Vasily Vereshchagin - tub rog, kws ua yeeb yam, yawg suab

2024 Tus sau: Matthew Elmers | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-16 22:12

Vasily Vasilyevich Vereshchagin yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm yam tsis tshua pom ntawm cov kws ua yeeb yam Lavxias uas mob siab rau lawv lub neej rau kev sib ntaus sib tua nrag duab. Qhov no tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob, txij li Vereshchagin lub neej tag nrho tsis muaj kev sib txuas nrog cov tub rog Lavxias.

Cov neeg ib txwm paub Vereshchagin feem ntau yog tus sau ntawm cov duab zoo nkauj "Apotheosis of War" uas ua rau ib tus xav txog lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub neej, thiab tsuas yog cov neeg nyiam thiab cov kws tshaj lij ntawm cov kws tshaj lij Lavxias no paub tias nws txhuam kuj suav nrog cov duab ntawm ntau lwm cov tub rog, tsis muaj qhov ntxim nyiam thiab nthuav tawm hauv lawv tus kheej txoj kev.

Vasily Vereshchagin - tub rog, kws ua yeeb yam, yawg suab

Vasily Vereshchagin yug hauv 1842 hauv Cherepovets, hauv tsev neeg ntawm tus tswv av yooj yim. Txij thaum yau los, nws, zoo li nws cov kwv tij, tau txiav txim siab ua ntej los ntawm nws niam nws txiv rau kev ua tub rog: raws li tus tub muaj hnub nyoog cuaj xyoos, nws nkag mus rau hauv pab tub rog tub rog hauv St.

Txij thaum yau los, Vereshchagin tshee hnyo nrog nws tus ntsuj plig ua ntej ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev pleev xim: cov ntawv luam tawm nrov, cov duab ntawm tus thawj coj Suvorov, Bagration, Kutuzov, lithographs thiab kos duab ua yeeb yam rau cov tub ntxhais hluas Vasily, thiab nws npau suav ntawm kev ua ib tus kws kos duab.

Yog li ntawd, nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob uas tom qab siv sijhawm luv hauv pab tub rog Lavxias, Vasily Vasilyevich so haujlwm kom nkag mus rau Academy of Arts (nws kawm nyob ntawd txij xyoo 1860 txog 1863). Kev kawm ntawm Academy tsis txaus siab rau nws lub siab nyob tsis tswm, thiab cuam tshuam nws txoj kev kawm, nws tawm mus rau Caucasus, tom qab ntawd tsiv mus rau Paris, qhov uas nws kawm kos duab hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm Jean Léon Jerome, yog ib tus kws qhia ntawm Paris Tsev Kawm Ntawv Zoo Kev kos duab. Yog li, thaum mus ncig (thiab Vereshchagin yog cov neeg nyiam mus ncig, txhais tau tias tsis tuaj yeem zaum tau ib xyoos) ntawm Paris, Caucasus thiab St. Petersburg, Vasily Vasilyevich tau txais kev paub ua duab zoo, siv zog, raws li nws tus kheej hais, "kawm los ntawm sau keeb kwm ntawm keeb kwm ntawm lub ntiaj teb."

Kev ua haujlwm tiav, Vereshchagin kawm tiav los ntawm kev kos duab ntawm Paris Academy thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 1866, rov qab los rau nws lub tebchaws, mus rau St. Yog li, Vereshchagin xyoo 1868 pom nws tus kheej hauv Central Asia.

Ntawm no nws tau txais kev cai raus dej ntawm hluav taws - nws koom nrog hauv kev tiv thaiv ntawm Samarkand fortress, uas los ntawm qee lub sij hawm tau tawm tsam los ntawm pab tub rog ntawm Bukhara emir. Txog kev tiv thaiv tus phab ej ntawm Samarkand, Vereshchagin tau txais Kev Txiav Txim ntawm St. George, qib 4. Los ntawm txoj kev, qhov no tsuas yog qhov khoom plig uas Vereshchagin, uas tau lees paub tsis lees paub txhua qib thiab lub luag haujlwm (raws li muaj pov thawj, piv txwv li, los ntawm qhov xwm txheej tiag tiag ntawm Vasily Vasilyevich qhov tsis kam lees lub npe ntawm xibfwb ntawm Academy of Arts), lees txais thiab txaus siab hnav ntawm kev hnav khaub ncaws.

Thaum taug kev mus rau Central Asia, Vereshchagin tau yug los rau qhov hu ua "Turkestan series", uas suav nrog kaum peb daim duab ywj pheej, yim caum-ib txoj kev tshawb fawb thiab ib puas peb caug-peb daim duab-txhua qhov tsim raws li nws txoj kev taug mus tsis yog rau Turkestan, tab sis tseem mus rau sab qab teb Siberia, sab hnub poob Suav teb, thaj tsam toj roob hauv pes ntawm Tien Shan. "Turkestan Series" tau nthuav tawm ntawm kev nthuav qhia tus kheej ntawm Vasily Vasilyevich hauv London xyoo 1873, tom qab ntawd nws tuaj nrog cov duab pleev xim rau nthuav tawm hauv Moscow thiab St. Petersburg.

Lub apotheosis ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog. Dedicated rau txhua tus yeej loj, yav dhau los, tam sim no thiab yav tom ntej

Saib tawm

Cov tub rog raug mob

Cov style ntawm cov duab tha xim hauv kab ntawv no txawv heev rau cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Lavxias lub tsev kawm kos duab tiag, tsis yog txhua tus neeg pleev xim muaj peev xwm pom tau qhov zoo ntawm kev kos duab ntawm cov tub ntxhais hluas. Raws li qhov xav tau, cov duab no muaj kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm kev kov yeej huab tais, ib hom kev cais tawm ntawm lub hauv paus thiab kev lim hiam ntawm Sab Hnub Poob despots thiab qhov tseeb ntawm lub neej, txaus ntshai me ntsis rau tus neeg Lavxias uas tsis tau siv cov duab zoo li no. Cov koob tau ua los ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab nto moo "Apotheosis of War" (1870-1871, khaws cia hauv Tretyakov Gallery), uas piav txog cov pob txha taub hau hauv cov suab puam; ntawm tus ncej tau sau: "Dedicated to all the great conquerors: yav dhau los, tam sim no thiab yav tom ntej." Thiab cov ntawv sau no zoo li qhov kev txiav txim tsis muaj qhov txwv rau qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog.

Muaj tsawg kawg kawm paub txog kev tawm tsam Lavxias-Turkish tsov rog, Vereshchagin mus rau cov tub rog Lavxias uas nquag, tawm mus ib ntus nws lub rooj cob qhia Paris, uas nws tau ua haujlwm txij thaum nruab nrab-70s. Nov yog Vasily Vasilyevich tau nyob qib ntawm cov thawj ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm pab tub rog Danube, thaum muab txoj cai rau nws txav mus dawb ntawm cov tub rog, thiab nws siv txoj cai no nrog lub zog thiab lub hauv paus los qhia nws cov tswv yim tshiab-yog li hauv qab no nws txhuam maj mam yug los dab tsi tom qab yuav raug hu ua "Balkan series."

Hauv kev sib tw Lavxias-Turkish, ntau tus tub ceev xwm tau paub txog Vereshchagin ntau dua ib zaug thuam nws rau kev pheej hmoo nws lub neej thiab kaw cov yeeb yaj kiab uas nws xav tau hauv qab cov yeeb ncuab tua hluav taws… Ua.

Swb. Kev ua kev nco txog rau cov tub rog poob

Tom qab qhov kev tawm tsam. Hnav khaub ncaws chaw nres tsheb ze Plevna

Yeej

Thaum lub sijhawm Balkan phiaj xwm, Vereshchagin tseem koom nrog hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua tub rog. Thaum pib ntawm kev ua phem, nws raug mob hnyav, thiab yuav luag tuag los ntawm nws qhov txhab hauv tsev kho mob. Tom qab ntawd, Vasily Vasilyevich tau koom nrog qhov kev tawm tsam thib peb ntawm Plevna, thaum lub caij ntuj no xyoo 1877, nrog rau kev tshem tawm ntawm Mikhail Skobelev, nws hla Balkans thiab koom nrog hauv kev txiav txim siab sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Shipka ze lub zos Sheinovo.

Tom qab rov qab mus rau Paris, Vereshchagin pib ua haujlwm tshiab ntawm kev mob siab rau ua tsov rog xwb, thiab ua haujlwm nrog kev xav ntau dua li ib txwm muaj, nyob rau hauv lub xeev muaj kev nyuaj siab loj heev, ua haujlwm tsis so lossis tawm hauv kev cob qhia. "Balkan Series" suav nrog 30 daim duab, thiab hauv lawv Vereshchagin zoo li nyuaj rau kev tshaj tawm txoj haujlwm Pan-Slavist kev tshaj tawm, rov nco txog qhov yuam kev ntawm kev hais kom ua thiab tus nqi hnyav uas cov tub rog Lavxias tau them rau kev dim ntawm Bulgarians los ntawm tus quab Ottoman. Cov duab zoo tshaj plaws yog "Tus swb. Panikhida" (1878-1879, daim duab khaws cia hauv Tretyakov Gallery): hauv qab ntuj tsaus nti, tsaus ntuj, muaj thaj av loj nrog cov tub rog tuag, txaws nrog txheej nyias nyias. ntawm lub ntiaj teb. Daim duab no los ntawm melancholy thiab tsis muaj tsev nyob …

Nyob rau xyoo 90 ntawm XIX xyoo pua, Vasily Vereshchagin tau nyob hauv Moscow, qhov uas nws ua lub tsev rau nws tus kheej thiab nws tsev neeg. Txawm li cas los xij, kev nqhis dej rau kev rov taug dua yog tus tswv ntawm nws, thiab nws tau tawm ntawm kev taug kev, lub sijhawm no mus rau sab qaum teb ntawm Russia: nrog rau Sab Qaum Teb Dvina, mus rau Hiav Txwv Dawb, mus rau Solovki. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm txoj kev taug no rau Vereshchagin yog qhov pom ntawm cov duab kab lus piav qhia txog pawg ntseeg ntoo ntawm Lavxias Sab Qaum Teb. Hauv Lavxias cov yeeb yaj kiab, muaj ntau dua ib puas daim duab kos duab, tab sis tib lub sijhawm tsis muaj ib daim duab loj. Qhov no tuaj yeem piav qhia los ntawm qhov tseeb tias nyob rau tib lub sijhawm Vasily Vasilyevich tseem ua haujlwm tas li ntawm nws lub neej tag nrho - cov kab ntawv nthuav qhia txog kev ua tsov rog xyoo 1812, uas nws tau pib hauv Paris.

Yaroslavl. Lub sam thiaj ntawm lub Koom Txoos ntawm John the Baptist hauv Tolchkovo

Sab qaum teb Dvina

Lub sam thiaj ntawm lub tsev teev ntuj hauv lub zos. Tos kom lees txim

Txawm hais tias tau ua haujlwm hauv nws lub neej muaj tswv yim, Vereshchagin zoo siab heev xav tias nws qhov kev tshem tawm los ntawm kev ua yeeb yam dav dav ntawm Russia: nws tsis yog koom nrog ib qho ntawm cov zej zog cov duab thiab kev hloov pauv, nws tsis muaj cov tub ntxhais kawm thiab cov thwjtim, thiab txhua yam no tej zaum yuav tsis yooj yim rau nws to taub.

Txhawm rau kom qee yam tsis so, Vereshchagin chaw so rau nws txoj kev nyiam - nws mus ncig tebchaws Philippines (xyoo 1901), tom qab kev ua tsov rog Spanish -Asmeskas tsis ntev los no, xyoo 1902 nws mus ntsib Cuba ob zaug, tom qab ntawd mus rau Asmeskas, qhov twg nws pleev xim rau daim ntaub loj "Roosevelt's capture of Saint-Juan heights". Txog daim duab no, Thawj Tswj Hwm ntawm Tebchaws Meskas nws tus kheej tso rau Vereshchagin.

Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Vasily Vereshchagin tseem ua haujlwm hauv kev sau ntawv: nws sau cov ntawv sau txog tus kheej, sau ntawv mus ncig, sau cia, kab lus hais txog kev kos duab, nquag tshwm rau hauv xovxwm, thiab ntau yam ntawm nws cov ntawv yog kev tiv thaiv kev ua tub rog. Tsawg tus neeg paub txog qhov tseeb no, tab sis xyoo 1901 Vasily Vereshchagin tau raug xaiv los ua tus thawj Nobel Peace Prize.

Vereshchagin tau txais tos nrog lub tswb nrov los ntawm kev pib ntawm Tsov Rog -Japanese Tsov Rog, tau kawg, nws tsis tuaj yeem nyob deb ntawm cov xwm txheej uas - xws li yog nws qhov tsis xwm yeem. Thaum tau mus ntsib tus thawj coj ntawm Pacific Fleet, Admiral SO Makarov, thaum lub Plaub Hlis 13, 1904, nws tau mus rau hiav txwv ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Petropavlovsk kom ntes kev sib ntaus sib tua rau keeb kwm, thiab qhov kev tawm no yog rau nws kawg chord ntawm tag nrho nws lub neej - thaum sib ntaus "Petropavlovsk" tau tawg nyob rau sab nrauv txoj kev ntawm Port Arthur …

Nov yog qhov peb nco txog Vasily Vasilyevich Vereshchagin - tus kws ua yeeb yam uas ib txwm ua raws li kev tiv thaiv ntawm pab tub rog Lavxias, tus txiv neej uas sawv los daws kev thaj yeeb ntawm txhua qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb, thiab tsis txaus ntseeg, nws tus kheej tuag thaum sib ntaus sib tua.