Kev swb ntawm T-34. Armored Institute tsab ntawv ceeb toom

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Kev swb ntawm T-34. Armored Institute tsab ntawv ceeb toom
Kev swb ntawm T-34. Armored Institute tsab ntawv ceeb toom

Video: Kev swb ntawm T-34. Armored Institute tsab ntawv ceeb toom

Video: Kev swb ntawm T-34. Armored Institute tsab ntawv ceeb toom
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Kev swb ntawm T-34. Armored Institute tsab ntawv ceeb toom
Kev swb ntawm T-34. Armored Institute tsab ntawv ceeb toom

Yuav ib txwm ntaus lub tshuab

Cov keeb kwm ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua puas tsuaj rau T-34 tso tsheb hlau luam yuav tsum pib nrog lus German hais txog kev tawm tsam tso tsheb hlau luam, uas lub chaw saib xyuas kev txawj ntse ntawm Cov Neeg Ua Haujlwm Loj ntawm Cov Tub Rog Liab tau luam tawm hauv daim ntawv txhais lus rau lub Cuaj Hlis 15, 1941. Nws yog raws li phau ntawv qhia kev qhia no uas Wehrmacht txhim kho kev tiv thaiv rau Soviet cov tsheb tiv thaiv. Raws li hauv qab no los ntawm daim ntawv no, cov neeg German tau txiav txim siab ua cov khoom phom sij tshaj plaws hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua: nws tau xaj kom tsis txhob ua tib zoo saib xyuas kev tawm tsam huab cua thiab tsom mus rau txhua qhov hluav taws ntawm cov tsheb tiv thaiv. Cov lus pom zoo hauv qhov kev sib txuas hauv phau ntawv no:

“Txhua hom riam phom tab tom tua ntawm lub tank. Txawm hais tias tsis muaj kev nkag mus ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv, kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov mos txwv thiab cov mos txwv ntawm cov cuab yeej muaj kev ncaj ncees rau cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv lub tank."

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Cov neeg German npaj siab yuav tsoo lub tank Soviet li cas? Tus kws sau ntawv txawm hais qhia kom muaj tsawg kawg 10 daim riam phom-phom rau ntawm tes txhua lub sijhawm nrog rab phom, thiab 100 daim rau rab phom tshuab. Cov Nazis, nrog caj npab me, nrhiav kom yuam lub tankers kom kaw lub qhov rooj txhawm rau txwv qhov pom ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua. Hauv qhov ua tiav tshaj plaws, cov mos txwv tsoo lub tshuab cov cuab yeej soj ntsuam. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, phau ntawv qhia hais tias rab phom tshuab nrog cov mos txwv zoo ib yam yuav tsum tua ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam los ntawm qhov deb tsis pub tshaj 150 metres, thiab nrog cov mos txwv hnyav ntawm 1500 meters. Cov riam phom tiv thaiv ntau tshaj plaws hauv Wehrmacht thaum pib ua tsov rog yog: 28-mm hnyav tiv thaiv phom phom Panzerbüchse 41, 37-mm lub teeb Pak 35/36 rab phom, 50-mm nruab nrab Pak 38 rab phom, 105-hli lub teeb teb howitzer mod. 18 thiab 105 mm hnyav phom cannon qauv 18. Phau ntawv tsis qhia meej faib Soviet lub tsheb tso tsheb hlau luam los ntawm hom thiab hom kev sib ntaus, tab sis qee cov lus qhia tseem tau muab. Nws raug nquahu kom tsom mus rau qhov qis qis ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam thiab ntawm kev sib tshuam ntawm lub turret nrog lub hull, ntxiv rau ntawm ob sab thiab sab tawv. Nyob rau ntawm qhov kev kwv yees pem hauv ntej, cov phom loj feem ntau tsis qhia kom tua hluav taws, uas yog, thaum lub Cuaj Hli 1941, Cov Neeg German tsis muaj kev lav paub tias yuav tsoo lub tank Soviet nyob hauv pliaj. Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb uas cov neeg German tau thov siv hnyav 150-mm teb howitzer sFH 18 txhawm rau txhawm rau tso tsheb hlau luam, hais txog tias riam phom yuav muaj txiaj ntsig tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tiv thaiv lub cev.

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Thaum muaj kev vam meej ntawm kev tso tsheb hlau luam nyob ze ze, txhua tus tub rog ntawm Peb Reich yuav tsum tau nkag mus rau hauv "tes-rau-tes" duel nrog nws. Tsocai los ntawm phau ntawv:

"Hauv qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua ze, nws yuav tsum ua kom cov neeg coob dig muag los ntawm kev pov cov grenades. Nqa lub tank mus txog qhov deb li 9 metres, pov pob, foob pob lossis foob pob hluav taws thiab tom qab ntawd nkaum hauv qhov chaw ze tshaj plaws. Yog tias lub tank nres lawm, tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum nce mus rau nws thiab dig muag qhov pom qhov muag. Ntaus cov tankers dhia tawm ntawm lub tank."

Tus tub rog yuav tsum muaj lub siab tawv los tawm tsam cov tub rog ntawm Red Army. Qhov kawg ntawm memo yog kev txhawb siab tirade:

"Tus tub rog siab tawv tuaj yeem rhuav tshem txhua lub tank yeeb ncuab [txhais cov yam ntxwv] nrog nws cov riam phom thiab cuam tshuam nrog lwm hom riam phom. Nws yuav tsum muaj lub hom phiaj txhob txwm tshaj tawm thiab muaj lub siab nyiam txhawm rau txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov cuab yeej. Ib zaug ntxiv, kev ruaj khov thiab tas li xav tau kom yeej cov tso tsheb hlau luam yog qhov lav tias cov koog yuav tsis muaj kev ntshai ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam. Kev hwm yuav ib txwm tiv thaiv cov tso tsheb hlau luam. Yuav ib txwm ntaus lub tshuab."

TsNII-48 report

Wehrmacht yog tus yeeb ncuab txaus ntshai thiab, coj los ntawm cov txheej txheem saum toj no, feem ntau ua tau zoo tiv thaiv cov tso tsheb hlau luam Soviet. Tsawg kawg thaum pib ua tsov rog. Hmoov tsis zoo, teeb meem txuj ci tseem ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev poob ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam. Ib ntawm thawj qhov kev tshuaj xyuas ntxaws ntxaws ntawm kev ua tsis tiav ntawm T-34 tso tsheb hlau luam tau nthuav tawm hauv daim ntawv tshaj tawm zais cia sab saum toj ntawm Lub Tsev Haujlwm Tshawb Fawb Hauv Nroog-48 Lub Cuaj Hli-Kaum Hli 1942. Pawg hu ua Moscow ntawm lub koom haum tau tshuaj xyuas 178 lub tso tsheb hlau luam, uas feem ntau tau raug tsoo tawm. Cov tsheb tau tshuaj xyuas ntawm cov khw kho Moscow # 1, # 6 thiab # 112. Nws tseem tsis tau meej meej tias qhov no yog thawj qhov kev tshuaj xyuas tsab ntawv ceeb toom thaum pib ua tsov rog, tab sis nws pom tseeb tias kev thim rov qab los ntawm Red Army thaum pib muaj kev tawm tsam ua rau tag nrho cov cuab yeej puas tsuaj hauv tshav rog. Ib lossis ntau tus neeg sawv cev piv txwv ntawm kev ua tsis tiav T-34s tsuas yog tshwm sim los ntawm ib nrab ntawm xyoo ob ntawm kev ua rog.

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Muaj pes tsawg lub tank tso tawm ntawm qhov tsis muaj qhov txhaum ntawm Wehrmacht? Qhov xwm txheej suav tsis yooj yim. Ntawm lub hauv paus No. 1 thiab No. 6, cov kws tshawb fawb tau tshawb xyuas txhua 69 lub tsheb T-34 yam tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb, ntawm 24, lossis 35%, tsoo tsis muaj cuam tshuam rau kev tiv thaiv tej cuab yeej. Qhov laj thawj yog qhov tsis ua haujlwm ntawm lub cav diesel, lub chassis lossis kis tau tus mob. Cov tso tsheb hlau luam seem (45 lub tsheb lossis 65%) raug ntaus los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab phom loj. Tab sis tom qab ntawd qhov xwm txheej yuam cov kws tsim khoom ntawm TsNII-48 hloov qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev kawm. Qhov tseeb yog tias 109 lub tank uas tseem tshuav tau xaiv tshwj xeeb los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij ntawm GABTU ntawm Pawg Tub Rog Liab raws li kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov cuab yeej ua rog los ntawm cov phom, uas yog, cov tsheb uas tau poob lawv qhov nrawm vim li cas thiaj li tsis tuaj txog. Cov tso tsheb hlau luam no tau nyob hauv tsev kho lub hauv paus # 112. Vim li cas cov kws tshaj lij ntawm Armored Institute tsis raug tso cai xaiv cov tso tsheb hlau luam tsis paub. Tag nrho cov no hais txog kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov lus xaus hais txog kev faib ua feem ntawm T-34 tawm ntawm qhov kev txiav txim rau cov laj thawj. Ntawm qhov one tes, tawm ntawm 69 lub tsheb, 24 tsis ua haujlwm vim qhov ua haujlwm tsis zoo (txawm hais tias 2 ntawm lawv raug hlawv los ntawm Molotov cocktails). Qhov no, tau kawg, yog ntau, tab sis ib tus kws tshawb fawb yuav taw tes rau qhov piv txwv me me, uas tsis tso cai ua qhov kev txiav txim siab tsis meej. Yog li ntawd, nws tsim nyog tham txog qhov no nrog kev pom zoo ntau.

Qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws thiab xav tau chav nyob hauv lub tank rau kev saib xyuas zoo yog lub cav. Thiab, ib txwm, hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua nws yog thawj zaug ua tsis tiav. Nws tsim nyog hais tias lub tank tau kho nyob tom qab thaum lub Yim Hli 20 txog Lub Cuaj Hli 10, 1942. 11 lub tsheb ntawm cov kho vaj tse # 1 thiab # 6 tau nrog kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo V-2 lub tog raj kheej, thiab lwm 7 lub tsheb muaj lub cev tsis zoo. Cov kws tshawb fawb sau txog qhov no:

"Nws tsis muaj peev xwm txheeb xyuas seb puas ua tsis tiav ntawm lub tank yog los ntawm kev tawg ntawm lub cav lossis qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ua haujlwm tawm ntawm lub sijhawm maus taus, thaum lub sijhawm sau cov ntaub ntawv nws tsis tuaj yeem ua tau."

Nws yuav tsum tau hais txog qhov tsis txaus ntawm lub tank diesel cav: thaum pib ntawm kev ua tsov rog, B-2 yog qhov tsim qauv tsis zoo nrog lub cav qis lub neej. Cov chaw tsim khoom raug tshem tawm tsuas yog pib teeb tsa cov tshuab hluav taws xob zoo, nws tsis yooj yim sua kom thov tau zoo los ntawm lawv. Ntawm qhov tsis txaus tso tsheb hlau luam, plaub tau nrog lub chassis puas lawm, thiab ob lub tsheb tiv thaiv uas tau hais los saum no tau hlawv, feem ntau yuav yog vim Molotov cocktails.

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T-34s uas tsis tau txiav txim rau cov laj thawj kev siv tau raug txheeb tawm, tam sim no nws yog qhov tig ntawm kev sib ntaus yeej. 154 tso tsheb hlau luam tau nthuav tawm rau kev kawm. Feem ntau ntawm lawv raug ntaus hauv cov tub rog - 81%. Qhov ntsuas ntawm qhov projectiles tau txiav txim siab los ntawm cov kws ua haujlwm kwv yees, raws li txoj kab nruab nrab ntawm lub qhov thiab cov hniav. Nws tau muab tawm tias Soviet T-34s raug rho tawm ntawm txhua yam uas cov neeg German muaj ntawm tes. Ntau yam calibers: 20 mm, 37 mm, 42 mm, 50 mm, 75 mm, 88 mm and 105 mm. Feem pua ntawm kev puas tsuaj los ntawm ib lossis lwm qhov projectile sib txawv heev thiab feem ntau yog nyob ntawm kev muaj riam phom hauv Wehrmacht rab phom loj. Feem ntau, cov kws tshawb fawb los ntawm TsNII-48 tau ntsib cov cim los ntawm rab phom 50-mm, uas cov tub rog German tiv thaiv lub tank muaj ntau tshaj plaws. Hauv qhov chaw thib ob yog rab phom 75mm thiab 37mm, nrog 20mm thiab 88mm cov cim yog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws. Pom tseeb, nws tsis muaj txiaj ntsig los tua hluav taws ntawm T-34 los ntawm 20-mm rab phom, txawm hais tias phau ntawv qhia kev qhia saum toj no tau hu rau qhov no, thiab tsuas yog tsis muaj ntau lub dav hlau tiv thaiv Acht-acht hauv lub tank-cov lus qhia txaus ntshai ntawm pem hauv ntej. Lub 88-mm tau xav tias yuav tuag tshaj plaws rau T-34: 95% ntawm kev ntaus, yog tias tsis ua rau lub tsheb puas nrog cov neeg coob, ces ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj. Rau 75 mm lub plhaub, daim duab no yog 69%, rau 50 mm lub plhaub - 43%. Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias qhov feem pua no suav nrog kev ua txhaum ntawm lub zog tom qab, thaum qhov projectile nkag mus rau cov cuab yeej ua rog (tag nrho lossis ib feem) thiab ua rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov txheej txheem thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov neeg coob. Rau tag nrho cov piv txwv ntawm kev ntaus hauv T -34, qhov kev swb no me ntsis tsawg dua ib nrab - 45%.

Ib zaj dab neeg txaus nyiam yog kev txheeb xyuas cov cim los ntawm cov phom me me ntawm cov cuab yeej ntawm Soviet tso tsheb hlau luam. Nws tau pom tseeb rau TsNII-48 cov kws tsim khoom tias cov mos txwv zoo li no ua rau tsis muaj ntau tshaj li 37 mm txoj kab uas hla, tab sis nws nyuaj rau qhov txawv ntawm lawv los ntawm cov cuab yeej siv phom-tho 20-mm thiab 37-mm projectiles. Txij li qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm qhov txhab me me (14.7%), cov kws tshawb fawb xaus lus:

"Kev sib kis ntawm subcaliber plhaub hauv pab tub rog German thaum lub sijhawm txij lub Tsib Hlis txog Lub Xya Hli tuaj yeem suav tias tsis tseem ceeb."

Muaj nyob hauv tsab ntawv ceeb toom TsNII-48 thiab kev xav txog qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev swb ntawm T-34. Raws li qhov tseeb tias 50.5% ntawm txhua qhov kev swb yeej poob rau ntawm ob sab, nws tau txiav txim siab tias kev qhia tawm tswv yim ntawm Red Army cov tsheb thauj khoom tsis muaj zog. Cia peb rov qab qhia cov lus qhia rau Wehrmacht thaum pib ntawm tsab xov xwm, qhov uas nws tau hais tsis meej txog qhov tsis muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tua cov tank Soviet hauv lub hauv pliaj. Lwm txoj kev piav qhia yog qhov kev xav ntawm qhov ua tsis tau zoo los ntawm lub tank, kos rau hauv tus qauv tsim nws tus kheej, vim tias cov neeg coob tsuas tsis pom kev hem thawj ntawm ob sab. Raws li koj paub, T-34 tau txais tus thawj coj lub cupola tsuas yog xyoo 1943 thiab, tejzaum nws yog, raws li tsab ntawv ceeb toom no.

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