Cov phom loj loj uas muaj npe nrov suav nrog rab phom Hungarian Gepard M1. Nws tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 1980s thiab yog ib qho qauv ntawm rab phom sniper chambered rau lub Soviet cartridge 12, 7x108 mm. Los ntawm nws cov qauv, nws zoo li zoo li phom tiv thaiv lub tank ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, rab phom hnyav txog 19 kg thiab muaj zog thim rov qab. Nws nyuaj heev rau qhov ua piv txwv ua tiav yam tsis muaj kev txwv, tab sis nws yog rab phom Gepard M1 uas dhau los ua thawj rab phom loj uas muaj rab phom loj tsim nyob hauv cov teb chaws ntawm cov koom haum koom haum, tshwj xeeb, hauv cov tebchaws koom nrog hauv Warsaw Pact.
Hungarian loj-muaj peev xwm ("tiv thaiv cov khoom") phom ntev Gepard tau tsim nyob rau xyoo 80s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem los ntawm tus kws muaj txuj ci tub rog nto moo thiab tsim riam phom me Ferenc Foldy. Xyoo 2006, nws tau txais khoom plig Hungarian Order of Merit (Knight's Cross) rau kev pabcuam rau koom pheej ntawm Hungary, tam sim no nws yog ib tus tub rog laus laus. Cov phom nws tau tsim los ua thawj zaug hauv cov tebchaws ntawm cov neeg nyob tom hav zoov. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, hauv kev txhim kho riam phom no, Ferenc Foldy tau siv qhov rov qab los ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, thaum cov kws tsim khoom Hungarian tau ua haujlwm tsim cov phom tiv thaiv lub tank uas tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tau zoo nrog cov phooj ywg cov tsheb tiv thaiv. Nws tseem kawm txog rab phom tiv thaiv lub tebchaws Soviet, phom nrov tiv thaiv lub tank thiab phom tiv thaiv lub tank.
Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob yog qhov kev sib cav zaum kawg thaum phom tiv thaiv lub tank tau siv ntau heev. Tom qab ntawd, vim qhov nce ntawm qhov tuab ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv, uas txawm tias cov phom uas muaj zog tshaj plaws tsis tuaj yeem tiv taus, lawv dhau los ua neeg tsis muaj nuj nqis thiab tawm ntawm theem, muab txoj hauv kev rau tiv thaiv lub foob pob hluav taws foob pob. Txawm hais tias qhov no, lub tswv yim ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua maj mam ua riam phom thiab tsis muaj cuab yeej ua tub rog cov cuab yeej siv nrog kev pab los ntawm cov cuab yeej siv phom loj tau pom lub neej thib ob thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th. Xyoo 1987, Cov tub rog Hungarian xav tau riam phom txawb txaus uas yuav tso cai rau cov tub rog koom nrog lub hom phiaj tiv thaiv phom loj. Ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv cov lus qhia no tau coj mus rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm rab phom Gepard.
Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm rab phom no yog tiv thaiv cov khoom. Cov phom loj loj Gepard M1 tau tsim los kom swb thiab ua rau cov tub rog tsis muaj cuab yeej tiv thaiv thiab siv phom me: cov neeg ua tub rog tiv thaiv tub rog, tsheb sib tua tub rog, tsheb tiv thaiv tub rog, tsheb thauj khoom; dav hlau thiab nyoob hoom qav taub nyob ntawm tshav dav hlau sab nraum lub hangars thiab tiv thaiv caponiers; Radar thiab lwm lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb hauv kev siv. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nrog nws txoj kev pab, nws muaj peev xwm tshem tawm cov neeg ua phem phem thiab cov neeg phem, suav nrog cov uas nkaum tom qab ntau lub tsev tiv thaiv uas yuav tsis nkag los ntawm cov mos txwv ntawm cov phom sniper ntawm qhov zoo tib yam.
Raws li nyob rau hauv rooj plaub nrog Asmeskas cov phom loj loj "Barrett M82", cov neeg tsim khoom hauv Hungarian tig mus rau daim cartridge rau lub tshuab rab phom loj, siv tus qauv Soviet rab phom 12, 7x108 mm. Thawj tsim rab phom ntawm "Cheetah" koob tau txais M1 qhov ntsuas, nws tau muab tso rau hauv kev pabcuam xyoo 1991 thiab muaj lub ntsej muag ntev (ntau dua ib lub 'meter'), lub taub qab tubular, siv Soviet loj-caliber cartridge 12, 7x108 hliLwm qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm rab phom no yog tias nws tau txhaj ib zaug. Nrog rau qhov siab rov qab thaum raug rho tawm, qhov no yog qhov tsis zoo tseem ceeb, txawm hais tias qhov kev tsim qauv no muab qhov tseeb ntau dua thaum tua ntawm qhov deb tshaj plaws. Nrog yuav luag zoo li qub pib qhov nrawm (860 m / s piv rau 854 m / s), qhov tseeb ntawm rab phom Hungarian tau yuav luag peb zaug zoo dua li ntawm Barrett M82. Tom qab ntawd, hauv tebchaws Hungary, lawv tau sim tsim tus qauv M1A1, rab phom no tau txais ib lub thoob ntev dua, tab sis qhov hnyav uas tau nce mus txog yuav luag 21 kg tau lees paub tias pom meej meej.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tsis yog tub rog uas npaj yuav siv rab phom, tabsis yog cov sawv cev ntawm tub ceev xwm thiab cov chav tshwj xeeb thaum ua haujlwm tiv thaiv kev ua phem. Rau lawv, qhov raug ntawm txhua qhov kev txhaj tshuaj tau raug tshwj xeeb. Tus naj npawb me me ntawm kev txav chaw hauv kev tsim riam phom tso cai rau cov kws siv phom hauv Hungarian kom ua tiav qhov kev tua raug siab. Ntawm qhov deb ntawm 1300 metres, ntu ntawm tsib qhov kev txhaj tshuaj tau muab tso rau hauv lub voj voog nrog lub vojvoog ntawm 25 centimeters. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lwm qhov zoo ntawm rab phom kuj tseem zoo, uas, los ntawm qhov deb li ntawm 300 metres, nrog rab riam phom-rab riam phom hla los ntawm cov ntawv hlau 15 hli tuab. Thaum kawg, cov phom me me (ob peb lub kaum os) tau xub xub txais los ntawm pab tub rog Hungarian rau kev siv sib ntaus hauv kev ua haujlwm.
Hungarian phom loj rab phom loj Gepard M1 yog rab phom rab phom ib leeg nrog lub ntsej muag txawv txawv tsim: nyob ntawm xub ntiag ntawm tus tuav nrog lub chij uas tsis siv neeg tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb thiab lub ntsuas phoo muaj qhov ntsia liaj qhov rooj, tom qab lawv yog tus txhais nws tus kheej nrog tus nruas. Kev tuav rab phom ntawm rab phom yog ib feem ntawm cov cuab yeej sib cais, pem hauv ntej uas muaj cov ntsia liaj qhov rooj nrog ntau lub khawm.
Kev thim rov qab thaum tua nrog rab phom ntawm 12.7 mm caliber yog qhov tseem ceeb heev, vim li no rab phom sniper tau teeb tsa hauv qhov tshwj xeeb zoo li tus ncej, sab hauv uas nws tuaj yeem txav mus raws qhov ntev. Lub zog ntawm recoil los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj kuj tseem raug tshem tawm los ntawm lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav tshwj xeeb. Cov cuab yeej no, nrog rau lub ntsej muag zoo nkauj nres, tso cai rau koj kom txo qis rov qab thaum tua los ntawm rab phom loj-caliber mus rau qib uas piv rau tua los ntawm cov phom loj tua phom loj. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ntawm lub taub hau ntawm rab phom muaj lub ncoo tshwj xeeb hauv qab lub puab tsaig, thiab nyob tom qab ib leeg-legged bipod muaj qhov yooj yim nres rau sniper dawb tes. Qhov hnyav qhov hnyav ntawm rab phom loj phom loj poob rau ntawm ob txhais ceg bipod, uas yog nyob rau pem hauv ntej ntawm tus ncej.
Ntawm rab phom Gepard M1, tau qhib qhov muag pom, uas yog lub hom phiaj tsuas yog siv rau thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev. Tus txheej txheem pom lub cuab yeej yog 12x qhov muag pom, uas tau teeb tsa ntawm lub teeb ntawm tus ncej. Txij li lub thav duab thiab rab phom ntawm rab phom tuaj yeem txav mus rau ib leeg, tswj kev sib ntaus sib tua rau rab phom tuaj yeem nyuaj.
Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev thau phom yuav cuam tshuam nrog cov hauv qab no. Ua ntej, tuav rab phom tig mus rau sab xis, qhov no tso cai rau rab phom ntawm rab phom qhib. Tom qab ntawd tus neeg tua phom rub tus tes tuav rov qab kom txog thaum lub thav duab thav duab raug tshem tawm tag, tom qab ntawd muab daim cartridge tso rau hauv chav. Cov thav duab thav duab tau muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw, tus kov tau tig, thiab ntsia liaj qhov rooj raug xauv, tom qab uas rab phom ntev phom tau ua rau tus kheej. Tom qab ntawd, tus neeg tua phom tsuas tuaj yeem tsom thiab tua. Cov chaw tsim khoom lees paub tias nyob deb li ntawm 2000 metres, koj tuaj yeem yooj yim tsoo txhua txoj hauv kev txhais tau tias muaj peev xwm ua yeeb ncuab. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov ua tau zoo ntawm qhov hluav taws kub tau nce txog 4 puag ncig ib feeb.
Txawm hais tias xav tau cov riam phom zoo li no nyob rau thawj ib nrab ntawm xyoo 1990, Cov phom phom tiv thaiv Hungarian yeej tsis dhau los ua riam phom loj. Qhov no feem ntau yog los ntawm kev sib tsoo ntawm Soviet Union thiab kev txiav tawm tom ntej ntawm kev muaj nyob ntawm Warsaw Pact Organization. Twb tau nyob rau Lub Ob Hlis 25, 1991, cov tebchaws uas koom nrog ATS tshem tawm kev ua tub rog ntawm lub koom haum, thiab thaum Lub Xya Hli 1 ntawm tib lub xyoo, Txoj Cai ntawm kev ua tiav qhov kev cog lus tau kos npe hauv Prague. Lub sijhawm raug kaw thiab txo qis kev ua tub rog ntawm txhua lub xeev European tau pib. Hauv lub ntiaj teb tshiab, tsis muaj qhov chaw tshiab rau kev tiv thaiv kev lag luam hauv Hungarian, txawm hais tias tseem muaj cov txuj ci ntau ntxiv thiab cov yam ntxwv zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem tom qab ntawm cov phom loj loj no. Tsis muaj chaw nyob hauv ntiaj teb, tshwj tsis yog Hungary, rab phom Gepard M1 tsis tau siv los ntawm pab tub rog thiab tub ceev xwm tshwj xeeb. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, hauv Hungary nws tus kheej, me ntsis ntau dua 120 phom ntawm txhua qhov kev hloov pauv tau tsim. Tsuas yog kev xa tawm tau zoo ntawm tus txheeb ze nyob deb ntawm Gepard M1 phom ntev yog M6 Lynx phom nrog tus qauv tshiab bullpup, uas tau ua haujlwm nrog cov tub rog tshwj xeeb ntawm pab tub rog thiab tub ceev xwm ntawm Is Nrias teb.
Cov yam ntxwv ua tau zoo ntawm Gepard M1:
Caliber - 12.7 hli.
Cartridge - 12, 7 × 108 hli.
Ntev ntev - 1100 hli
Tag nrho qhov ntev yog 1570 hli.
Nyhav - 19 kg (tsis muaj daim cartridges thiab pom).
Kev tua hluav taws zoo - 2000 m.
Lub peev xwm ntawm Magazine - txhaj ib zaug.
