Hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab ua yeeb yaj kiab, cov tub rog German feem ntau suav hais tias yog siv riam phom tshwj xeeb nrog rab phom submachine (PP) MP38 / 40, los ntawm qhov uas Nazis tua hluav taws ntev ntev, siv yam tsis muaj lub hom phiaj. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tseeb, kev faib ua feem ntawm cov tub rog ua tub rog nrog PPs hauv Wehrmacht tau qis dua li hauv Pawg Tub Rog. Feem ntau ntawm cov tub rog German tub rog tau siv phom ntev. Ib qho ntxiv, ntxiv rau MP38 / 40, Cov Neeg German muaj ntau hom phom submachine ntau dua. Hauv ib nrab ntawm kev ua tsov rog nyob hauv Tebchaws Yelemees, rab phom tshuab tau tsim los rau nruab nrab daim cartridge, uas tau nquag siv rau hauv kev ua phem.
Hauv kev tshaj tawm yav dhau los ntawm kev siv cov phom German ntes hauv USSR, ib tus neeg hais lus thuam kuv rau qhov tseeb tias lub npe ntawm tsab xov xwm tsis sib haum rau nws cov ntsiab lus thiab qhov kev saib xyuas ntau dhau tau them rau cov yam ntxwv thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov qauv hauv nqe lus nug. Txawm li cas los xij, kuv xav tias yam tsis tau piav qhia luv luv ntawm riam phom uas raug ntes los ntawm Red Army, tus nyeem yuav tsis muaj lub tswv yim ua tiav ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm zaj dab neeg.
German submachine phom
Thawj PP nkag mus rau kev pabcuam nrog Kaiser cov tub rog xyoo 1918, tsis ntev uantej thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Kawg xaus. Paub tias yog MP18 (German Maschinenpistole 18), qhov riam phom tsis siv neeg thim rov qab no feem ntau yog npaj rau kev ua phem rau pawg neeg. 9mm Parabellum submachine rab phom tau tsim los ntawm Hugo Schmeisser thiab tsim los ntawm Bergmann Industriewerke.
Hauv qhov chaw tua, MP18 (nyob ntawm seb hom thiab peev xwm ntawm lub khw) hnyav 4, 84-5, 25 kg. Ntev - 815 hli. Ntev ntev - 200 hli. Thawj Trommelmagazin 08 tau siv rau 32 qhov kev sib tw. Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab ntawv tshaj tawm PPs tau nruab nrog cov ntawv xov xwm uas muaj peev xwm ntawm 20 lossis 32 puag ncig. Tus nqi hluav taws kub txog 500 rds / min. Cov mos txwv mos txwv tshaj tawm - 380 m / s. Kev tua hluav taws zoo - 100 m.
MP18 rab phom submachine, txawm tias siv zog tsim khoom thiab teeb meem cuam tshuam nrog kev ntseeg tau ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm, feem ntau ua tau zoo. Txog rau thaum kawg ntawm kev ua phem rau Sab Hnub Poob, cov tub rog tau txais txog 10,000 MP18 lub phom phom. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, ntau dua 17,000 ntawm lawv tau tsim ntawm cov tuam txhab German. Tom qab ntawd, raws li MP18, txhim kho PP tau tsim, thiab nws tus kheej tau dhau los ua tus qauv hauv lwm lub tebchaws. Hauv lub sijhawm sib cav, MP18 txuas ntxiv ua haujlwm, thiab ntau tus PPs ntawm hom no tau siv rau Sab Hnub Tuaj.
MP28 rab phom submachine (German Maschinenpistole 28), uas tau tshwm sim xyoo 1928, yog txhim kho MP18. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm MP28 thiab MP18 yog kev siv cov ntawv xov xwm txhim kho rau 32 puag ncig thiab muaj peev xwm tua hluav taws ib zaug. Qhov hnyav ntawm riam phom tau txo los ntawm 200 g. Tus so ntawm cov yam ntxwv tseem zoo ib yam.
Xyoo 1932, tus tsim qauv Emil Bergmann (tom qab muag txoj cai los tsim MP18 rau Swiss kev txhawj xeeb SIG) tsim BMP-32 lub tshuab siv phom. Xyoo 1934, raws li BMP-32 tsim, txhim kho BMP-34 hloov kho dua tshiab. Cov riam phom no tau muab tshwj xeeb rau kev xa tawm. Qhov sib txawv hu ua MP34 / Kuv chambered rau 9mm Parabellum daim cartridge tau tsim rau tub ceev xwm German. Xyoo 1935, kev hloov kho ntawm MP35 tau tshwm sim, uas tau txais los ntawm Wehrmacht xyoo 1939. Sab nrauv, PPs tsim los ntawm Bergmann zoo ib yam li Schmeisser cov qauv, tab sis txawv ntawm lawv tsis yog tsuas yog nyob ntawm qhov chaw sab xis ntawm lub khw, tab sis kuj muaj ntau tus qauv tsim thawj.
Zoo li MP18, rab phom MP35 siv lub tshuab rov qab. Qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov riam phom yog rab riam kov, uas nyob rau tom qab kawg ntawm tus ntsia thawv ntsia hlau thiab zoo ib yam li rab phom rab phom. Thaum tua, tus ntsia liaj qhov rooj tseem nyob ruaj khov. Ib nrab rub tawm ntawm qhov txhais tau muab txhaj ib zaug, thiab tag nrho - tsis siv neeg hluav taws. Sights tau tsim rau thaj tsam ntawm 100 txog 500 meters. Qhov hnyav ntawm riam phom hauv qhov chaw tua (nrog ntawv xov xwm rau 32 puag ncig) yog 4.6 kg. Ntev - 840 hli. Tus nqi hluav taws 550-600 rds / min.
Lub phom MP35 submachine muaj kev ua haujlwm zoo heev, raug qhov tseeb thiab ruaj khov hauv qhov hluav taws kub tsis siv neeg. Nws qhov kev ntseeg tau siab dua li ntawm cov qauv yav dhau los. MP35 kev xa khoom mus rau cov tub rog German tau ua los ntawm 1940 txog 1944. Lub sijhawm no, ntau dua 40,000 PPs ntawm hom no tau tsim. Thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II, lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm MP35 tau siv los ntawm SS pab tub rog.
Cov phom nrov German uas nrov tshaj plaws los ntawm Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob yog MP40, tsim los ntawm Heinrich Vollmer. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov riam phom no tau ua ntej los ntawm lwm tus PPs, zoo ib yam hauv qhov tsos thiab tsim. Txij li thaum nruab nrab-1920s, Reichswehr tau zais nyiaj txiag txhim kho kev tsim cov phom phom tshiab, thiab Heinrich Volmer tsim tus lej ntawm cov qauv, qee qhov uas tau coj mus rau theem ntawm kev tsim khoom ntau.
Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, tsawg kawg 10 txhiab EMP submachine rab phom tau tsim hauv Tebchaws Yelemees, tab sis qhov ntim qhov tseeb ntawm kev tsim khoom tsis paub, thiab feem ntau ntawm lawv tau npaj rau cov neeg siv khoom txawv teb chaws. Ib pawg ntawm cov phom submachine no xyoo 1936 tau xaj los ntawm SS, uas siv cov phom submachine thoob plaws Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob.
Tom qab Nazis tau los ua hwj chim, Erfurter Maschinenfabrik (ERMA) tau qhia txog EMP36 lub tshuab rab phom, tseem hu ua MP36. Piv rau MP18 thiab MP28, nws yog riam phom yooj yim dua thiab pheej yig dua.
Lub caj dab ntawm lub khw MP36 tau txav mus. Muaj tseeb, tsis nruj me ntsis ntsug rau ntawm rab phom ntawm riam phom, tab sis nrog me ntsis offset mus rau sab laug. Qhov kev txiav txim siab no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm kov yeej qhov tsis txaus ntawm German-ua submachine phom, uas cuam tshuam nrog kev teeb tsa ib sab ntawm cov khw muag khoom. Kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm lub ntiajteb txawj nqus mus rau lub dav hlau ntawm qhov sib npaug ntawm rab phom submachine tau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau qhov raug ntawm qhov hluav taws kub (tsis hais txog ntawm lub khw muag khoom).
Tom qab pawg MP36 nkag mus rau kev sim ua tub rog, nws hloov tawm tias riam phom hauv nws daim ntawv tam sim no tsis tau raws li qhov xav tau niaj hnub no thiab xav tau kev txhim kho. Coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov kev xav tau ntawm Wehrmacht txoj kev tswj kev ua tub rog, lub zog tshiab PP nrog lub pob tw tau tsim, npaj rau tankers thiab paratroopers. Txhawm rau txo qhov hnyav ntawm riam phom, cov thev naus laus zis tshiab thiab cov khoom siv tau siv. Lub hauv ntej tau ua los ntawm yas, thiab rab yaj phom tuav tau ua los ntawm txhuas hlau. Hauv kev tsim qauv ntawm PP no tsis muaj ntoo ib feem: tsuas yog hlau thiab yas, uas yooj yim heev thiab ua cov txheej txheem tsim khoom pheej yig dua.
Lub MP38 submachine rab phom muaj kev hloov pauv rau xyoo 1930s lig. Nws tau dhau los ua thawj qhov khoom siv ua phom loj nrog cov khoom ntim khoom. Lub xub pwg tuav thiab cov ntoo ua ntej siv hauv MP36 tau raug tshem tawm ntawm qhov tsim. Thaum tua, riam phom tau tuav los ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm zes. Ib qho ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm PP no tseem yog qhov nruab nrab ntawm qhov hluav taws kub (nyob ntawm lub zog ntawm daim cartridge siv 480-600 rds / min) thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo ntawm kev siv tshuab, uas nce qhov raug thiab tswj tau. Txhawm rau txo tus nqi hluav taws, ib qho pneumatic recoil buffer tau nkag rau hauv qhov tsim. Txawm hais tias tsis muaj tus neeg txhais lus rau hom hluav taws, tus kws tshaj lij tua phom, ntsuas lub sijhawm rau nias lub tswb, tuaj yeem ua tiav ib zaug. Lub receiver yog cylindrical. Ntawm lub thoob hauv lub qhov ncauj muaj qhov qis dua rau kev txhim kho riam phom hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm cov tsheb sib ntaus. Lub taub qab hlau khawm hauv qhov chaw khaws cia.
Qhov ntev ntawm MP38 nrog lub taub hau nthuav tawm yog 833 hli, nrog cov khoom sib dhos - 630 hli. Ntev ntev - 251 hli. Qhov hnyav yam tsis muaj daim cartridges - 4, 18 kg, nrog cartridges - 4, 85 kg. Lub peev xwm ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm - 32 puag ncig. Cov chaw pom muaj qhov pom ntawm sab xub ntiag, tiv thaiv los ntawm lub ntsej muag pom tom ntej, thiab hla hla kev pom tom qab, uas tso cai tsom mus tua ntawm 100 thiab 200 meters. Kev tua hluav taws zoo tsis tshaj 100-120 m.
ERMA tau txais tsoomfwv xaj xaj phom submachine hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm xyoo 1938. Tom qab kev sim tub rog, kev sim ua MP38 tau raug lees paub ua haujlwm thaum Lub Rau Hli 1938. Cov phom submachine tshiab tau txais zoo ntawm cov tub rog. Nws tau dhau los ua qhov yooj yim dua li muaj yav dhau los MP18 thiab MP28. Kev ua haujlwm tau zoo thiab kev tsim tawm zoo ua kom ntseeg tau ntawm kev siv tshuab. Nrog kev saib xyuas kom raug, cov peev txheej ntawm riam phom ntau dua 25,000 puag ncig. MP38 yog lub teeb txaus, nrog cov khoom ntim, nws muaj qhov me me, vim qhov uas nws yooj yim los tswj nws thaum sib ntaus sib tua hauv tsev thiab sab hauv tsheb. Ua tsaug rau qhov muaj kev nyab xeeb tseem ceeb, PP no tuaj yeem yooj yim zom cov cartridges ntawm lub zog nce.
Thaum xub thawj, MP38 tau npaj rau cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov tsheb tub rog, cov tub rog caij nkoj, cov neeg hais lus, cov tub ceev xwm hauv tsev, tus lej thib ob ntawm cov kws siv phom tshuab thiab cov tub ceev xwm koom nrog kev ua phem. Tab sis tom qab ntawd, lwm pawg ntawm cov neeg ua tub rog tau ua tub rog nrog cov phom no. Thaum pib ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum II, cov tub rog German muaj txog 9,000 MP38. Nws tsis tuaj yeem tsim kom muaj pes tsawg tus MP38 tsim tawm, tab sis ntau qhov chaw hais tias kwv yees li 25,000 chav nyob tau tsim.
Raws li cov phiaj xwm ntawm Wehrmacht hais kom ua, txhua lub tuam txhab tub rog yuav tsum muaj 14-16 rab phom submachine. Coj mus rau hauv tus account qhov tseeb tias qhov ntau ntawm MP38 tsis tau tso cai rau ua kom cov tub rog nrawm nrog cov naj npawb ntawm PPs xav tau, nws tau txiav txim siab txhim kho tus nqi pheej yig dua thiab siv thev naus laus zis ntau dua nrog rau kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab kev ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb.
Thaum pib xyoo 1940, kev tsim cov phom MP40 submachine tau pib, uas tau tsim los ntawm MP38, tab sis muaj kev tsim qauv thev naus laus zis ntau dua. Piv rau MP38, MP40 muaj ntau qhov chaw thwj cim. Ua tsaug rau qhov no, nws muaj peev xwm txo qis kev siv zog ntawm kev tsim khoom thiab txo qhov hnyav rau 3, 96 kg. Sab nrauv, MP40 txawv ntawm MP38 hauv qhov du (tsis muaj tav tav) sab saum toj ntawm rooj plaub thiab cov ntawv xov xwm sib txawv.
Cov cuab yeej ntawm MP38 fuse ua rau muaj kev thuam ntau. Hauv qhov no, lub fuse tshiab tau qhia rau ntawm MP40, uas nyob ntawm sab xis ntawm rab phom submachine thiab kho qhov ntsia liaj qhov rooj nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm pem hauv ntej. Raws li kev paub ua haujlwm, txij li xyoo 1942, txhav txhav txhav tau pib ua ntawm lub zes ntawm lub khw.
Thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom ntawm MP40, kev hloov pauv tau tas li ua rau nws lub cuab yeej. Qee qhov sib txawv ntawm MP40 tso tawm tom qab xyoo 1943 tsis muaj lub tshuab pneumatic retarder thiab muaj lub zog rov qab los caij nplooj ntoo hlav. Qhov no, nyeg, nce tus nqi hluav taws kub mus rau 750 rds / min thiab cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau kev ntseeg tau ntawm riam phom.
Qee tus MP40s muaj xov hauv qhov ncauj ntawm lub thoob, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm teeb tsa cov twj ntsiag to thiab tsis muaj nplaim taws rau lawv. Txhawm rau txo suab nrov zoo, tshwj xeeb Nahpatrone 08 daim cartridges nrog lub mos txwv hnyav thiab yuav tsum tau txo cov hmoov ntau ntxiv. Nrog rau qhov pib qhov nrawm ntawm 280-290 m / s, qhov kev tua tau zoo tsis tshaj 50 m.
Cov phom submachine MP40 feem ntau tau txais los ntawm paratroopers, cov neeg soj xyuas, cov tub ceev xwm hais kom tub ceev xwm thiab cov tub rog caij tsheb. Hauv tag nrho, ntau dua 1 lab MP40 tau tsim tawm thaum kawg ntawm xyoo 1944. Qhov no ua rau nws ua tau tsuas yog ib nrab ua tau raws li qhov xav tau rau PP, thiab hauv kev ua tub rog ntawm "Peb Reich" thoob plaws hauv kev ua rog muaj qhov tsis txaus ntawm riam phom zoo li no. Kev ua kom txaus ntawm cov tub rog German nrog cov phom submachine tsis siab, cov thawj coj ntawm pab pawg thiab platoons tau ua tub rog nrog MP40s, lawv muaj feem ntau ntawm cov tub rog, tsheb thauj khoom thiab paratroopers.
Zoo li txhua yam riam phom, MP40 muaj qhov tsis zoo: ntev, muaj zog nthuav tawm cov ntawv xov xwm ua rau nws nyuaj rau hluav taws los ntawm txoj haujlwm nquag, uas yuam kom nws nce siab dua hauv av. Tus tuav tes nyob ntawm sab laug thaum nqa riam phom hauv "ntawm lub hauv siab" txoj haujlwm nias tus tswv lub hauv siab, ua rau nws tsis xis nyob. Vim tias tsis muaj lub thawv ntim khoom thaum lub sijhawm tua ntev, muaj qhov tshwm sim siab ntawm kev kub nyhiab. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb yog qhov txuas ntxiv ntawm qhov ua tau zoo: hinges ntawm cov hlau folding tau dhau los ua qhov tsis ntseeg tau thiab xoob sai sai, uas ua rau cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau qhov raug tua.
Vim yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm cov khoom sib dhos thiab xav tau kom txaus cov tub rog nyob nrog cov phom submachine, xyoo 1941 Hugo Schmeisser nthuav tawm MP41 rau kev sim. Qhov riam phom no tau siv ntoo ntoo nrog cov khoom lag luam, tus tuav thiab lub foob los ntawm MP28 thiab lub thoob nrog lub thawv ntsia liaj qhov rooj, ntsia liaj qhov rooj thiab lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav rov qab los ntawm MP40. Tsis zoo li MP38 thiab MP40, MP41 muaj tus txhais lus rau hom hluav taws.
Tag nrho qhov ntev ntawm MP41 kwv yees li sib xws rau qhov ntev ntawm MP38 thiab MP40 nrog cov khoom nthuav tawm. Qhov hnyav hauv qhov chaw tua hluav taws yog 4.6 kg. Ua tsaug rau kev ruaj ntseg zoo dua thiab muaj peev xwm tua hluav taws ib zaug, MP41 tau raug dua. Kev tsim cov lej ntawm MP41 tau ua los ntawm C. G. Haenel. Tab sis tib lub sijhawm, kev siv dav ntawm MP41 tau cuam tshuam los ntawm tus nqi ntau dua thiab hloov pauv tau zoo rau kev tsim khoom ntau. Hauv tag nrho, kwv yees li 26,000 daim ntawv, uas feem ntau mus rau SS pab tub rog.
Thaum kawg ntawm kev ua tsov rog hauv tebchaws Yelemes, tau tsim cov phom surmate submachine, uas lawv tau sim tshem tawm qhov tsis txaus ntawm caj npab me. Feem ntau, cov khoom siv tes ua no tau ua tsis tau zoo thiab cov yam ntxwv sib ntaus tsis zoo. Ib qho kev zam yog Italian PP Beretta M38 / 42, xaiv MP 738 (i) hauv Tebchaws Yelemees. Tom qab Ltalis thim rov qab los ntawm kev ua rog, lawv tau sim tsim kev tsim khoom ntawm MP 738 (i) ntawm cov tuam txhab German. Nws ntseeg tias cov neeg German tuaj yeem muaj txog li 150,000 MP 738 (i) raug ntes hauv Ltalis thiab tsim tawm hauv lawv tus kheej cov chaw tsim khoom.
Qhov hnyav ntawm MP 738 (i) hauv qhov chaw tua yog 4, 14 kg. Riam phom ntev - 800 hli. Ntev ntev - 213 hli. Tus nqi hluav taws - 550 rds / min. Kev tua hluav taws ib zaug thiab tsis siv neeg tau muab los ntawm ob qhov ua rau. Cov ntawv xov xwm rau 10, 20, 30 thiab 40 puag ncig. Qhov pom kev ntau - txog 200 m.
Kev sib piv ntawm German thiab Soviet submachine phom
Xyoo 1940, hauv kev faib tub rog German, lub xeev yuav tsum muaj 312 rab phom submachine. Raws li Lub Rau Hli 22, 1941, xyoo 1941, Cov tub rog German koom nrog hauv kev tawm tsam USSR tuaj yeem muaj ntau dua 150,000 MP28, MP35, MP38 thiab MP40. Hauv USSR, los ntawm nruab nrab xyoo 1941, ntau dua 85,000 PPD-34/38 thiab PPD-40 tau tsim.
Coj mus rau hauv tus account ib xyoos ntawm kev tsim khoom, nws yuav tsim nyog los sib piv cov phom MP40 thiab PPD-40. Hauv cov ntsiab lus tsim, Soviet PPD-40 yog qhov qub, thiab lub tswv yim muaj ntau yam zoo ib yam nrog German MP18 thiab MP28. Qhov tseem ceeb ntawm PPD-40, zoo li txhua PPs ntawm thawj tiam, tau ua los ntawm cov tshuab txiav hlau, uas coj mus rau kev tsim khoom qis thiab tus nqi siab. Hauv MP40, tsim los ntawm MP38, qhov feem ntawm cov khoom ntim tau ntau dua. Txawm li cas los xij, MP40 kuj tau dhau los ua kim heev thiab nyuaj rau kev tsim khoom, uas tom qab yuam cov neeg German nrhiav kev hloov pauv rau nws.
Lub phom PPM -40 rab phom loj dua thiab muaj qhov ntev 788 hli, hnyav hauv qhov chaw sib ntaus - 5, 45 kg. Ntev ntev - 244 hli. Cov mos txwv mos txwv tshaj tawm - 490 m / s. Qhov pom tau tsim rau qhov deb li ntawm 500 m, tab sis qhov kev tua tau zoo tsis tshaj 200 m. Tus nqi hluav taws kub yog 1000 rds / min. Muaj hluav taws txhais lus. Lub peev xwm ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm nruas yog 71 puag ncig.
Thaum Tsov Rog Zaum Kawg nrog Finland, nws tau hloov pauv tias lub luag haujlwm ntawm rab phom submachine los ntawm kev hais kom ua ntawm Pab Pawg Liab tau saib tsis dhau, thiab yog li ntawd, txij Lub Ib Hlis 1940, txhua qhov kev cob qhia koom nrog tsim PPD tau hloov mus rau peb txoj haujlwm hloov pauv. Tib lub sijhawm, PPD-40 niaj hnub no tseem kim heev thiab nyuaj rau kev tsim khoom. Nws tau pom meej heev tias PPD-40 hauv nws daim ntawv tam sim no yog ntsuas ib ntus, thiab Red Army xav tau rab phom xa xov tshiab.
Twb nyob rau thaum xaus xyoo 1941, nws tau hloov pauv los ntawm PPSh-41, hloov pauv ntau rau kev tsim khoom ntau (txawm tias tsis ntseeg siab), kev txhim kho uas tau pib ua ke nrog kev xa tawm ntawm cov khoom loj ntawm PPD-40. Shpagin rab phom submachine tuaj yeem tsim tawm ntawm txhua lub tuam txhab lag luam nrog cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob qis, uas tau dhau los ua qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thaum Tsov Rog Tsov Rog Loj.
Sab nraud, PPD-40 thiab PPSh-41 zoo ib yam, ob qho tib si muaj tus txais nrog faus lub tog raj kheej, ntsia liaj qhov rooj nrog kev nyab xeeb xauv ntawm tus kov, tus neeg txhais lus tua hluav taws hauv tus tiv thaiv ua ntej ntawm qhov ua kom pom, rov qab pom dua thiab ntoo ntoo. Tab sis tib lub sijhawm, PPSh-41 zoo dua rau kev tsim khoom loj. Tsuas yog lub thoob xav tau kev ua haujlwm zoo, tus ntsia liaj qhov rooj tau tig rau ntawm lub tshuab dhos. Yuav luag tag nrho lwm qhov hlau tuaj yeem ua los ntawm kev thim nyiaj. Kev tsim khoom ntawm PPSh-41 tsis xav tau cov ntaub ntawv uas tsis txaus hauv lub sijhawm ua rog, xws li cov hlau phom loj.
Thaum pib, PPSh-41 tau nruab nrog cov ntawv xov xwm nruas los ntawm PPD-40. Tab sis vim yog qhov tseeb tias cov ntawv xov xwm nruas hauv kev sib ntaus tsis txaus ntseeg, tsis tas yuav hnyav thiab kim rau kev tsim khoom, thiab tseem xav tau kev kho tus kheej rau txhua qhov tshwj xeeb rab phom submachine, xyoo 1942 rau PPSh-41 lawv tau tsim cov ntawv xov xwm nrog muaj peev xwm 35 puag ncig.
Thaum pib, PPSh-41 kev pom zoo ib yam li ntawm PPD-40. Txawm li cas los xij, cov ntawv yooj yim tom qab tau tsim nrog ntuav hla 100 thiab 200 meters. Ib rab phom submachine nrog cov ntawv xov xwm disk hnyav 5.3 kg, nrog rau ib feem - 4, 15 kg. Ntev - 843 mm, chim ntev - 269 mm. Cov mos txwv mos txwv tshaj tawm - 500 m / s. Tus nqi hluav taws - 1000 rds / min.
PPSh-41 tau dhau los ua neeg thoob plaws; kwv yees li 6 lab daim ntawv tau tsim thaum lub sijhawm ua rog. Qhov no ua rau nws muaj peev xwm saturate Red Army nrog pheej yig riam phom tsis siv neeg. Txawm hais tias qee qhov tsis txaus thiab thov kom ua tau zoo, PPSh-41 tau lees paub nws tus kheej. Nws qhov tsim nyog rau kev tsim khoom ntau, kev sib ntaus thiab kev ua haujlwm yam ntxwv ua tau zoo sib xws rau qhov xav tau.
Kev siv lub thawv muaj zog 7, 62 × 25 mm TT tau muab qhov kom zoo dua nyob hauv thaj tsam ntawm German PPs, qhov hluav taws kub uas raug rho tawm nrog 9-hli Parabellum cartridges. Txawm hais tias nyob deb li ntawm 100 m (vim muaj kev tswj tau zoo dua thiab txo qis hluav taws), MP38 thiab MP40 tau raug ntau dua thaum tua nyob rau hauv qhov tawg me me, tom qab ntawd nrog kev nce ntawm qhov deb, Soviet PPs tau ua haujlwm zoo dua. Kev tua hluav taws zoo ntawm PPSh-41 yuav luag 1.5 npaug ntau dua li German MP40. Ib qho ntxiv, cov mos txwv raug tua los ntawm PPSh-41 muaj lub zog nkag tau zoo dua.
Soviet rab phom submachine tau zoo siab los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab. Muaj ntau daim duab uas cov tub rog ntawm Wehrmacht thiab SS tau ua tub rog nrog PPD-40 thiab PPSh-41. Ntxiv mus, Cov Neeg German hloov pauv ntau dua 10,000 raug ntes PPSh-41 nyob rau hauv 9mm daim cartridge. Kev hloov pauv tau raug txo kom hloov lub thoob thiab siv cov ntawv xov xwm los ntawm MP38 / 40. Germanized PPSh-41 hu ua MP41 (r).
Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias tom qab cov tub rog ntawm Red Army pib ntes MP38 thiab MP40, kev thov los ntawm lub hauv ntej pib tuaj txog "ua rau peb zoo ib yam." Cov tsheb thauj khoom tau ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb hauv qhov no-German PPs nrog cov quav ntsaws tau zoo dua rau kev tso rau hauv qhov chaw tiv thaiv nruj dua PPD-40 thiab PPSh-41. Xyoo 1942, kev sib tw tau tshaj tawm rau qhov sib zog, ntau dua thiab pheej yig dua PP, tab sis tsis qis dua hauv tus yam ntxwv rau PPSh-41. Thaum kawg xyoo 1942, pib tsim cov phom PPS-42 submachine. Xyoo 1943, tau txhim kho PPS-43. PPS-42 thiab PPS-43 tau txais lub zog los ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm 35 puag ncig. Piv rau cov phom submachine uas tau tsim yav tas los hauv USSR, PPS-43 tau siv thev naus laus zis ntau dua, lub teeb yuag, txhim khu kev qha thiab kev cog lus.
Qhov ntev nrog cov khoom ntim tau yog 616 hli, nrog cov ntawv nthuav tawm - 831 hli. Qhov hnyav hauv qhov chaw tua - 3,67 kg. Yog li, nrog yuav luag zoo ib yam li MP40, peb PPS-43 tau sib zog dua. Tus nqi hluav taws kub yog 550-600 rds / min, ua tsaug uas qhov raug thaum tua nyob rau hauv tawg yog zoo dua li ntawm lwm cov ntawv Soviet Soviet PPs. Tsis muaj tus txhais lus ntawm hom hluav taws, tab sis nrog qee qhov txuj ci (los ntawm kev nias luv luv), txhaj ib zaug tuaj yeem ua tiav. Kev tua hluav taws zoo tseem zoo ib yam li PPSh-41. Txawm hais tias PPS-43 tau zoo dua rau PPSh-41 hauv ntau tus yam ntxwv, vim qhov tsis xav tau ntawm kev rov txhim kho cov txheej txheem tsim thiab txo qis hauv qhov ntau lawm, PPS-43 tsim tawm tsuas yog 500,000 daim ntawv.
Kev siv phom German submachine hauv USSR
Txij li thaum lub sijhawm tawm tsam ntawm Soviet Union, cov khoom siv phom loj txaus tau tsim thiab tau siv hauv tebchaws Yelemes, thiab lub sijhawm qub MP18 thiab MP28 tau siv feem ntau hauv tub ceev xwm thiab chav pabcuam, muaj tsawg ntawm lawv ntawm cov khoom plig uas tau txais los ntawm Tub Rog Liab. Txawm li cas los xij, ntau ntau MP35s tuaj hla peb cov neeg tua rog ntau dua.
Txawm li cas los xij, vim tias lawv muaj ntau dua, Cov Tub Rog Liab thiab cov koom tes feem ntau tau ntes MP38 thiab MP40, uas peb hu tsis raug "Schmeiser". Qhov kev nkag siab yuam kev no yog vim qhov tseeb tias cov ntawv sau Patent Schmeisser CG Haenel tau thov ntawm cov khw German German PPs. Ntawd yog, Hugo Schmeisser tsuas yog tus tswv patent rau lub khw.
Hauv thawj lub sijhawm ntawm kev ua tsov rog (vim tias tsis muaj ib tus neeg siv riam phom tsis siv neeg hauv lub tebchaws), ntes PPs hauv Pawg Tub Rog liab tau xav tau ntau. Txawm hais tias muaj ntau zaus tsis txaus ntawm 9 hli Parabellum cartridges, German-ua submachine phom feem ntau suav tias yog kev khaws cia, thaum tua cov yeeb ncuab tub rog tawm tsam nyob ze rau lawv txoj haujlwm.
Cov ntaub ntawv sau cia muaj cov lus piav qhia ntawm cov xwm txheej thaum, thaum lub sijhawm tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua, peb cov tub rog tso lawv rab phom thiab rho tawm los ntawm PPs raug ntes ntawm German cov tub rog, uas tau mus txog peb cov trenches ntawm qhov deb tsawg dua 100 m.
Ua ntej qhov kev txaus siab ntawm cov tub rog nyob hauv tsev nrog rab phom submachine hauv lub tebchaws, German MP38 / 40 feem ntau yog siv riam phom tus kheej ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm pawg tub rog-qib, lawv kuj tseem siv los ntawm cov tub rog sib txuas lus nrog lub hauv paus chaw ua haujlwm, cov tub rog tom haujlwm thiab cov tub rog ua haujlwm.. Rau qee lub sijhawm, German PPs tau siv ua ke nrog PPSh-41.
Qhov tseeb tias cov thawj coj ntawm pab pawg me me, dhau los ntawm thaj chaw ntawm lub luag haujlwm ntawm Soviet cov tub rog tau tawm ntawm qhov chaw nyob ib puag ncig, tau thov kom tso tseg ntawm ib tus neeg raug ntes riam phom tsis siv neeg, ua pov thawj ntau npaum li cas German PPs tau muaj txiaj ntsig hauv peb cov tub rog. 1941. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov riam phom tso los ntawm lub xeev tseem nyob hauv lawv txhais tes.
Hauv kev saib xyuas Soviet thiab pab pawg ua kom puas tsuaj thiab koom nrog pab pawg ua haujlwm nyob rau sab nraub qaum German, cov neeg sib ntaus feem ntau tau ua tub rog nrog PP. Qee zaum qhov no yog qhov zoo dua los siv riam phom Soviet. Hauv qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev siv 9-mm puag ncig, nws muaj peev xwm ntxiv cov mos txwv los ntawm kev ntes nws los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab. Ib qho ntxiv, kev txhaj tshuaj los ntawm MP38 / 40 tsis tau nthuav tawm cov neeg soj xyuas ntau npaum li lawv tau pom tau yooj yim los ntawm cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub suab tawg los ntawm rab phom Soviet submachine.
Thaum pib xyoo 1943, lub luag haujlwm ntawm PPs raug ntes hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm cov caj npab me ntawm Soviet cov tub rog. Txawm li cas los xij, vim qhov tseeb tias tom qab kev poob ntawm cov phiaj xwm phiaj xwm los ntawm cov neeg German thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm Pawg Tub Rog Liab mus rau kev ua phem loj, peb cov tub rog pib ntes ntau rab phom German.
Cov yeeb ncuab riam phom uas tseem tshuav hauv tshav rog tau teeb tsa raws li pab pawg tau txais txiaj ntsig thiab xa mus rau kev cob qhia tsim tom qab, qhov teeb meem daws teeb meem tau teeb tsa thiab yog tias tsim nyog, kev kho tau ua tiav. Cov riam phom uas tsim nyog rau kev siv txuas ntxiv tau khaws cia thiab xa mus rau chaw cia khoom. Hauv Soviet cov chaw khaws khoom tom qab kev ua tsov rog xaus, muaj ntau dua 50,000 tus tub rog German submachine.
Txawm hais tias nyob hauv ib nrab ntawm kev ua tsov rog, Soviet kev lag luam tuaj yeem ua kom txaus cov tub rog ntawm PPSh-41 thiab PPS-43, German PPs tau nyob hauv pab tub rog kom txog thaum kawg kev tawm tsam. Feem ntau, cov phom loj tau siv los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov tub rog tiv thaiv tsheb, cov tsav tsheb, cov cim thiab cov kws tshaj lij los ntawm ntau yam kev pabcuam.
Tom qab ntawd, ib feem ntawm MP40 haum rau kev siv txuas ntxiv tau raug xa mus rau cov tub rog tshiab uas tau tsim los ntawm cov tebchaws uas pom lawv tus kheej hauv thaj tsam Soviet ntawm kev ua haujlwm. Kuj tseem muaj cov ntaub ntawv qhia tias muaj pes tsawg tus MP40s raws li kev pab tub rog nyob rau ib nrab ntawm xyoo 1940s tau xa mus rau Suav cov neeg sib ntaus sib tua tawm tsam kev tsim riam phom ntawm Kuomintang. Cov PPs no hauv Suav teb tau ua haujlwm zoo ib yam nrog cov uas twb muaj lawm hauv qhov muaj nuj nqis 9-mm MP28 thiab MP34 rab phom submachine, tsim tawm hauv Suav teb raws li daim ntawv tso cai.
Tus lej ntawm cov peev txheej hais tias kev tso tawm MP40 tau tsim los ntawm cov tuam txhab Suav. Cov ntawv Suav sib txawv los ntawm thawj qhov riam phom German hauv kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo tshaj plaws thiab hauv qee cov ntsiab lus.
Lwm qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb uas tau ntes cov phom phom German tau pom yog kev ua tsov rog nyob rau sab Asia sab hnub tuaj. Nyob rau thawj theem ntawm kev ua phem, Soviet Union, raws li ib feem ntawm kev muab kev pab tub rog tsis muaj txiaj ntsig, xa mus rau Nyab Laj qaum teb qhov tseem ceeb ntawm German caj npab me uas tau khaws cia.
Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias German-ua 9mm rab phom submachine tau zoo haum rau kev ua tsov rog hauv hav zoov. MP40 tseem ua haujlwm nrog Viet Cong thoob plaws Nyab Laj Nyab Laj, txawm hais tias los ntawm lub sijhawm xyoo 1960 los nws tau siv ntau los ntawm cov qauv siv niaj hnub no. Ib feem ntawm MP40 xa los ntawm USSR tau rov qab los ntawm Nyab Laj Qab Teb thiab Asmeskas cov tub rog.
Tom qab ntawd, cov PPs no, nrog rau lwm qhov piv txwv, tau tshwm sim ntau zaus hauv kev nthuav tawm ntawm riam phom txeeb los ntawm pab pawg. Tus lej MP40s tau siv los ntawm tub ceev xwm Nyab Laj Qab Teb, thiab tom qab Saigon poob, lawv rov mus rau pab tub rog Nyab Laj qaum teb dua.
Raws li tus lej ntawm cov peev txheej, tsawg tus German PPs uas tau tsim thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II tseem nyob hauv cov chaw khaws khoom ntawm RF Ministry of Defense. Hauv "tshiab" Russia, nyob rau ntawm cov khw muag khoom riam phom, qee zaum koj tuaj yeem pom phom "tua tsiaj" carbine MA-MP38, tus tsim khoom lag luam uas yog Molot Arms enterprise. MA-MP38 rov ua dua qhov tsos thiab ua haujlwm ntawm MP38 lub tshuab rab phom. Lub peev xwm Magazine - 10 ncig ntawm 9 × 19 hli Parabellum.
Raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua ntawm txoj cai tam sim no, cov khoom muaj peev xwm tsuas yog hluav taws ib zaug, nrog lub taub qab khawm, muaj peev xwm ntawm kev txhaj tshuaj tsis suav nrog, ntawm lub qhov ncauj ntawm lub thoob thiab hauv lub khob ntsia liaj qhov rooj los ntawm xuas nrig ntaus, cov cim yog siv.
