Txij li lub sijhawm ua ntej kev tawm tsam, kev xav txog qib qis ntawm kev npaj cov phom loj yog ib qho laj thawj rau kev swb ntawm 2nd Pacific Squadron tau dhau los ua qhov ib txwm muaj. Peb tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv uas tuaj yeem lees paub lossis tsis lees paub cov lus piav qhia no, tab sis muaj ntau qhov chaw muaj, cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm qhov uas tso cai rau peb tsis tsuas yog ntsuas qhov kev qhia ntawm kev cob qhia cov tub rog Lavxias, tab sis kuj sib piv nws nrog qib kev qhia ntawm Nyij Pooj artillerymen raws li cov txheej txheem raws li kev ua kom raug.
Hauv peb txoj kev tshawb fawb me me, peb yuav vam khom feem ntau ntawm "Sijhawm ntawm kev tsoo ntawm cov nkoj Nyij Pooj" los ntawm lub vev xaib nto moo thiab cov ntaub ntawv los ntawm kab lus los ntawm D. Campbell "Kev sib ntaus ntawm Tsu-Shima", luam tawm xyoo 1978 hauv "Warship International" cov ntawv xov xwm. Raws li koj paub, tsab xov xwm yog ua raws cov ntaub ntawv khaws tseg los ntawm daim ntawv tshaj tawm ntawm tus kws soj ntsuam Askiv Tus Thawj Kav Tebchaws W. Pakenham (Tus Thawj Tub Rog William C. Pakenham), hais rau Tus Thawj Kav Tebchaws Askiv thiab luam tawm xyoo 1917.
Raws li koj paub, thaum Tsov Rog Tsushima, Lavxias 12 "lub plhaub tsoo lub zog barbette teeb tsa ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua" Fuji ", ntxiv rau, ntawm ob qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua Nyij Pooj thaum tua, txawm tias tiv thaiv kev ntsuas, yam ntxwv xwm txheej cuam tshuam nrog 12" riam phom-tho lub plhaub ntawm hom AR 2, lub hulls uas tau ua hauv Nyij Pooj. Lub sijhawm thiab tus naj npawb ntawm cov foob pob raug tua nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawm cov xwm txheej no tau qhia los ntawm W. Pekinham yuav pab peb tsis tsuas yog kwv yees kwv yees tus nqi ntawm cov phom tua phom, tab sis tseem ua rau nws muaj peev xwm xav tias muaj pes tsawg lub plhaub ntawm lub hauv paus loj tuaj yeem yog raug tua los ntawm plaub lub nkoj Nyij Pooj hauv 34 feeb thiab hauv 40 feeb, piv txwv li los ntawm lub sijhawm kev sib ntaus sib tua "Tub Vaj Ntxwv Suvorov" tau tawm mus ua haujlwm ntawm 14:44 (tom ntej no, lub sijhawm tau qhia ua lus Nyij Pooj) thiab los ntawm lub sijhawm sib ntaus sib tua "Oslyabya" tau ploj ntawm 14:50, feem.
1) Txoj cai rab phom tom qab barbette teeb tsa ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua "Fuji", uas tsis tau siv dua tom qab nws raug tsoo thaum 14:58 (raws li lwm qhov chaw, thaum 15:00) los ntawm qhov tawg ntawm lub foob pob Lavxias (qhov tshiab rab phom tau teeb tsa thaum Lub Rau Hli 16, 1905, kaum hnub tom qab rhuav tshem ib qho uas tau tawg), tau tua kaum ob lub plhaub hauv 47 feeb. Qhov nruab nrab qhov hluav taws kub rau rab phom no yuav yog 235 vib nas this rau ib lub plhaub. Thiaj li, hauv 34 feeb, rab phom tuaj yeem tua cuaj lub plhaub, hauv 40 feeb - kaum.
2) Txoj cai rab phom ntawm hneev barbette teeb tsa ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua "Shikishima", xiam oob qhab los ntawm lub plhaub tawg ntxov ua ntej thaum 16:13 (rab phom tshiab tau teeb tsa thaum Lub Rau Hli 18, 1905), tua kaum ib lub hauv siab tshaj plaws ntawm 79 feeb. Qhov nruab nrab qhov hluav taws kub rau rab phom no yuav yog 430 vib nas this rau ib lub plhaub. Thiaj li, hauv 34 feeb, rab phom tuaj yeem tua tsib lub plhaub, hauv 40 feeb - rau.
3) Txoj cai rab phom ntawm rab hneev barbette teeb tsa ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua "Mikasa", xiam oob qhab los ntawm lub plhaub tawg ntxov ua ntej thaum 18:02, tua nees nkaum yim lub foob pob ntev tshaj 134 feeb.
Qhov nruab nrab qhov hluav taws kub rau rab phom no yuav yog 287 vib nas this rau ib lub plhaub. Thiaj li, hauv 34 feeb rab phom tuaj yeem tua xya lub plhaub, hauv 40 feeb - yim.
Yog li, peb 12 "rab phom ntawm peb cov tub rog Nyij Pooj (" Mikasa "," Shikishima "thiab" Fuji ") thaum thawj peb caug-plaub feeb ntawm Tsushima sib ntaus tuaj yeem tua nees nkaum ib lub plhaub, thiab hauv plaub caug feeb-nees nkaum plaub. Vim tias tsis muaj tus sau thawj cov ntaub ntawv txhawm rau txiav txim siab qhov hluav taws kub ntawm 12 "Asahi phom rau lub sijhawm sib qhia, qhov nruab nrab qhov hluav taws kub ntawm lwm peb lub nkoj sib tw tau txais rau qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua, uas yog, xya thiab yim lub foob pob hauv 34 feeb thiab hauv 40 feeb, feem.
Cov lej suav ntxiv qhia tias tag nrho kaum rau 12 "phom ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua zaum 1 los ntawm lub sijhawm tub rog sib ntaus Prince Suvorov ua tsis tiav thaum 14:44 tuaj yeem tua txog 112, thiab thaum lub sijhawm sib ntaus sib tua Oslyabya tuag thaum 14:50 - txog 128 cov foob pob (suav tias yog los ntawm cov nkoj ntawm 1st thiab 2nd sib ntaus sib tua, txog 107 8 "shells thiab li 790 6" lub plhaub yuav raug tua mus rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua Oslyabya, ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm tsib thiab kaum ib lub plhaub, feem, yuav tau tsoo lub lub hom phiaj).
Ib qho txaus nyiam yog lo lus nug: pes tsawg lub plhaub ntawm lub hauv paus loj tuaj yeem tsoo lub hom phiaj?
Hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Port Arthur, nyob ntawm seb muaj pes tsawg 12 "phom tiag tiag tsoo lub hom phiaj, qhov tseeb ua tiav los ntawm Nyij Pooj nrog 12" phom ntawm 7, 32% txog 12, 12%, thiab hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Cape Shantung los ntawm 9.45 % rau 10.1%. Yog tias peb suav qhov loj tshaj ntawm cov ntsuas no (12, 12%) mus rau kev tua cov neeg Nyij Pooj sib ntaus sib tua hauv thawj theem ntawm Tsushima kev sib ntaus sib tua, thiab tom qab ntawd suav cov txiaj ntsig tau nce, peb tau txais ntau kawg ntawm kaum plaub 12 "lub plhaub uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev xav. Lavxias kev sib ntaus sib tua los ntawm lub sijhawm lawv tawm ntawm kev tsim lub nkoj "Tub Vaj Ntxwv Suvorov" thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm kaum rau 12 "lub plhaub, uas qhov kev xav tau tuaj yeem tsoo lub nkoj rog Lavxias thaum lub sijhawm tuag ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua" Oslyabya ".
Tam sim no cia peb sib piv kwv yees kaum plaub thiab kaum rau qhov ua tau ntawm Nyij Pooj 12 "lub plhaub nrog lub ntsej muag zoo ib yam uas tau tsoo cov nkoj Nyij Pooj. Lavxias sib ntaus sib tua, raws li" Sijhawm ntawm tsoo ntawm cov nkoj Nyij Pooj ", txij 14:07:40 txog 14.: 50 tswj kom ua tiav kaum ob lub npe ncaj los ntawm 12 "lub plhaub, suav nrog rau rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua" Mikasa "(14:14; 14:20; 14:21; 14:21; 14:22; 14:25; 14:47) thiab ib leeg rau hauv cov tub rog caij nkoj "Kassuga" (14:33); "Nisshin" (14:40); Azuma (14:50); Yakumo (14:26); Asama (14:28) thiab Iwate (14:30).
Txawm li cas los xij, muaj qhov laj thawj ntseeg tias qhov no tsis yog txhua qhov tsoo ntawm 12 "lub plhaub tau txais los ntawm cov nkoj Nyij Pooj thaum lub sijhawm raug txiav txim siab. los ntawm lub nkoj tiv thaiv tub rog "Azuma", lub nkoj tau txais peb zaug ntxiv. Hauv thawj kis, daim ntawv tshaj tawm kev sib ntaus hais txog "lub foob pob loj" uas tau tawg thaum 14:27:30 teev tsaus ntuj ntawm sab hnub poob, thiab ntau qhov tawg ntawm uas ya mus. ntawm lub sijhawm teev tseg saum lub nkoj ntawm lub nkoj. lub plhaub tsoo ntawm 14:37 li 12 "thiab piav qhia ntxaws ntxaws qhov cuam tshuam ntawm nws qhov tawg thiab qhov tshwm sim loj ntawm qhov ntaus no. Hauv qhov xwm txheej thib peb, nws tau hais txog 12 "puag ncig, uas thaum 14:47 tsoo lub phom ntawm txoj cai phom ntawm lub tsev pej thuam.
Tus naj npawb ntawm 12 "mos txwv tsoo ntawm ob sab, qhov siab tshaj ntawm 14-16 Nyij Pooj tiv thaiv yam tsawg kawg ntawm 12-15 Lavxias, yog sib piv. tawm tsam 16 Japanese. Muaj pes tsawg tus ntawm lawv tau raug rho tawm, nrog rau tus lej ntawm 12 "lub plhaub uas lawv tau tua, tsis paub. 12 "mos txwv uas tsoo lub nkoj Nyij Pooj, tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem xa mus rau" Dav dawb hau ", uas tau tua tsib caug 12" lub plhaub (ob lub tsho tiv thaiv riam phom thiab 48 lub foob pob tawg loj) thiab 345 6 "lub foob pob (23 riam phom-tho, 322 lub foob pob tawg loj)) hauv kev sib ntaus nruab hnub thaum lub Tsib Hlis 14, uas yog tsawg dua li kev siv cov mos txwv ntawm cov calibers zoo sib xws rau txhua qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua Nyij Pooj …
Nrog kwv yees li tus lej ntawm 12 foob pob hauv thawj plaub caug feeb, Cov hluav taws Nyij Pooj tau ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua li hluav taws Lavxias, uas tom qab (raws li kwv yees hauv nws tsab ntawv ceeb toom los ntawm Tus Thawj Coj W. Packenham) ua rau muaj kev sau sau ua phooj ywg, qee tus kws sau keeb kwm thiab cov neeg sau keeb kwm kom ua rau qhov ntsuas qhov tseeb raug tua ntawm Nyij Pooj …Txheeb xyuas qhov txiaj ntsig tau ua tiav los ntawm Nyij Pooj, tus neeg soj ntsuam Askiv tau hais tawm hauv nws daim ntawv tshaj tawm tseem ceeb, hauv nws lub tswv yim, ib feem ntawm kev ua tiav ntawm kev tawm tsam ntawm peb ob lub nkoj sib ntaus sib tua.
Sib piv cov txiaj ntsig ntawm ob qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua, nws tau sau tseg tias hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Cape Shantung, kev cia siab ntawm cov neeg Nyij Pooj tau dag, lawv 12 "mos txwv tsis tsuas yog tsis ua rau qhov kev puas tsuaj rau cov yeeb ncuab nkoj, tab sis kuj tsis ua rau ib leeg Qhov hluav taws kub hnyav rau lawv. Cov lus xaus tau ua, thiab qhov tshwm sim yog qhov tshwm sim. Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm tib lub shimosa ntawm cov nkoj ntawm 2 Pacific Squadron tau tshaj qhov kev cia siab ntawm nws cov kiv cua uas nquag tshaj plaws. uas lawv tau xa tom qab lub caij nplooj zeeg ntawm Port Arthur, cov mos txwv thauj mus los ntawm cov phom loj thiab nruab nrab rab phom tau hloov pauv thiab nce ntxiv. ntawm ib puas thiab kaum (30 riam phom-tho thiab 80 lub siab tawg). 12 "lub plhaub ntawm qhov tsis zoo (nyeem: Nyij Pooj) kev tsim khoom yog rau feem ntau hloov los ntawm cov plhaub ntawm kev tsim khoom txawv teb chaws, thiab txwv tsis pub siv cov plhaub uas seem ntxiv. Saib ua ntej, peb nco qab tias yog thaum Lub Xya Hli 28, 1904, "Mikasa" rho tawm 96 lub peev xwm, tom qab ntawd Tsushima sib ntaus nws tau tua tib lub 96 lub foob pob tawg loj ntawm lub hauv paus loj, tab sis tsuas yog 28 lub cuab yeej-tho.
Raws li Tus Thawj Coj W. Packenham, cov fuses qub tau hloov pauv nrog cov uas tsis nkag siab, tab sis txawm tias tom qab qhov ntsuas no
ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm lub zog ntawm shimosa tawg tau ploj los ntawm sab nraud ntawm 1.
Txawm li cas los xij, kev sib piv ntawm cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas qhov chaw pov tseg chaw nres nkoj Arthur thiab "Dav dawb hau" tau qhia tias ua ntej pom qhov hloov pauv fuse, lub zog poob ntawm shimosa tawg tau ntau dua, uas, hauv peb qhov kev xav, yog qhov tseeb. qhia los ntawm cov lus tseeb hauv qab no. Los ntawm 14:48 lub qhov hluav taws xob tseem ceeb thiab lub tog raj kheej tom qab ntawm "Tus Tub Vaj Ntxwv Suvorov" raug tua, thaum nyob rau ntawm "Tsesarevich" cov kav dej tom qab tau tiv thaiv, txawm tias raug tsoo los ntawm ob 12 "lub foob pob tawg loj. Raws li nws tau hais ua ntej, ntawm 9/ 10 txoj kab uas hla tawg los ntawm kev tawg ntawm "lub thawv rau khaub ncaws." Raws li tau hais hauv daim ntawv tshaj tawm, tsis muaj ib qho kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Port Arthur tau txais kev puas tsuaj los ntawm ib qhov (tawg loj) qhov projectile piv rau qhov kev puas tsuaj los ntawm Eagle thaum ntaus los ntawm (qhov tawg loj) projectile ntawm tib lub peev xwm. Txhua lub plhaub tsoo (hauv Tsushima sib ntaus sib tua) ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua li nws tau ua dhau los.
Ntxiv rau qhov fuses tshiab, raws li Tus Thawj Coj W. Packenham, qhov zaus ntawm kev tsoo hauv Tsushima sib ntaus kuj cuam tshuam. Ua ntej tsis ua tiav, "Tsarevich" tau txais txog kaum tsib tsoo 12 "phom," Tub Vaj Ntxwv Suvorov ", raws li peb kwv yees kwv yees, txog tus lej tib yam. Tsarevich" tau txais thawj 12 "lub plhaub ntawm 13:05, thiab qhov kawg - thaum txog 18 Ib: 45.
Ntxiv nrog rau cov xwm txheej saum toj no, uas, hauv kev xav ntawm tus kws tshaj lij Askiv, tau pab txhawb kev ua tiav ntawm Nyij Pooj, nws yog qhov yuav tsum tau hais txog lwm tus uas peb paub los ntawm cov peev txheej hauv tebchaws. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, nws yog qhov tsim nyog hais txog kev faib khoom tau zoo ntawm "lub thawv rau khaub ncaws", qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tawg uas tau ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj rau ob qho tib si tsis saib xyuas thaum ua haujlwm thiab qhov tsis txaus siab ntawm kev tsim kho, ntxiv rau ntawm qhov tsim tsis raug ntawm cov chav nyob ib leeg thiab cov khoom ntawm cov nkoj: los ntawm qhov qub rau dej nyab "Oslyabi" cov thawv ntim khoom hauv qab, ntu ntu me me uas tsis tau tso cai ncaj cov npe ntawm lub nkoj, mus rau lub rooj sib txoos ntawm "Prince Suvorov", cov nceb zoo li ntawm lub ru tsev uas rov qab ntes tau cov tawg uas pom los ntawm hauv qab no thiab qhia lawv sab hauv lub log tsheb. Hais txog qhov ntsuas qhov muag pom, ib tus tsis tuaj yeem hais tsis tau hais tias muaj ob tus ntawm "Tub Vaj Ntxwv Suvorov" (FA 3), thiab ob qho tib si tau siv tsis tau los ntawm cov khoom tawg uas poob rau hauv lub rooj sib txoos ntawm 14: 23-14: 27 vim lub tsev ntauwd tsis ua tiav. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua "Mikasa" txhua qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua tau txiav txim siab los ntawm ib qho FA 2 rangefinder (thiab tsis yog kaum ob, raws li AS Novikov-Priboy tau thov), uas tau ua haujlwm los ntawm midshipman K. Hasegawa (tus cim Kiyoshi Hasegawa), uas sawv ntsug qhib ntawm tus choj ze Admiral Togo. Kev pom qhov muag pom ntawm Lieutenant Perepyolkin ntawm xyoo 1899 tus qauv ntawm lub xyoo, tom qab thawj zaug cov kwj deg, pib pos huab los ntawm cov hmoov av uas tsis haus luam yeeb, tshuaj tsuag thiab haus luam yeeb los ntawm kev tawg ntawm cov yeeb ncuab lub plhaub, thiab kev poob siab los ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj sai thiab yooj yim. mismatched qhov ntsuas pom, lub hom phiaj kab nws tus kheej thiab lub axis ntawm rab phom. Thaum lub Plaub Hlis 14, 1905, Nyij Pooj tau txais qhov tsom iav tsom iav tshiab kawg los ntawm J. Hicks, Hatton Garden”, zoo tshaj qhov lawv muaj ua ntej. Cov phom uas tsis haus luam yeeb, uas tau siv rau hauv kev tsub nqi, tom qab nyob ntev hauv cov tropics, vim yog cov dej ntws tawm ntawm ether, hloov nws cov khoom siv tshuaj. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, nws cov peev txheej ballistic kuj tau hloov pauv. Cov rooj tua hluav taws tau suav sau rau rab phom nrog qee tus yam ntxwv, thiab tsub nqi rau hauv rab phom nrog lwm tus. Cov cuab yeej tswj hluav taws tsis ua haujlwm sai tom qab pib sib ntaus. Hauv lub sijhawm luv tshaj plaws, cov xov hlau ntawm ntau lub nkoj tau raug puas ntsoog, los ntawm cov lus qhia uas tau xa tawm los ntawm lub rooj sib txoos mus rau Geisler tus xov tooj. Txhua tus neeg lis haujlwm hauv plutong yuav tsum txiav txim siab qhov nrug deb ntawm qhov muag, vim li ntawd, peb, tsis pom kev poob ntawm peb lub plhaub, raug rho tawm yam tsis paub qhov deb. Ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua Nyij Pooj, xaj xaj txog kev taw qhia ntawm hluav taws thiab qhov deb mus rau lub hom phiaj tau xa los ntawm tus choj nrog kev pab ntawm tshuab raj, ua ntej los ntawm tus neeg xa xov, thiab tom qab ntawd xa rov qab rau hauv daim ntawv xaj xaj sau rau ntawm cov laug cam.
Cov lus xaus, peb tuaj yeem hais tias nrog qhov pib ntawm Tsushima kev sib ntaus sib tua, ntau yam tsis zoo tshwm sim maj mam pib cuam tshuam rau qhov raug rho tawm ntawm Lavxias kev sib ntaus sib tua (uas cov neeg tua phom Nyij Pooj tsis tau ntsib), ua ke nrog kev puas tsuaj rau cov khoom, uas maj mam txo qhov kev qhia ntaus rog ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias mus rau yam tsis muaj dab tsi.
