Nws tau paub tias tsis muaj kev paub zoo txog kev siv tub rog, nws tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ua ke. Ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv tub rog yog kev rhuav tshem, uas suav nrog ntau lub tshuab thiab txhais tau tias ntawm kev tsuas, nrog rau kuv cov teeb meem tawg.
Raws li cov kws tshaj lij, cov cuab yeej siv phom tuaj yeem siv tsis yog tsuas yog tiv thaiv, tab sis kuj yog kev tawm tsam, txij li niaj hnub no txhais tau tias kev siv pob zeb cuam tshuam nrog lawv qhov kev teeb tsa nrawm, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm los npaj minefields ncaj qha thaum sib ntaus sib tua.
Cov txheej txheem nqa tau yooj yim "Veter-M", PKM-1 paub txij li lub sijhawm ntawm cov tub rog Soviet. Nws yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws ua ke-riam phom nrog uas koj tuaj yeem rub tawm tiv thaiv lub tank thiab tiv thaiv cov neeg ua haujlwm nyob deb. Qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm cov khoom siv yog tias nws tuaj yeem teeb tsa tsis yog ua ntej, tab sis kuj ncaj qha thaum sib ntaus sib tua, uas ua rau muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv kev ua tub rog.
Cov khoom siv suav nrog lub hauv paus pib rau PM-4 lub tshuab blasting, ob txoj hlua txuas ntawm 50 meters txhua thiab nqa lub hnab. Tag nrho cov khoom hnyav txog 2.5 kg. Lub tshuab tau ua hauv daim ntawv me me ntawm cov ntawv hlau, uas lub pallet nrog hluav taws xob tiv tauj tau txuas ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm 45 degrees. Lub tshuab tuav cov kab xev nrog cov neeg tua hluav taws lossis tiv thaiv lub tank me, thiab tom qab ntawd siv los tua cov kab xev no. Lub tshuab ua haujlwm yooj yim heev - thaum kab xev txuas nrog lub tshuab, cov neeg raug kaw ntawm lawv. Tom qab ntawd lub tshuab blasting muab lub zog hluav taws xob, cov hmoov tso tawm hauv lub cassette yog ignited. Qhov no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm pov tau kuv li 30-35 meters. Txawm hais tias hom mines li cas, qhov ntev ntawm daim kab xev tseem nyob zoo ib yam, tsuas yog cov cim ntawm lawv hloov pauv. Yog li, muaj KSF-1 cassettes nrog 72 PFM-1 antipersonnel mines, KSF-1S-0.5 cassettes nrog 36 PFM-1 antipersonnel mines thiab tib yam ntawm PFM-1S, KSF-1S cassettes nrog 64 PFM-1S antipersonnel mines, KSO cassettes -1 nrog 8 POM-1 tiv thaiv cov neeg ua haujlwm mines, KPOM-2 cartridges nrog 4 POM-2 tiv thaiv cov neeg ua haujlwm mines, ntxiv rau KPTM-3 cartridges nrog 1 PTM-3 anti-tank mine thiab KPTM-1 cartridges nrog 3 PTM-1 anti-tank mines.
Cov pob zeb uas tau pov los ntawm daim kab xev tau tawg thiab ua ib qho ellipse ntawm kev tawg. Nws qhov ntev yog li 8-10 meters dav thiab 18-20 meters ntev. Qhov yuav tshwm sim ntawm kev puas tsuaj, nyob ntawm seb hom kuv li, yog li ntawm 0.5 txog 7 meters. Anti-tank mines raug pov tseg txog 100 metres deb.
Nws muaj peev xwm teeb tsa ib leeg thiab ntau txoj kab minefields.
Qhov kev tshawb xyuas thaj chaw deb no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau nws qhov yooj yim, muaj peev xwm rau kuv yam tsis tau tawm hauv lub qhov taub, tsim kom muaj thaj av mine tam sim rau cov yeeb ncuab uas tuaj yeem ua rau lub sijhawm tawg.
Lwm qhov khoom siv uas kuv tau los ntawm lub sijhawm Soviet yog universal mine txheej UMP … Nov yog ib qho ntawm cov txheej txheem kev tshawb fawb pom deb los tsim los tiv thaiv cov neeg ua haujlwm, tiv thaiv lub tank thiab sib xyaw minefields. Hauv qhov no, cov pob zeb tsuas tuaj yeem tso rau saum npoo av.
Tus minelayer tau teeb tsa ntawm lub chassis ntawm Zil-131V onboard tsheb. Cassette units nyob rau hauv tus nqi ntawm 6 units tau teeb tsa hauv lub cev ntawm cov khoom siv tig, thiab lub kaw lus tswj kev tshem tawm yog nyob hauv lub tsheb tavxij.
Cov kab ntawv kab xev yog ywj siab ntawm ib leeg thiab tuaj yeem tig 360 degrees ntawm qhov sib txawv qaij kaum.
Nyob ntawm cov phiaj xwm kev khawb av, kev sib hloov ntawm cov kab xev thiab lub kaum sab xis ntawm lawv txoj kev xav tau raug xaiv. Txhua yam no yog ua tiav ntawm tus kheej ua ntej kev pib tsuas.
Mus txog 30 daim kab xev tuaj yeem teeb tsa hauv txhua chav. Thiab ua tiav cov txheej txheem minelayer yog 80 daim kab xev. Raws li qhov tau hais dhau los, cov minelayer tuaj yeem thauj khoom ib txhij nrog 180 PTM-3 cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv lub tank, 540 PTM-1 tiv thaiv lub tank mines, kwv yees li 12 txhiab PFM-1 cov neeg ua haujlwm tiv thaiv mines, 1440 POM-1 tiv thaiv cov neeg ua haujlwm mines thiab 720 POM-2 cov neeg ua haujlwm tiv thaiv cov mines.
Kev sib xyaw them nqi ntawm cov kab xev tuaj yeem siv tau. Tom qab ntawd, hauv ib qho kev khiav, tus minelayer tuaj yeem nqa cov neeg ua haujlwm tiv thaiv thiab tiv thaiv lub tank me lossis cov mines ntawm tib hom, tab sis muaj kev xaiv sib txawv. Koj tuaj yeem txhim kho thaj chaw hauv ntau qhov kev ua haujlwm, ntxiv rau ntxiv cov mos txwv txhua lub sijhawm koj xav tau.
Hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm kev khawb av, tus neeg tua tsiaj tuaj yeem ncav cuag qhov nrawm ntawm 5 txog 40 kilometers ib teev. Kev rov qab los ntawm 2 tus neeg tuaj yeem ua tiav hauv li 1, 5-2, 5 teev, thiab pab pawg sapper ntawm 6 tus neeg - hauv 1 teev.
Tus neeg tua tsiaj sab nrauv no tsis txawv ntawm txhua txoj hauv kev los ntawm ZIL ib txwm, yog li cov yeeb ncuab yuav tsis tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas nws. Cov neeg coob ntawm lub tsheb yuav suav nrog ob tus neeg - tus tsav tsheb thiab tus neeg tsav tsheb.
Ib qho kev txhais niaj hnub ntawm kev tsuas yog nyoob hoom qav taub mining VSM-1 … Nws yog siv los txhim kho lub tank tiv thaiv, tiv thaiv cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab tiv thaiv amphibious minefields siv Mi-8MT thiab Mi-8T helicopters. Feem ntau, cov kab ke no tau siv txhawm rau txhawm rau txhim kho cov teb sai sai hauv cov chaw ntawm cov yeeb ncuab txoj kev kov yeej, nrog rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm nws ua ntej sib sib zog nqus mus rau thaj chaw tiv thaiv. VSM-1 yog tsim los ntawm Kazan Helicopter Production Association, thiab lub kaw lus tau tsim los ntawm Lub Xeev Kev Tshawb Fawb Txog Kev Tshawb Fawb Engineering ntawm lub nroog Balashikha.
Cov txheej txheem txheej txheem, ntxiv nrog rau lub vaj huam sib luag tswj kev khawb av, muaj cov ntim rau cov mines hauv tus lej 4 chav, tsheb laij teb rau kev thauj mus los, vaj huam sib luag thiab lub thawv nqa nqa. Txhua lub thawv muab qhov chaw rau 29 KSO-1 daim kab xev.
Cov cuab yeej ntawm lub minefield yog nqa tawm thaum lub davhlau hla cov av, uas yuav tsum tau muab cov pob zeb pov tseg.
Cov kab ke no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws rau cov chaw hauv roob. Nws tau siv hauv Afghanistan ua kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv mujahideen. Qhov nrawm ntawm kev nthuav tawm cov mines yog li 8, 5 txhiab mines ib feeb ntawm thaj tsam li ntawm 25 metres dav thiab 2 kilometers ntev.
Lwm qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo rau kuv yog ntim thoob ntiaj teb rau cov khoom thauj me me KMGU, uas yog tsim los rau kev thauj mus los thiab xa rov qab ntawm cov thawv ntim khoom hauv ntej nrog cov khoom tawg, tawg siab, ua kom tawg thiab tawg mos txwv. Cov kab xev, tom qab xa tawm, qhib, yog li ua kom ntseeg tau tias txav mus los ntawm cov mos txwv raws txoj hauv kev ntawm kev ntaus lub hom phiaj. Sab nrauv, lub thawv zoo li cov khoom siv hluav taws xob txhuas nrog lub ntsej muag zoo nkauj thiab ob lub qhov rau tso cov kab xev. Hauv qis dua ntawm lub cev muaj cov flaps uas ua haujlwm los ntawm lub tshuab pneumatic. Nws, nyob rau hauv lem, yog powered los ntawm lub tshuab cua compressed. Cov neeg nqa khoom ntawm lub thawv yog Mi-28N lub dav hlau thiab Su-17, Su-27, Su-24, MiG-29 thiab MiG-27 dav hlau.
Txhais tau tias kev tshawb xyuas thaj chaw deb rau RZSO "Smerch" nrog lub foob pob hluav taws 9M55K4 -Qhov no yog cov cuab yeej siv tsuas yog tsim los rau kev tsim cov minefields siv cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv lub tank PTM-3. Cov mines tau muab tso rau hauv pawg pawg ntawm tsib lub pob zeb ntawm txhua ntawm tsib qib.
Lub taub hau ntawm qhov projectile tau sib cais, thiab cov mines raug thawb tawm nrog kev pab los ntawm squib. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lawv tau pauv mus rau kev npaj ua rog, thiab tom qab 90-100 vib nas this cov mines kov saum npoo av. Kev faib ellipse nyob ntawm txoj kev ya dav hlau thiab thaj tsam thiab kwv yees li 2 txog 2 kis lus mev.
Txhawm rau kom tau txais qhov chaw zoo li no, yuav tsum tau them 12 tus nqi, uas yog, ib daim ntawv qhia txog "Tornado". Cov mos txwv tau tawg mus txog 150 metres raws li qhov hloov pauv tas mus li rau lawv qhov kev txav mus los nrog kev pab ntawm cov pa roj-hloov pauv rudders, ntxiv rau kev hloov pauv ib puag ncig lawv cov axis.
Cov mines tau ceeb toom rau ib hnub, tom qab uas lawv ua rau tus kheej puas tsuaj. Yog tias cov mines tsis zoo lossis tsis tau ceeb toom vim yog txoj haujlwm tsis raug, lawv tseem yuav ua rau tus kheej puas tsuaj nyob rau ib hnub. Thiab yog tias lawv nyob ze rau lub tsheb lossis tso tsheb hlau luam ntawm cov qauv hlau, tom qab ntawd qhov tawg tshwm sim tam sim ntawd.
Kev nyob nyab xeeb tshaj plaws rau tib neeg tom qab pib ua kom puas ntawm cov mines yog kwv yees li 300 metres los ntawm qhov av loj. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov mines ntawm PTM-3 hom tuaj yeem raug rhuav tshem siv EMT trawls.
Lub foob pob hluav taws 9M55K4 tau siv hauv Smerch 9K58 ntau lub foob pob hluav taws uas tau siv los ntawm Soviet pab tub rog xyoo 1987. Tam sim no, lwm hom projectiles tau siv rau kev teeb tsa no.
Qhov projectile nws tus kheej yog hloov pauv thiab sib txawv tsuas yog hauv lub taub hau: tawg tawg tawg ntau, tawg tawg tawg tag, tawg ntau qhov, tawg, thiab tseem nrog kev siv homing tiv thaiv lub taub hau taub hau.
Smerch system muaj peev xwm ua kom nrawm txog 60 kilometers ib teev. Lub launcher suav nrog 12 lub raj qhia. Kev nqa tawm tag nrho yog nqa tawm hauv 20 vib nas this, thaj tsam ntawm kev puas tsuaj yog los ntawm 20 txog 70 kilometers. Kev teeb tsa tau rov ua dua los ntawm 9T234-2 thauj-them lub tshuab hauv 10-15 feeb.
Ua tiav kev teeb tsa Smerch suav nrog 9A52-2 lub foob pob, 9T234-2 thauj thiab thauj tsheb thiab lub tsheb KAMAZ-4310 nrog Vivarium kev tswj hluav taws, uas tau siv rau rau kev teeb tsa.
Cov kws tshaj lij ntseeg siab tias cov cuab yeej siv niaj hnub no tau ua haujlwm tau zoo dua vim kev siv hluav taws xob fuse thiab muaj peev xwm ntawm cov phiaj xwm rau kev rhuav tshem tus kheej tom qab qee lub sijhawm, nce hauv cov khoom siv dag zog vim siv cov ntaub ntawv ruaj khov uas ua rau nws ua tau kom poob lawv los ntawm qhov siab zoo yam tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj, nce hauv cov lej ntawm cov chaw nyob deb siv tsis yog tsuas yog cov tub rog kws ua haujlwm, tab sis tseem muaj lwm ceg ntawm cov tub rog.
NATO cov chaw deb cov tshuab
North Atlantic Alliance cov thawj coj pab tub rog, uas tau txiav txim siab ntev ntev tias cov mines yog txoj hauv kev ntawm kev qhia tawm tsam kev ua phem, rov tshuaj xyuas lawv cov peev xwm ntxiv. Txhua hnub lo lus "ua tsov rog hauv av" tau txais ntau thiab ntau dua.
Cov minelayers, uas tau ua haujlwm nrog NATO cov tub rog, tau npaj rau cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv lub tank me. Lawv tau muab faib ua ob pawg: tus kheej-tawm tsam thiab taug kev. Feem ntau ntawm lawv yog cov minelayers taug qab. Qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov mines tuaj yeem hloov kho kom qhov ntom ntom ntawm cov minefield tuaj yeem nce lossis txo qis. Feem ntau ntawm cov mines yog cov phom tiv thaiv lub tank uas tsoo lub hom phiaj tiv thaiv riam phom thoob plaws thaj chaw. Kev tiv thaiv cov mines kuj tseem siv los ua rau nws nyuaj rau cov yeeb ncuab kov yeej qhov kev tsim minefield.
FFV 5821 tus neeg ua haujlwm minelayer nyob hauv MiWS cov hauv paus hauv av kev siv tshuab. Qhov no yog txoj hlua khi, rau kev rub uas tus qauv tsheb nrog 720 lub mines tau siv. Ntawm kev nrawm ntawm 7 kilometers ib teev, cov minelayer tuaj yeem teeb tsa txog 20 feeb ib feeb. Cov cuab yeej tau tsim los ntawm lub tuam txhab Swedish. Nws cov khoom xa tuaj pib hauv 1989 rau Tebchaws Yelemees, thiab tom qab ntawd mus rau Tebchaws Netherlands.
Cov tsheb nqaj hlau me me uas siv los ntawm cov tub rog Askiv yog cov cuab yeej siv los ntawm cov tub rog siv tshuab los txhim kho L9A1 tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv tiv thaiv lub tank mines. Tam sim no, hom mines no tau nruab nrog lub fuse tshiab, uas tau tshwm sim hauv qab thaj tsam tag nrho. Txog nws txoj kev rub, FV 432 "Trougen" taug qab cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv cov neeg ua haujlwm nrog 144 lub mines tau siv. Rau kev teeb tsa cov mines ntawm cov av, FV 602 "Stolvet" kuj tseem siv tau, uas tuaj yeem nqa txog 500 lub mines.
Spanish trailed minelayer ST-AT / V tau siv los txhim kho lub tank tiv thaiv, tiv thaiv hauv qab thiab tiv thaiv cov mines. Cov neeg ua haujlwm tiv thaiv tub rog uas muaj 200 lub mines tau siv los rub. Tus minelayer ua haujlwm ntawm qhov nrawm ntawm 4 kilometers ib teev.
Fab Kis F1 minelayer muaj lub log log. Nws lub ntsiab tseem ceeb yog thaum txhim kho cov mines, nws qhib ib lub qhov rau txhua tus ntawm lawv, thaum tsis ua kom puas rau txheej txheej cog. Lub cev hydromechanical nqa cov dej qab zib, thiab tom qab lub mine tau teeb tsa, nws txo qis nws rov qab thiab theem saum npoo nrog kev pab los ntawm cov menyuam. Tus minelayer tau tsim los txhim kho cov mines ntawm qhov loj me, piv txwv li, xws li tiv thaiv taug qab ASRM.
Hauv lub thawv ntim khoom ntawm kev teeb tsa muaj cov kab xev ntawm 112 lub pob zeb me me txhua qhov ntawm 4 chav nyob. Thaum txhua qhov kuv tso, lub tshuab nres, thiab txhua qhov kev ua haujlwm yog siv lub tshuab. Qhov kev khawb av yog kwv yees li 400 feeb toj ib teev.
Cov kab hauv thaj chaw deb yog txoj hauv kev tshiab uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm teeb tsa minefields nyob rau lub sijhawm luv tshaj plaws ntawm qhov deb ntawm ob peb meters mus rau ntau pua mais. Cov mines ntawm ntau hom nqis los rau hauv cov qauv ntawm cov kab ke-tiv thaiv lub tank, tiv thaiv cov neeg ua haujlwm, tiv thaiv lub tsheb, txhais tau tias rau lawv kev teeb tsa thiab cov nqa khoom nws tus kheej, uas tuaj yeem siv ua cov tsheb hauv av, cov phom loj lossis cov cuaj luaj, nrog rau dav hlau thiab helicopters.
Cov tshuab hauv av yog cov tshuab uas, hauv kev txav txav, muaj peev xwm tua lossis cuam pob zeb ntawm qhov deb ntawm 30-100 meters, yog li tsim cov kab me me ntawm ntau kaum tawm meters. Cov pob zeb uas tau poob rau saum npoo tau coj mus rau hauv txoj haujlwm sib ntaus thiab ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau lub hom phiaj, lossis hauv kev npaj txav lawv, lossis hauv kev ua kom puas tsuaj rau tus kheej. Cov kab ke ntawm hom no suav nrog Asmeskas cov tshuab mining GEMSS, Vulcan, German MiWS, Italian Istriche, British Ranger.
Cov tshuab siv phom loj yog cov mines uas siv cov txheej txheem cov phom loj los tua cov pawg uas muaj nqi me me. Tom qab ntog mus rau saum npoo, lawv raug coj mus rau qhov chaw tua hluav taws thiab ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam thaum lub hom phiaj tiv thaiv lossis tom qab hnub tas sij hawm. Cov no suav nrog Asmeskas RAAMS thiab ADAM systems.
Missile mining systems siv tus qauv MLRS rau cov cuab yeej ntawm minefields. Txawm hais tias muaj ntau lub xeev tau koom nrog hauv qhov kev txhim kho no, lawv tau ua haujlwm nkaus xwb hauv Tebchaws Yelemees. Lawv siv Lars-2 systems-qhov no yog 36-barreled launcher. Lub taub hau ua pawg tau xa mus rau ntawm qhov chaw tau txiav txim siab ua ntej, thiab cov mines raug txo qis los ntawm kev dhia hauv qab qhov kev ua ntawm huab cua. Tom qab tsaws, lub kaus mom hlau raug muab tshem tawm thiab lub mine tau ceeb toom.
Raws li NATO cov kws tshaj lij, nws raug nquahu kom siv lub tshuab nyoob hoom qav taub los teeb tsa cov teeb meem ntawm txoj hauv kev ntawm cov yeeb ncuab uas tab tom nrhiav cov tub rog rov qab, txhawm rau npog ob sab, ntxiv rau ntxiv dag zog rau cov teeb meem uas twb tau teeb tsa. Qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov kab ke no yog cov nyoob hoom qav taub ua haujlwm ntawm qhov chaw qis heev, uas ua rau lawv muaj kev pheej hmoo ntau. Feem ntau, ob hom tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab ke no tau siv - thoob ntiaj teb uas tau teeb tsa ntawm lub tsheb, nrog rau cov kev teeb tsa uas tau thauj mus rau sab nraud ntawm lub dav hlau. Ntawm cov kab ke nyoob hoom qav taub, ib tus tuaj yeem ceeb toom Asmeskas Vulcan system, Italian DATS, SY-AT, uas tau siv hauv Spain thiab Portugal.
Nrog rau kev npaj NATO cov tub rog nrog cov txhais tau tias ntawm kev tsuas, nws tseem tau npaj los tsim hom tshiab ntawm cov riam phom no, qhov ua tau zoo uas tau sim thaum ua haujlwm.
Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm pawg tub rog txheeb xyuas ob peb lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum txhim kho cov txheej txheem minefield tshiab. Qhov no yog kev txhim kho cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv lub tank uas muaj peev xwm tsoo lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov deb txog li 100 metres, tsim cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv dav hlau uas tuaj yeem tsoo lub hom phiaj huab cua ntawm qhov chaw siab, nrog rau kev puas tsuaj rau cov tub rog tshwj xeeb.
Kev daws teeb meem rau txhua qhov teeb meem no tau npaj tseg hauv kaum xyoo tom ntej.
