deb. Muaj txawm tias ib qho tshaj tawm ntawm "tus thawj coj zoo ntawm cov neeg hla", qhov tseem ceeb thib ob hauv Fab Kis tom qab cov tub rog loj.
Yog li hauv xyoo 1550, ob tus hneev taw thiab tus neeg caij lub log rab phom, ob qho tib si nyuaj thiab hauv lawv qhov kev sib ntaus zoo, tau hais txog tib qib.
Riam phom crossbows muab
Thiab, txawm li cas los xij, rab hneev tau muab los ntawm cov phom.
Charles IX, Vaj Ntxwv ntawm Fabkis 1560-1574 tsis suav tag tus hneev taw los ntawm cov cuab yeej siv tub rog, tshaj tawm tias nws, ua riam phom, tau dhau los ua tsis muaj txiaj ntsig. Thiab nws tau caw txhua tus neeg hneev taw thiab tus hneev tua hneev taw los tuav lawv tus kheej nrog arquebus.
Hneev muaj sia nyob hauv pab tub rog Askiv txog thaum 1595. Thiab nws tseem raug tso tseg.
Zoo, qhov laj thawj, kuv xav, yog qhov tseeb. Kev saib xyuas tus hneev taub hau tau nyuaj dua li kev saib xyuas rab phom lossis rab phom. Thiab cov xub tau siv ntau qhov chaw hauv cov cuab yeej tshaj li rab phom thiab cov mos txwv. Nws nyuaj dua los qhib nws, rau qhov no li cas los xij, lub zog lub cev xav tau. Whereas lub arquebus tau txaus tsuas yog nce, tsom thiab rub lub txhais. Ib qho ntxiv, tib lub "Nuremberg rooj vag" yog qhov khoom hnyav dua thiab siv cov hlau.
Thiab ib zaug ntxiv, nws yog tus hneev taw uas ua rau cov phom xav txog lub tswv yim ntawm rab phom phom, vim tias ntau tus crossbows txawm tias tom qab ntawd nws tau xub xub tua lub dav hlau. Thiab qhov kev sib hloov ntawm lawv qhov tseem ceeb nce qhov raug ntawm tsoo lub hom phiaj.
Tab sis kev tua tsiaj hneev tau tsim thiab siv sijhawm ntev heev. Thiab lawv tau dhau los ua haujlwm tiag tiag ntawm kev kos duab ntawm caj npab.
Thiab, tau kawg, raws li tau sau tseg saum toj no, xub tau xav tau rau tus ntoo khaub lig. Thiab lawv nyuaj rau tsim ntau dua li cov mos txwv yooj yim.
Ntxiv nrog rau cov ncej ntawm tib tuab thiab qhov hnyav, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los tsim cov ntsiab lus hlau, "plaub fab", raws li cov xub hu lawv. Txawm hais tias cov lus qhia tau sib txawv heev hauv kev siv, suav nrog hauv cov duab ntawm lub hli rov qab. Tag nrho cov no ua rau kev siv tus ntoo khaub lig kim dua piv rau rab phom, yam tsis tau muab txiaj ntsig ntau.
Ob tus hneev tua hneev taw thiab muskets raug tua nyob rau xyoo 1550 txog li 1-2 teev ib feeb twg.
