Thaum lub sijhawm tawm tsam USSR, kev ua haujlwm ntawm Wehrmacht pab tub rog tuag tau ua nyob ib puag ncig ntawm MG34 lub tshuab rab phom, uas tau pab los ntawm peb tus neeg. Cov tub ceev xwm tsis raug txib tuaj yeem siv phom MP28 lossis MP38 / 40 rab phom submachine, thiab rau tus tua nrog K98k phom.
Cov phom phom Magazine K98k
Thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, feem ntau ntawm cov tub rog German tau ua tub rog nrog 7, 92 hli Mauser 98k phom, uas hauv German cov peev txheej tau xaiv Karabiner 98k lossis K98k. Cov riam phom no, tau siv rau xyoo 1935, tau siv cov kev daws teeb meem ntawm cov phom ntev Standardmodell (Mauser Model 1924/33) thiab Karabiner 98b, uas, nyeg, tau tsim los ntawm Gewehr 98. Txawm hais tias lub npe Karabiner 98k, cov riam phom no yeej yog rab phom uas puv puv thiab tsis luv dua peb Mosinka.
Piv rau thawj Gewehr 98, uas nkag mus rau kev pabcuam xyoo 1898, txhim kho K98k rab phom muaj lub thoob luv (600 hli tsis yog 740 hli). Qhov ntev ntawm lub thawv tau txo qis me ntsis, thiab qhov chaw so tau tshwm sim hauv nws rau cov ntsia liaj qhov rooj khoov duav. Hloov chaw ntawm "cov tub rog" Gewehr 98 tig rau ntawm K98k, lub hauv ntej tig ua ke ua ib qho nrog lub nraub qaum nraub qaum, thiab tsis yog lub nraub qaum rov qab muaj qhov hla ntawm lub taub qab. Tom qab thauj cov cartridge nrog daim cartridges, nws pib raug tshem tawm thaum lub qhov rooj kaw lawm. Ib lub xov tooj cua SG 84/98 tshiab tau tshaj tawm, qhov luv dua thiab sib zog ntau dua li lub xov tooj cua tau muab rau Mauser 98. Lub phom K98k tau nruab nrog rab ramrod luv. Txhawm rau txhawm rau ntxuav lub qhov, nws yog qhov tsim nyog los ntswj ob lub pas nrig ua ke. Cov ntoo ntoo muaj ib rab phom ib nrab. Cov hlau taub qab yog ua nrog lub qhov rooj uas kaw lub qhov rau khoom siv rau riam phom. Txhawm rau txo tus nqi ntawm kev tsim khoom, tom qab lub tebchaws Yelemes nkag mus rau hauv kev ua tsov rog, cov ntoo tau hloov pauv nrog plywood.
Nyob ntawm tus qauv thiab xyoo ntawm kev tsim khoom, qhov phom loj yog 3, 8-4 kg. Ntev - 1110 hli. Rau kev tua los ntawm K98k, 7, 92 × 57 mm sS Patrone daim cartridge feem ntau siv, xub tsim los siv nyob deb, nrog lub mos txwv hnyav hnyav 12.8 g. Lub zog muzzle - 3700 J. Ib qho tseem ceeb ob -kab ntawv lub thawv ntawv nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 5 puag ncig nyob hauv lub thawv. Cov ntawv xov xwm tau ntim nrog cov cartridges nrog cov ntsia liaj qhov rooj qhib los ntawm lub qhov rai dav nyob hauv tus txais los ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab rau 5 puag ncig lossis ib daim cartridge txhua. Cov chaw pom muaj qhov pom pom sab xub ntiag thiab sab nraub qaum pom kev, kho tau ntawm thaj tsam ntawm 100 txog 1000 meters.
Tus kws tua phom uas tau kawm tiav zoo muaj peev xwm ua 12 lub hom phiaj tua ib feeb. Kev tua hluav taws zoo nrog qhov pom ntawm lub tshuab yog 500 m. Cov phom sniper nrog lub tsom iav pom pom tuaj yeem tsoo lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov nrug deb txog li 1000 m.
Feem ntau siv plaub-npaug ZF39 qhov pom lossis yooj yim 1.5-quav ZF41. Xyoo 1943, ZF43 plaub lub tsom iav tsom pom tau txais. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, txog 132,000 phom sniper tau tsim rau cov tub rog German.
Thaum Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum II, tau siv lub foob pob hluav taws Gewehrgranat Geraet 42, uas yog rab phom 30-mm txuas rau ntawm rab phom. Lub foob pob tawg tau raug rho tawm nrog daim cartridge dawb paug. Pom qhov ntau ntawm cov phom tiv thaiv lub tank sib tsoo yog 40 m, cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv ib txwm nkag mus - txog 70 hli.
Ntxiv nrog rau cov tshuaj tua phom, lub qhov ncauj ntawm HUB23 tuaj yeem txuas rau ntawm rab phom ntawm rab phom, ua ke nrog tshwj xeeb Nahpatrone cartridge. Cov mos txwv nrog thawj qhov nrawm ntawm 220 m / s ua kom ntseeg tau yeej ntawm qhov phiaj xwm kev loj hlob ntawm qhov deb li ntawm 200 m.
Xyoo 1944 lig, kev tsim cov ntawv yooj yim ntawm K98k, hu ua Kriegsmodell ("qauv tub rog"), tau pib. Qhov kev hloov kho no muaj ntau qhov kev hloov pauv txhawm rau txo tus nqi thiab kev siv zog ntawm kev tsim khoom nrog qee qhov tsis zoo hauv kev tsim khoom thiab ua tiav. Tsis tas li, cov peev txheej ntawm lub thoob tau poob qis, thiab qhov tseeb ntawm kev tua tau tsis zoo. Kev tsim cov phom K98k tau ua tiav ntawm kaum lub tuam txhab hauv tebchaws Yelemes, Austria thiab Czech koom pheej. Hauv tag nrho, txij xyoo 1935 txog 1945, ntau dua 14 lab phom tau xa mus rau cov neeg siv khoom.
Cov phom K98k yog ib qho zoo tshaj plaws hauv phau ntawv xov xwm-style bolt action phom. Nws muaj kev ntseeg siab, ua haujlwm ntev thiab ua haujlwm ntev, yooj yim thiab nyab xeeb hauv kev tuav. Thaum Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog Zaum II, K98k phom tau siv dav los ntawm txhua ceg ntawm German tub rog hauv txhua lub tsev ua yeeb yam ntawm kev ua tsov rog uas cov tub rog German tau koom nrog. Txawm li cas los xij, nrog txhua qhov nws ua tau zoo, thaum pib ntawm xyoo 1940, rab phom K98k uas yog tus neeg tua phom tua tus kheej tsis tau ua tiav raws li qhov xav tau. Nws tsis muaj qhov xav tau ntawm qhov hluav taws kub thiab yog rab phom loj thiab hnyav rau kev ua tsov rog hauv thaj chaw uas muaj neeg nyob. Tus nqi ntawm qhov hluav taws kub tau txwv los ntawm qhov nrawm npaum li cas tus neeg tua hluav taws tuaj yeem ua haujlwm ntsia liaj qhov rooj thiab thauj khoom 5-ntawv xov xwm. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kev tsis txaus no tau tshwm sim rau txhua lub phom phom hauv phau ntawv xov xwm yam tsis muaj kev zam. Hauv ib feem, qhov sib ntaus sib tua tsawg ntawm qhov hluav taws kub ntawm K98k tau them los ntawm qhov tseeb tias cov neeg German tso siab rau tsis siv phom, tab sis siv rab phom tshuab ib leeg los muab lub zog tua hluav taws.
Txawm hais tias, raws li cov kws tshaj lij riam phom, German MG-34/42 yog lub tshuab rab phom zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, kev twv lawv yog lub hauv paus ntawm pab pawg tua hluav taws tsis yog ib txwm muaj tseeb. Rau tag nrho lawv cov txiaj ntsig, cov phom tshuab German no tau kim heev thiab nyuaj rau kev tsim khoom, thiab yog li ntawd ib txwm muaj qhov tsis txaus ntawm lawv ntawm xub ntiag. Kev siv phom tshuab raug ntes hauv cov tebchaws nyob tsuas yog ib feem daws qhov teeb meem no. Thiab rab phom submachine muaj lub zog tua hluav taws siab, tab sis muaj qhov luv. Muab qhov kev txaus siab ntawm txhua hom tub rog nrog riam phom tsis siv neeg, nws yog qhov xav tau los ua kom cov tub rog muaj rab phom zoo dua hauv qhov hluav taws kub rau K98k.
Self-loading thiab phom tsis siv neeg
Qhov kawg ntawm xyoo 1941, rab phom loj ntawm tus kheej ntawm ob hom nkag mus rau hauv pab tub rog rau kev sim ua tub rog: G41 (W) thiab G41 (M), uas zoo sib xws. Thawj yog tsim los ntawm Carl Walther Waffenfabrik, thib ob los ntawm Waffenfabrik Mauser AG. Lub tshuab phom loj tau ua haujlwm los ntawm kev tshem qee cov hmoov av. Cov phom nqa tus kheej siv tib lub mos txwv zoo li rab phom K98k magazine. Ob rab phom tsis ua tiav qhov kev sim thiab raug xa mus kho dua.
Rifles G41 (W) thiab G41 (M) tau ua pov thawj tias ua rau muaj hmoov av. Lawv qhov chaw txav mus los yuav tsum tau ua kom hnyav. Raws li qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov hmoov carbon tso rau hauv, qhov chaw zawv zawg tau daig ua ke, uas ua rau disassembly nyuaj. Kev hlawv cov nplaim hluav taws feem ntau tau sau tseg. Muaj kev tsis txaus siab txog qhov hnyav ntau dhau thiab kev tua tsis raug.
Xyoo 1942, tom qab kev sim ua tub rog, rab phom G41 (W) nkag mus siv. Nws tau tsim tawm ntawm Walther cog hauv Zella-Melis thiab ntawm Berlin-Lübecker Maschinenfabrik cog hauv Lübeck. Ntau tshaj 100,000 daim ntawv tau ua raws li Asmeskas cov ntaub ntawv.
Qhov hnyav ntawm rab phom tsis muaj rab phom yog 4.98 kg. Ntev - 1138 hli. Ntev ntev - 564 hli. Cov mos txwv mos txwv tshaj tawm - 746 m / s. Kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm hluav taws - 20 ncig / min. Cov zaub mov tau muab los ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm 10-puag ncig. Qhov tua tau zoo - 450 m, siab tshaj - 1200 m.
Tab sis, txawm hais tias kev saws me nyuam thiab tso rau hauv kev tsim khoom loj, ntau qhov tsis txaus ntawm G41 (W) yeej tsis raug tshem tawm, thiab xyoo 1943 kev tsim cov phom ntev G43 tau pib. Xyoo 1944, nws tau hloov pauv lub Karabiner 43 carbine (K43). Ntawm G43, qhov ua tsis tau zoo lub qhov cua sib dhos tau hloov pauv nrog kev tsim qauv qiv los ntawm rab phom Soviet SVT-40. Piv rau G41 (W), G43 tau txhim kho kev ntseeg tau thiab tseem txo qhov hnyav. Ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntu tau ua los ntawm kev casting thiab stamping, txheej sab nrauv muaj qhov ua haujlwm ntxhib.
Qhov hnyav ntawm rab phom G43 yam tsis muaj rab phom yog 4.33 kg. Ntev - 1117 hli. Khoom noj khoom haus - los ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm uas tshem tawm tau rau 10 puag ncig, uas tuaj yeem ua tiav nrog cov yeeb yaj kiab rau 5 puag ncig yam tsis tau tshem nws ntawm riam phom. Qee cov phom muaj 25 lub thawv ntawv xov xwm los ntawm MG13 lub tshuab rab phom. Ua tsaug rau kev siv cov ntawv xov xwm tshem tawm tau, qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm hluav taws tau nce mus rau 30 puag ncig / feeb.
Kev tsim cov phom G43 tau tsim los ntawm cov lag luam uas yav dhau los tsim G41 (W). Txog thaum Lub Peb Hlis 1945, tau xa me ntsis ntau dua 402,000 rab phom uas tau ntim nws tus kheej. Raws li cov phiaj xwm ntawm German cov lus txib, txhua lub tuam txhab ua rog (tub rog) ntawm Wehrmacht tau xav tias yuav muaj 19 tus kheej phom phom. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsis tau ua tiav hauv kev coj ua.
Kwv yees li 10% ntawm G43s muaj lub ntsej muag tsom iav, tab sis G43 cov phom ntev yog qhov qis dua li rab phom K98k hais txog kev tua qhov tseeb. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv txoj kev sib ntaus sib tua, qhov chaw tua hluav taws feem ntau tsis zoo, G43 nrog cov neeg tua phom ua tau zoo.
Ib qho phom sij uas tsis siv neeg German heev yog FG42 (German Fallschirmjägergewehr 42 - paratrooper tus phom loj ntawm 1942 tus qauv). Cov riam phom no, tsim rau Luftwaffe paratroopers, kuj tau koom nrog kev pabcuam nrog cov phom phom roob. Ib daim ntawv theej ntawm FG42 tau muab pov tseg ntawm cov tub rog tshaj plaws ntawm Wehrmacht thiab Waffen SS.
Lub phom FG42 siv lub tshuab ua haujlwm los ntawm kev hloov qee qhov ntawm cov hmoov av los ntawm lub qhov hla ntawm lub thoob hauv lub thoob. Lub thoob ntim tau raug xauv los ntawm tig lub ntsia liaj qhov rooj, uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm txoj kab nkhaus ntawm tus ntsia liaj qhov rooj thiab lub dav hlau beveled ntawm tus ntsia liaj qhov rooj thauj khoom thaum qhov kawg txav mus. Ob lub logs nyob sib npaug ntawm lub hauv ntej ntawm tus ntsia liaj qhov rooj. Cov khoom lag luam muaj qhov tsis zoo uas txo qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev thim rov qab ntawm tus tua. Thaum tua, cov cartridges tau pub los ntawm ib lub thawv ntawv xov xwm uas muaj peev xwm ntawm 20 daim cartridges nrog ob kab kev teeb tsa, teeb tsa rau sab laug ntawm rab phom. Lub tshuab tua hluav taws ntawm tus ntaus hom tso cai rau hluav taws ib leeg thiab tsis siv neeg.
Thawj qhov kev hloov kho FG42 / 1 muaj ntau qhov tsis zoo: tsis muaj zog, tsis ntseeg siab thiab tsis muaj peev txheej txaus. Cov neeg tua phom yws yws txog qhov tshwm sim siab ntawm kev siv cov mos txwv nyob hauv lub ntsej muag, tsis yooj yim tuav riam phom thiab tsis ruaj khov thaum tua. Ua rau hauv tus account cov lus pom, txhim khu kev ntseeg dua, nyab xeeb thiab yooj yim siv phom FG42 / 2. Txawm li cas los xij, tus nqi ntawm kev ua phom loj heev. Txhawm rau txhawm rau ua kom zoo dua cov txheej txheem tsim khoom thiab txuag cov ntaub ntawv tsis txaus, nws tau npaj yuav hloov mus rau kev siv cov thwj cim los ntawm cov ntawv hlau. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog txhawm rau txo tus nqi tsim khoom, txij li, piv txwv li, kev siv zog los tsim cov khoom siv milled tau ua los ntawm cov hlau hnyav heev. Vim tias qeeb los ntawm qhov xav tau tshem tawm qhov tsis txaus, lub tuam txhab Krieghoff tau pib tsim cov phom 2,000 phom tsuas yog thaum kawg xyoo 1943. Thaum lub sijhawm tsim khoom, kev txhim kho tau ua rau FG42 txhawm rau txo tus nqi, txhim kho kev siv tau thiab txhim kho kev ntseeg tau. Qhov kev hloov pauv zaum kawg yog FG42 / 3 (Hom G) nrog tus txais lub thwj cim.
Txawm hais tias rab phom FG42 / 3 tseem kim thiab nyuaj rau kev tsim khoom, nws muaj qhov ua tau zoo heev thiab ntseeg tau zoo heev. Cov phom thiab taub qab tau nyob rau tib txoj kab, vim tias tsis muaj lub xub pwg nyom rov qab, uas txo qis qhov riam phom pov tseg thaum tua. Txog qhov loj, qhov rov qab tau raug txo los ntawm tus neeg them nyiaj loj-nplaim taws, txuas rau lub qhov ncauj ntawm lub thoob. Qhov pom tau muaj lub ntsej muag pom tom ntej tsau rau lub thoob thiab qhov kho qhov muag pom tom qab tso rau ntawm tus txais. Feem ntau ntawm cov phom ntev tau nruab nrog qhov muag pom. Txog kev sib ntaus sib tua, rab phom tau nruab nrog ib rab koob plaub lub ntsej muag uas muaj rab koob, uas nyob rau hauv txoj hauj lwm stowed leans rov qab thiab yog nyob rau parallel mus rau lub thoob. FG42 tau nruab nrog cov khoom sib dhos yooj yim thwj thooj ntawv bipods.
Qhov hnyav ntawm riam phom ntawm kev hloov kho lig yam tsis muaj daim cartridges yog 4,9 kg. Ntev - 975 hli. Ntev ntev - 500 hli. Cov mos txwv mos txwv tshaj tawm - 740 m / s. Siv tau ntau yam nrog lub tshuab pom - 500 m. Tus nqi hluav taws - 750 ncig / min.
Rau ntau qhov laj thawj hauv tebchaws Ntsaws Mes Nis, nws tsis muaj peev xwm los tsim cov khoom loj ntawm FG42. Hauv tag nrho, kwv yees li 14,000 daim ntawv tau ua. Lub phom ntev tsis siv neeg FG42 pib nkag mus rau cov tub rog lig dhau los txhawm rau ua kom pom tseeb txog nws qhov kev sib ntaus zoo thiab qhov zoo. Txawm li cas los xij, FG42 yog qhov phom sij txaus ntshai thiab tshwj xeeb, uas yog ib qho riam phom txaus nyiam tshaj plaws tsim thiab tsim tawm hauv Peb Qhov Reich.
Cov phom loj tsis siv neeg nruab nrab
Txawm tias ua ntej muaj Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, nws tau pom meej rau cov kws tsim qauv thiab cov tub rog nyob hauv ntau lub tebchaws uas rab phom rab phom muaj hwj chim ntau dhau los daws cov haujlwm feem ntau uas muaj nyob hauv tus kheej cov tub rog. Xyoo 1940, cov tsim qauv ntawm lub tuam txhab Polte Armaturen-und-Maschinenfabrik A. G. ntawm lawv tus kheej txoj haujlwm, lawv tau tsim ib daim cartridge uas muaj qhov ntev ntawm 7, 92 × 33 mm, uas, tom qab tau txais kev pabcuam, tau txais lub npe 7, 9 mm Kurzpatrone 43 (7, 9 mm Kurz). Hais txog lub zog, cov mos txwv no nyob hauv nruab nrab txoj haujlwm nruab nrab ntawm 9-hli Parabellum rab yaj phom thiab 7, 92-mm Mauser phom phom loj.
Lub tes tsho hlau ntev 33 hli tau zoo li lub raj mis thiab ua kom zoo nkauj los tiv thaiv kev xeb. Cov mos txwv 7, 9 hli Kurz SmE hnyav 17, 05 grams.
Hauv qab daim cartridge 7, 9 mm Kurz, tus lej phom loj (phom ntev) tau tsim nyob hauv Peb Qhov Reich, qee qhov tau raug coj mus rau theem ntawm kev tsim khoom loj. Thaum Lub Xya Hli 1942, ib qho kev ua yeeb yam hais txog kev siv phom tua phom rau nruab nrab rab phom Maschinenkarabiner 42 (H) (MKb 42 (H)) thiab Machinenkarabiner 42 (W) (MKb42 (W)) tau tshwm sim. Thawj zaug tau tsim los ntawm C. G. Haenel, tus thib ob los ntawm Carl Walther Waffenfabrik. Kev siv tshuab ntawm ob qho piv txwv tau ua raws lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev tshem tawm ib feem ntawm cov hmoov av.
Tus yeej ntawm kev sib tw tau nthuav tawm los ntawm kev sim tub rog ntawm Sab Hnub Poob. Raws li lawv cov txiaj ntsig, raug rau kev tshem tawm ntawm qhov tsis txaus thiab qhia txog qee yam kev hloov pauv hauv kev tsim, MKb42 (H) tau pom zoo rau kev saws. Raws li kev hloov pauv tau tsim los ntawm tus ntsia liaj qhov rooj, lub tshuab tua hluav taws thiab lub qhov hluav taws xob tso tawm, MP43 / 1 thiab MP43 / 2 "phom submachine" tau yug los. Thaum Lub Rau Hli 1943, pib tsim tawm ntawm MP 43/1. Txog thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1943, thaum tus qauv no tau hloov pauv ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom nrog kev hloov kho siab dua, ntau dua 12,000 daim ntawv theej ntawm MP 43/1. Txawm hais tias nyob rau theem tsim ntawm riam phom, tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas rau nws qhov kev tsim khoom thiab txo nqi, rau qhov kev thim nyiaj tau siv rau hauv kev tsim khoom ntawm tus txais thiab lwm tus lej.
Kev siv loj heev ntawm MP43 ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj Sab Hnub Poob pib thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 1943. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, nws tau pom tias rab phom tshuab tshiab suav nrog qhov ua tau zoo ntawm rab phom submachine thiab rab phom, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm nce lub zog tua hluav taws ntawm cov tub rog thiab txo qhov xav tau rab phom tshuab lub teeb.
Tom qab tau txais kev pom zoo los ntawm pab tub rog hauv thaj chaw, kev txiav txim siab raug txiav txim siab los siv lub tshuab rab phom tshiab los ua haujlwm. Thaum lub Plaub Hlis 1944, lub npe MP43 tau hloov mus rau MP44, thiab thaum Lub Kaum Hli 1944, rab phom tau txais lub npe kawg - StG 44 (German Sturmgewehr 44 - "phom ntev 44").
Qhov hnyav ntawm qhov tshem tawm riam phom yog 4, 6 kg, nrog cov ntawv xov xwm txuas rau 30 puag ncig - 5,2 kg. Ntev - 940 hli. Ntev ntev - 419 hli. Cov mos txwv mos txwv tshaj tawm - 685 m / s. Cov txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev txhaj tshuaj ib leeg - txog 600 m. Tus nqi hluav taws - 550-600 puag ncig / min.
Feem ntau, rab phom StG 44 yog riam phom zoo los ntawm cov qauv ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob. Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj rau kev xa cov phom hauv qhov raug thiab ntau yam, kev nkag mus rau hauv rab phom thiab kev siv ntau yam. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, StG 44 hnyav heev, cov tua tau yws yws txog qhov tsis yooj yim pom, tsis muaj lub ntsej muag ua ntej, thiab nkag siab rau cov dej noo thiab av. Ntau qhov chaw tsis pom zoo txog tus lej tsim MP43 / MP44 / StG 44, tab sis nws tuaj yeem ntseeg tau ruaj khov tias thaum Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, cov neeg German tau tsim ntau dua 400,000 rab phom submachine rau rab phom nruab nrab.
Kev siv rab phom German thiab rab phom tshuab hauv Red Army
Cov phom K98k cov ntawv xov xwm tau siv los ntawm Red Army los ntawm thawj hnub ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog. Lawv tau tshwm sim hauv qhov pom pom ntau hauv cov koog tawm ntawm kev ncig hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua, thiab ntawm cov neeg koom siab. Thawj cov chav uas muaj lub hom phiaj ua tub rog nrog phom German yog cov neeg ua tub rog sib cais, tsim los uas pib thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 1941. Ntxiv rau rab phom ntawm Austrian, Fab Kis thiab Nyij Pooj tsim tawm, ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm cov neeg tua rog tau ua tub rog nrog German Gewehr 1888, Gewehr 98 thiab Karabiner 98k. Feem ntau ntawm cov phom no, siv los ntawm cov tub rog tua rog, raug ntes thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum 1, lossis yuav los ntawm tsoomfwv tsarist los ntawm cov phoojywg. Thaum pib xyoo 1942, ntau lub chav haujlwm niaj hnub tau siv phom K98k cov ntawv xov xwm, ntes tau nyob rau hauv cov lej pom thaum lub sij hawm tawm tsam ze Moscow thiab hauv lwm qhov hauv ntej. Yog li, cov tub rog ntawm 116th cais cov tub rog phom loj, tau tsim thaum lub Cuaj Hli 1942 hauv Kaluga los ntawm cov neeg tsav nkoj ntawm Pacific Fleet, tau siv riam phom German.
Tom qab ntawd, tom qab ua tiav ntawm cov chav phom ntawm Red Army nrog riam phom ntawm kev tsim khoom hauv tsev, ntes cov phom kom txog thaum kawg ntawm kev ua tsov rog tseem nyob hauv kev pabcuam nrog cov tsheb tom qab tsis koom nrog kev tawm tsam ncaj qha, nrog rau cov teeb liab, tiv thaiv lub dav hlau phom, cov phom loj. thiab hauv chav kawm.
Kev siv cov phom loj hauv kev sib ntaus tau cuam tshuam los ntawm kev muab khoom tsis raug ntawm 7.92 mm cartridges. Tom qab Cov Tub Rog Liab tau tuav lub tswv yim los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab, cov neeg German, rau kev ua phem rau lub hom phiaj, thaum thim rov qab, pib tawm phom rab phom nruab nrog cov khoom tawg loj. Thaum sim tua cov cartridge zoo li no, qhov tawg tau tshwm sim, thiab riam phom tsis siv rau kev siv ntxiv, thiab tus tua tuaj yeem raug mob lossis tuag taus. Tom qab cov xwm txheej zoo li no tau dhau los ua ntu zus, ib qho kev txiav txim tau txwv tsis pub siv cov mos txwv uas tsis tau txheeb xyuas tuaj nqa ntawm tshav rog.
Cov tub rog ntawm Red Army tau plam ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm cov riam phom me uas tau ntes hauv kev sib ntaus. Muab qhov tseeb tias rab phom tau txais los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab feem ntau tsis tau sau tseg rau leej twg, lawv tsis raug saib xyuas zoo li riam phom li niaj zaus. Txawm hais tias muaj qhov ua haujlwm me me, Cov Tub Rog Liab cov tub rog yooj yim koom nrog cov phom German. Cov ntaub ntawv sau cia piav qhia txog rooj plaub thaum peb cov tub rog tawm tsam, tsis tuaj yeem xa cov riam phom me me pov tseg los ntawm cov neeg German mus rau cov neeg muab khoom plig, tsoo lawv nrog tso tsheb hlau luam lossis tsoo lawv nrog cov mos txwv kom raug puas tsuaj.
Raws li cov ntaub ntawv khaws tseg, nyob rau lub sijhawm tom qab ua tsov rog muaj ntau dua 3 lab tus phom German uas tsim nyog rau siv ntxiv hauv Soviet cov chaw khaws khoom. Qhov tseeb, ntau yam ntxiv tau raug ntes, tab sis tsis yog txhua rab phom tau muab coj los rau hauv thiab tau xa mus rau pawg tub rog uas tau txais txiaj ntsig, tau tsim ua tiav thaum pib xyoo 1943.
Tom qab cov phom K98k tuaj txog ntawm cov ntsiab lus khaws rau riam phom, lawv tau xa mus rau tom qab rau cov tuam txhab koom nrog daws teeb meem thiab kho. Yog tias tsim nyog, ntes cov phom uas tsim nyog rau kev siv ntxiv tau raug kho dua, tom qab uas lawv tau muab coj los xav thiab khaws cia. Ntxiv nrog rau cov phom, peb cov tub rog tau ntes txog 2 txhiab 7, rab phom ntev 92 mm, thiab German K98k, pauv mus rau hauv paus chaw khaws cia, dhau los ua kev khaws cia thaum muaj kev ua tsov rog tshiab.
Tsis ntev tom qab Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum II xaus, Soviet Union tau muab qee yam ntawm cov riam phom German uas raug ntes mus rau cov nyob sab Europe sab hnub tuaj. Ib pawg loj ntawm kev ntes K98k tau xa mus rau Pab Pawg Tub Ceev Xwm Liberation Army ntawm Tuam Tshoj, ua rau muaj kev tawm tsam tiv thaiv National Revolution Army ntawm Kuomintang. Ua raws li qhov tseeb tias hauv Suav teb txij li xyoo 1930, kev tso cai tsim khoom ntawm German 7, rab phom ntev 92 mm thiab rab phom tau ua tiav, tsis muaj teeb meem nrog kev txhim kho K98k xa los ntawm USSR. Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov phom K98k thaum Tsov Rog Kauslim tau nyob hauv DPRK cov tub rog thiab tau muab pov tseg los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm pab dawb Suav. Kev sib ntaus sib tua loj loj tom ntej, qhov twg ntes German K98k tau pom, yog Tsov Rog Nyab Laj. Thaum pib xyoo 1960, USSR thiab PRC tau muab ntau txhiab txhiab rab phom K98k thiab cov naj npawb ntawm cov mos txwv uas xav tau rau cov tub ceev xwm ntawm Koom pheej ywj pheej Nyab Laj. Ib qho ntxiv, cov phom uas yog ntawm Wehrmacht yav dhau los tau muab rau cov tebchaws Arab thiab siv hauv kev ua rog nrog cov neeg Ixayees.
Txawm hais tias xav txog qhov tseeb tias Soviet Union tau ua siab dawb muab nws cov phooj ywg nrog ntes cov phom German ntawm qhov tsis muaj txiaj ntsig, ntau ntawm lawv tseem nyob hauv cov chaw khaws khoom tom qab kev tawg ntawm USSR. Qee cov phom tau raug xa mus rau rov ua dua tshiab, thiab qee qhov raug muab muag raws li riam phom tua tsiaj.
Ib rab phom tua phom chambered rau thawj daim cartridge 7, 92 × 57 mm Mauser - hu ua KO -98M1. KO-98 yog carbine re-chim chambered rau.308 Yeej (7, 62 × 51 mm). VPO-115-carbine chambered rau.30-06 Springfield (7, 62 × 63 mm). Rau kev tua los ntawm VPO-116M carbine, siv.243 Winchester cartridge (6, 2 × 52 mm).
Ntxiv rau lub khw K98k, Cov Tub Rog Liab tau ntes G41 (W) / G43 cov phom phom tus kheej thiab FG42 cov phom tsis siv neeg nyob hauv ib nrab ntawm kev ua tsov rog. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum npaj cov ntawv tshaj tawm no, Kuv tsis tuaj yeem nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv hais txog lawv siv hauv Red Army. Thaj, yog tias tsis siv neeg thiab tus kheej thauj cov phom German tau siv los ntawm peb cov neeg tua rog tawm tsam lawv tus tswv qub, yog li nws tsis xwm yeem thiab rau lub sijhawm luv. Nrog qhov yuav tshwm sim ntau dua, cov cuab yeej semiautomatic tuaj yeem pom ntawm cov neeg koom nrog lossis hauv kev pabcuam nrog kev tshawb nrhiav thiab kev ua phem pab pawg pov rau hauv German tom qab. Peb tuaj yeem hais dab tsi txog qhov yooj yim capricious German ib nrab thiab tsis siv neeg phom, thaum txawm tias peb tus kheej-loading SVT-40 tsis nrov ntawm cov tub rog. Qhov no yog vim qhov tseeb tias, piv rau khw-yuav, cov phom ib nrab tsis siv neeg yuav tsum tau saib xyuas ntau dua thiab ua haujlwm muaj peev xwm. Tab sis qhov txaus txaus, German cov phom tsis siv neeg tau siv thaum ua tsov rog hauv Asia sab hnub tuaj. Ob peb FG42s tau rov qab los ntawm Asmeskas los ntawm Viet Cong.
Txawm hais tias StG 44 tsis yog qhov siab ntawm kev ua tiav, rau nws lub sijhawm no lub tshuab no yog riam phom zoo. Txawm hais tias qhov tseeb tias StG 44 tau raug thuam ntau zaus rau qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm cov khoom siv thwj cim thiab tsim qauv nyuaj, piv rau cov phom me me, cov phom German siv rau rab phom nruab nrab tau nrov nrog peb cov neeg sib ntaus.
Muaj ntau cov duab hauv lub network, sau hnub tim ib nrab ntawm xyoo 1944 - thaum ntxov xyoo 1945, uas cov tub rog Soviet tau ua tub rog nrog StG 44.
Tom qab qhov Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob xaus, StG 44 cov phom loj tau siv rau hauv ntau lub tebchaws ntawm cov koomhaum pab pawg. Yog li, rab phom tshuab tsim nyob rau hauv Peb Reich tau siv los ntawm pab tub rog ntawm Hungary thiab Czechoslovakia txog rau thaum xyoo 1950s, thiab los ntawm Cov Neeg Tub Ceev Xwm ntawm GDR txog rau thaum ntxov xyoo 1970s. Thawj qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua loj uas cuam tshuam nrog StG 44 yog Kev Tsov Rog Kauslim. Tus lej phom German tau siv los ntawm Viet Cong.
Thaum pib xyoo 1960, Fab Kis cov tub rog sib tua cov neeg tawm tsam hauv Algeria tau ntes ob peb lub kaum os StG 44s thiab cov mos txwv rau lawv, nqa cov cim ntawm Czechoslovakian cov mos txwv chaw tsim khoom Sellier & Bellot.
StG 44 cov phom loj kuj tau muab rau lub tebchaws kev tawm tsam ntawm "dub" Africa. Hauv cov duab thaij hauv 1970-1980s, ib tus tuaj yeem pom cov neeg tawm tsam ntawm ntau pawg tub rog nrog StG 44. Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev siv StG 44 los ntawm cov tub rog Syrian tau sau tseg. Thaj, cov phom loj no tau khaws cia hauv xyoo 2012 nrog rau lwm yam riam phom uas tsis siv lawm.
Kab lus hauv kab lus no:
Kev siv cov phom German uas tau ntes hauv USSR
Kev siv cov tub ceev xwm German ntes rab phom submachine hauv USSR
