Cov phom me tshaj plaws: muaj log thiab muaj ntau hom

Cov txheej txheem:

Cov phom me tshaj plaws: muaj log thiab muaj ntau hom
Cov phom me tshaj plaws: muaj log thiab muaj ntau hom

Video: Cov phom me tshaj plaws: muaj log thiab muaj ntau hom

Video: Cov phom me tshaj plaws: muaj log thiab muaj ntau hom
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Cov phom me tshaj plaws: muaj log thiab muaj ntau hom …
Cov phom me tshaj plaws: muaj log thiab muaj ntau hom …

Peb tau tawm tsam hauv Silver Street …

Peb yuav tawm tsam tam sim no

Tab sis rab phom, hmoov tsis zoo, tau tuav los ntawm peb ib leeg.

"Cov Cim" Rudyard Kipling

Keeb kwm ntawm phom. Lub sijhawm kawg peb nres ntawm qhov tseeb tias lub ntsuas phoo xauv tau dhau los ua lub hauv paus tseem ceeb rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau hmoov hauv lub thoob, thiab cov txheej txheem no hauv tib Nyij Pooj, nrog rau hauv Tibet, muaj nyob ntev heev. Txog rau xyoo 1868! Zoo, cov neeg yos hav zoov - lawv tseem tuaj yeem siv qhov sib tw! Nco ntsoov N. A. Nekrasov:

Kuzya tsoo lub foob ntawm rab phom, Matchesk nqa lub thawv nrog nws, Zaum tom qab lub hav txwv yeem - ntxias cov nyom, Nws yuav txuas qhov sib phim rau cov noob - thiab nws yuav tawg tawm!

Txawm li cas los xij, tib neeg txoj kev xav tsis tau sawv tseem, thiab sai sai no lub log xauv tau tsim los txhawm rau txhawm rau hmoov hmoov. Qhov twg thiab los ntawm leej twg? Hais tsis tau. Ib daim duab ntawm lub cuab yeej ntawm qhov ntsuas phoo tau pom hauv phau ntawv los ntawm Leonardo da Vinci "Codex Atlanticus" 1505. Thiab qhov no yog qhov tseem ceeb nws tsuas yog kev tsim, uas tau nthuav dav thoob plaws nws lub neej. Tab sis kuj tseem muaj cov ntawv sau los ntawm Martin Löfelholz, sib tham los ntawm tib lub xyoo, uas tseem piav txog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo sib xws. Yog li leej twg yog thawj tus, nws nyuaj hais. Ib zaug ntxiv, tsis muaj ib yam xav tsis thoob hauv qhov tseeb uas peb tsis paub tseeb tus sau ntawm qhov kev tsim no.

Ib qho yooj yim sib zog - qhov ntawd yog nws

Qhov tseeb yog vim tias tsis muaj kev sib tw nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd, tib neeg tas li yuav tsum cuam tshuam nrog ntau yam khoom siv rau kev tua hluav taws. Ntawm no koj muaj lub rooj zaum, lub tinder (ib daim ntaub linen tau hlawv ntawm qhov hluav taws kub), thiab, feem ntau yuav, lub log log sib zog uas tau tshwm sim tam sim ntawd (tsuas yog tsis muaj lub peev xwm ntawm cov roj, tau kawg), nyob rau hauv uas cov hniav hniav tau ntswj nrog tus ntiv tes, thiab cov pyrite nias tawm tsam nws, lossis cov nplaim taws muab cov pob zeb tawg uas poob rau ntawm lub tinder thiab ua rau nws tawg. Thiab nws tsis tau siv ntau lub siab los nrog lub tswv yim ntawm muab tib yam rau ntawm musket lossis arquebus thiab txuas nws mus rau qhov txhais. Muaj tseeb, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau ua qee yam - tsis nrog ntiv tes, tau kawg - tig lub log nws tus kheej. Tab sis qhov no twb yog kev daws teeb meem nkaus xwb: lub log nrog cov hniav txuas nrog lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav los ntawm cov saw luv thiab lub nres tau txuas rau nws - thiab yog li lub log xauv tau yug los!

Duab
Duab

Ua ntej tshaj plaws, lub ntsuas phoo tshiab tshaj qhov ntsuas phoo xauv hauv kev ntseeg tau. Nws tsis yog rhiab rau noo noo thiab tuaj yeem ua rau lub sijhawm ntev. Yog tias nws siv tawv tawv tawv, tom qab ntawv thais ntawm lub log nrawm nrawm. Cov mos mos pyrite tsis ua rau nws zoo li ntawd, tab sis nws tau tawg nws tus kheej, thiab nws cov khoom ua paug tsis zoo rau lub tshuab xauv. Ib qho ntxiv, nws muaj ntau cov ntsiab lus (tsawg kawg 25!), Thiab yog li nws kim heev. Yog li, xyoo 1580, lub arquebus nrog lub ntsuas phoo xauv tuaj yeem yuav tau rau 350 francs, tab sis tib lub arquebus, tab sis nrog lub log xauv, raug nqi tsawg kawg 1500 francs. Ib qho ntxiv, yuav tsum tau tus yuam sij kom tso nws lub tshuab - yog tias tus neeg tua phom poob nws, tom qab ntawd nws cov riam phom tsis muaj txiaj ntsig. Tab sis qhov tseeb tias cov riam phom no tuaj yeem nqa mus zais thiab tsuas yog tam sim ntawd thiab tsis tau xav txog ua rau muaj kev cia siab tag nrho ntawm kev tsis lees paub (zoo heev yog qhov ntshai ntawm qhov tshiab!), Yog li hauv 1506 lub log xauv raug txwv hauv Geislingen, thiab hauv Hamburg thiab Hauv lwm lub nroog German, nqa rab yaj phom nrog lub xauv yam tsis tau kev tso cai los ntawm tus kws txiav txim plaub ntug raug rau txim los ntawm kev txiav tes.

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Duab

Los ntawm txoj kev, nws tau ua tsaug rau lub log xauv uas rab yaj phom tau tshwm sim. Rab phom xauv-xauv tsis yooj yim heev, txawm hais tias nws tau siv hauv Nyij Pooj. Tab sis lub tsev fuabtais tshiab tam sim tsa kev ua tub rog hauv Tebchaws Europe mus rau qib tshiab. Tam sim no nws muaj peev xwm muab cov tub rog caij nees nrog riam phom zoo li no, thiab … cov neeg caij tsheb -rab phom - cov reitars thiab cov tub rog - tam sim nkag mus rau hauv tshav rog, hloov lub qub tub rog caij nees.

Duab
Duab

Raws li qhov no tau coj mus rau qhov hnyav tshaj plaws hnyav tshaj plaws thiab hnyav tshaj ntawm tus neeg caij cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv, uas tam sim no suav rau kev tiv thaiv los ntawm cov mos txwv raug rho tawm los ntawm rab phom rab phom yuav luag tsis muaj qhov khoob! Txawm li cas los xij, muaj tag nrho cov kab lus hais txog qhov cavalry ntawm Lub Sijhawm Tshiab zoo li cas, yog li peb yuav tsis txhim kho cov ncauj lus no ntawm no, tab sis peb yuav txuas ntxiv mus kom paub txog qhov kev hloov pauv uas lub tsev fuabtais log ua rau kev ua tub rog.

Tsis muaj tus yuam sij - tsis pom qhov twg

Tab sis cov neeg caij tsheb samurai Nyij Pooj tau siv rab phom sib tw thiab tsis yws yws. Ib tus tuaj yeem xav txog qhov xav tau ntau npaum li cas dhia xav tau los ntawm lawv nrog cov roj teeb nyob hauv lawv txhais tes lossis twb muaj riam phom, yog li ntawd nws yuav tsis hlawv tawm ntawm lub taub hau, kom nws yuav tsis poob tawm ntawm tus nab, thiab tus nees, ib yam, tsis tuaj yeem tsis quav ntsej. Thiab tom qab ntawd koj tseem yuav tsum tau tua ntawm tus yeeb ncuab thiab tom qab ntawd dhia rov qab. Nws yooj yim tsis tuaj yeem muaj rab yaj phom thib ob npaj tua, thaum tus neeg caij European tuaj yeem muaj rab yaj phom ntau heev!

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Duab

Thiab, los ntawm txoj kev, dua, peb nco ntsoov tias cov kev hloov pauv no feem ntau cuam tshuam rau cov tub rog, tab sis cov tub rog txuas ntxiv siv lub ntsuas phoo xauv. Nws yog qhov yooj yim thiab pheej yig, thiab tom qab ntawd cov tub rog tau siv qhov ntau, tawm hauv qhov zoo mus rau cov tub rog!

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Duab

Lub log xauv pib tau siv dav hauv kev tua phom - txij li lub sijhawm ntawd tsuas yog cov neeg siab zoo tua phom, thiab nws muaj peev xwm them taus cov cuab yeej niaj hnub tshaj plaws nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd, ntxiv rau hauv riam phom rau phiaj tua - ntawm no Vajtswv nws tus kheej xaj kom siv ntawm qhov ntsuas phoo no, vim tias nws tau ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tig rab phom mus rau hauv kev lom zem tiag tiag.

Riam phom rau yos hav zoov thiab tua lom zem

Duab
Duab

Lub Dukes ntawm Bavaria tau mob siab rau khaws cov khoom uas tau khaws cov khoom sib txawv thiab ua haujlwm ntawm daim duab hauv chav tshwj xeeb hu ua Kunstkamera. Hauv lub peev ntawm Munich, lawv tau qhib ntau qhov kev cob qhia, qhov uas cov kws tshaj lij tshaj lij thiab cov kws tshaj lij tsim cov khoom siv kos duab rau tus thawj coj sau los yog khoom plig rau cov neeg muaj koob npe txawv teb chaws. Ntawm cov kws kos duab ua haujlwm los ntawm Munich lub tsev hais plaub yog cov kws hlau hlau Emanuel Sadeler (nquag 1594-1610), nws tus tij laug Daniel (kaw 1602-1632) thiab Kaspar Speth (puag ncig 1611-1691). Tsis zoo li lwm tus kws ua yeeb yam, lawv tsis tau sim ua kom zoo nkauj zoo nkauj siv cov nyiaj kub ntau, tab sis siv nws feem ntau yog keeb kwm yav dhau los txhawm rau hais txog cov hlau zoo nkauj uas muaj xim zoo nkauj, muab tso rau hauv siab. Lawv feem ntau siv cov phiaj xwm thiab cov qauv ntawm kev dai kom zoo los ntawm kev kos duab ntawm Flemish thiab Fabkis cov kws kos duab ntawm ib nrab ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th, ua hauv cov qauv ntawm kev coj zoo. Cov kws ua ntoo, ntoo kaus ntxhw thiab pob zeb puab ntoo thiab kos duab xws li Jerome Borstorfer (1597-1637) thiab Elias Becker (1633-1674) tau raug hu los tsim cov thawv rau khaub ncaws zoo nkauj ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws kom phim cov thooj av zoo nkauj thiab riam phom. Cov xauv tau ua los ntawm Sadeler thiab Spaat.

Tab sis qhov ntxim nyiam tshaj plaws yog tias, txawm hais tias thawj "riam phom sib ntaus" tau tshwm sim nyob rau lub sijhawm muaj kev tswj hwm ntawm qhov sib tw sib tw, nws yog lub log xauv uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tsim tau ntau yam barreled-feem ntau yog ob hom barreled ntawm cov riam phom zoo li no. Txawm li cas los xij, kev sib tw riam phom kuj tau txhim kho. Muaj tseeb, feem ntau yos hav zoov - ntawm no tus tswv tsis tuaj yeem txwv lawv tus kheej rau ib yam dab tsi. Lawv tsis txwv, yog li txawm tias cov muskets phem-rab phom uas lawv tsim los tau nqis los rau peb!

Duab
Duab

Tab sis ob rab phom loj nrog lub log xauv tau pib siv los ntawm ob tus kws kho mob thiab cov rov hais dua. Thiab tsis muaj zem! Tom qab tag nrho, rab yaj phom ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd loj thiab hnyav. Ob rab yaj phom tau muab tso rau hauv lub hnab ntim khoom, vim tias lawv qhov ntev yog ib nrab ntawm ib lub 'meter', ob qho ntxiv tuaj yeem muab ntsaws rau saum lub khau, thiab ob qho ntxiv yog qee yam ntsaws rau hauv txoj siv lossis muab tso rau ntawm txoj hlua tshwj xeeb. Ntawd yog, rau lub thoob rau qhov siab tshaj, thiab txhua qhov hnyav tsawg kawg ib thiab ib nrab kilograms, lossis ntau dua. Thiab tseem muaj cov cuirass, tus tiv thaiv, lub kaus mom hlau, rab ntaj, lub raj mis hmoov, natruska, lub hnab ntim nrog cov mos txwv … txhaj tshuaj, thiab plaub - yim, thaum lawv qhov hnyav tag nrho tau nce ntxiv.

Ob lub thoob yog qhov zoo tshaj ib qho

Duab
Duab

Nws yog qhov txaus siab tias "pob" ("apple") thaum kawg ntawm rab yaj phom tuav tsis ua haujlwm txhua tus kom ntaus tus nrog sib ntaus ntawm lub taub hau hauv tes-rau-tes sib ntaus, txawm hais tias qhov no kuj tshwm sim. Feem ntau nws yog hollow, unscrewed thiab ua haujlwm raws li lub ntim rau cov khoom seem lossis cov pyrites.

Duab
Duab

"Lub qhov rooj tsis pub leej twg paub" (rooj plaub me me ntawm sab xis nrog lub hau zawv zawg) yog cov khoom siv zoo nkauj ntawm lub pob tw ntawm lub log muskets. Nws yog ib txwm muaj los khaws cov mos txwv nyob rau ntawd, npaj rau siv, uas yog, qhwv rau hauv daim ntaub roj lossis tsuas yog ib daim ntawv xwb.

Duab
Duab
Duab
Duab

Tab sis nws tau hloov pauv coj txawv txawv uas lub sijhawm ntawd, ib tus tuaj yeem hais tias, lub hnub dhau los ntawm riam phom nrog lub log xauv ib txhij dhau los yog lub sijhawm pib tshwm sim ntawm qhov piv txwv zoo tshaj ntawm cov riam phom qub, uas lub sijhawm no dhau los ua lub sijhawm kawg ntawm nws kev ua neej. Tab sis peb yuav tham txog yam riam phom twg nws yog zaum tom ntej …

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