Thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, 105-mm howitzers yog lub hauv paus ntawm lub zog tua hluav taws ntawm German kev faib phom loj. Le. F. H.18 rab phom ntawm ntau yam kev hloov kho tau siv los ntawm pab tub rog German txij li thawj mus txog hnub kawg ntawm kev ua tsov rog. Hauv lub sijhawm tom qab ua tsov rog, German-made 105-mm howitzers tau ua haujlwm nyob hauv ntau lub tebchaws txog thaum ib nrab xyoo 1980s. Lawv kuj yog tus qauv thiab tus qauv rau kev tsim lawv tus kheej cov phom 105-mm hauv Yugoslavia thiab Czechoslovakia.
105 hli lub teeb pom kev zoo li cas 10.5 cm le. F. H. 16
Txog thaum ib nrab ntawm xyoo 1930s, lub ntsiab 105 mm howitzer hauv cov tub rog German yog 10.5 cm le. F. H. 16 (German 10.5 cm leichte Feldhaubitze 16), uas nkag mus rau kev pabcuam xyoo 1916. Txog rau nws lub sijhawm, nws yog cov txheej txheem phom loj zoo heev. Nws qhov hnyav hauv qhov chaw sib ntaus yog 1525 kg, qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev tua yog 9200 m, qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm hluav taws tau nce txog 5 rds / min.
Xyoo 1918, Cov tub rog German ua tub rog muaj me ntsis ntau dua 3,000 le. F. H. 16 howitzers. Tom qab kos npe rau Daim Ntawv Cog Lus Versailles, kev tsim cov phom no raug tso tseg. Thiab lawv tus lej hauv Reichswehr tau raug txwv hnyav heev. Xyoo 1933, kev tsim kho ntawm 10.5 cm le. F. H.16 nA (German neuer Art - tus qauv tshiab) tau pib. Los ntawm 1937, 980 howitzers tau tsim.
Tom qab qhov tshiab 105mm le. F. H.18 howitzer tau mus rau hauv kev tsim khoom, feem ntau ntawm cov uas twb muaj lawm le. FH.16 tau raug xa mus rau chav qhia thiab chav nyob ntawm kab thib ob.
Vim yog tus lej me thiab muaj cov qauv ntau dua, cov phom le. FH.16 tau siv tsawg heev nyob rau Sab Hnub Tuaj.
Ib tus lej tseem ceeb ntawm cov neeg siv dag zog tsis raug tso rau hauv kev tiv thaiv ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv Atlantic xyoo 1941, qhov chaw uas lawv tau raug rhuav tshem lossis raug ntes los ntawm Asmeskas thiab Askiv cov tub rog xyoo 1944.
105 hli lub teeb pom kev zoo li cas 10.5 cm le. F. H. 18
Xyoo 1935, Rheinmetall-Borsig AG tau tsim cov khoom loj ntawm 105 mm 10.5 cm le. F. H. 18 howitzer. Rau nws lub sijhawm, nws yog riam phom ua tau zoo heev, uas suav nrog tus nqi qis thiab kev siv zog ntawm kev tsim khoom nrog kev sib ntaus txaus thiab kev pabcuam thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo.
Qhov hnyav ntawm cov phom loj hauv qhov chaw sib ntaus yog 1985 kg, hauv qhov chaw khaws cia - 3265 kg. Piv rau le. FH.16, rab phom tshiab hnyav dua. Thiab lub tswv yim nws yuav tsum tau thauj los ntawm tsheb laij teb. Tab sis vim tsis muaj cov cuab yeej siv zog txhais tau tias, thawj ntu le. FH.18s tau npaj rau rub los ntawm rau tus nees thiab tau nruab nrog lub log log ntoo.
Tom qab ntawd, cov log ntoo tau hloov nrog lub teeb hlau sib tsoo. Lub log ntawm howitzers rub los ntawm kev sib tw nees tau muaj cov hlau hlau, hla cov hlua roj hmab qee zaum hnav. Rau cov roj teeb ntawm kev siv tshuab, lub log nrog cov log roj hmab tau siv.
Tus qauv txhais tau tias ntawm kev teev 105-hli howitzers hauv Wehrmacht yog 3-tuj Sd. Kfz.11 cov tsheb laij teb ib nrab thiab 5 tuj Sd. Kfz.6 tsheb laij teb.
Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb uas lub tshuab roj teeb lub tshuab hluav taws xob nyob hauv ob teev tuaj yeem npog qhov deb uas lub roj teeb nrog pab pawg nees sib tw tau them tag nrho ib hnub.
Piv nrog rau 10.5 cm le. F. H.16 howitzer 10.5 cm le. FH.18 muaj tus lej tseem ceeb zoo. Tom qab ua kom ntev ntev ntev txog 2625 mm (25 clb.), Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev tua yog 10675 m.
Ib qho hauv paus tshiab, txawv ntawm le. FH.16, yog lub tsheb thauj khoom nrog cov txaj zawv zawg thiab cov rooj sib dhos loj loj, nrog rau kev ncua tsheb thauj mus los. Qag sib ntaus sib tua tau nruab nrog cov kwj deg, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm thauj howitzers los ntawm kev siv tshuab los ntawm kev nrawm ntawm qhov nrawm txog 40 km / h. Ua tsaug rau peb lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev txhawb nqa, lub tsheb thauj khoom nrog cov thav duab thav duab tau dhau los ruaj khov dua, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb nrog kev nce muzzle nrawm ntawm qhov projectile.
Txoj haujlwm tua kab rov tav yog 56 °, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov hluav taws ncaj qha ntawm cov hom phiaj txav nrawm. Qhov siab tshaj plaws taw qhia lub kaum sab xis yog 42 °. Txoj kab tav tav kab rov tav tau muab tus nqi hluav taws kub txog li 8 teev toj ib feeb. Lub sijhawm hloov mus rau txoj haujlwm tua yog 2 feeb.
Muaj ntau hom mos txwv muaj rau 105mm le. F. H. 18 howitzer.
Hauv cov ntaub ntawv tooj dag lossis hlau (nyob ntawm seb lub kaum sab xis nce thiab tua ntau npaum li cas), yuav muaj rau tus lej tus lej ntawm cov nqi hmoov. Kev tua nrog lub foob pob tawg loj tawg 10, 5 cm FH Gr. 38 hnyav 14.81 kg, muaj 1.38 kg ntawm TNT lossis ammotol. Thawj tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg txhawb nqa lub zog, thawj zaug nrawm yog 200 m / s (thaj tsam - 3575 m), rau thib rau - 470 m / s (thaj tsam - 10675 m).
Thaum lub foob pob tawg tawg tawg ntau heev, tawg ua rau ya mus 10-15 metres rau tom ntej, 5-6 metres rov qab, ib sab 30-40 meters. Thaum muaj kev cuam tshuam ncaj qha, phab ntsa txhawb ntxiv 35 cm tuab, ib lub cib ntsa 1.5 m tuab, lossis cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv 25 mm tuab tuaj yeem xuas nrig ntaus.
Txhawm rau tawm tsam cov yeeb ncuab lub tsheb ua rog, muaj cov cuab yeej ua rau khaus khaus 10, 5 cm Pzgr. thiab 10.5 cm Pzgr.rot. Thawj qhov sib txawv, nrog qhov hnyav ntawm 14, 25 kg (hnyav hnyav - 0, 65 kg), tawm ntawm lub thoob ntawm qhov nrawm ntawm 395 m / s thiab tuaj yeem tsoo lub hom phiaj ntawm qhov deb li ntawm 1500 m. The 10, 5 cm Pzgr.rot qhov projectile tau nruab nrog lub hau ntswj thiab hnyav 15, 71 kg (hnyav hnyav - 0.4 kg). Nrog thawj qhov nrawm ntawm 390 m / s ntawm qhov deb ntawm 1500 m, nws tuaj yeem nkag mus rau 60 mm cov cuab yeej ua rog raws qhov qub.
Qhov hnyav 10 cm Gr. 39 rot H1, hnyav 11.76 kg, muaj 1.975 kg ntawm TNT-RDX cov hlau sib tsoo. Tsis hais txog kev sib tua deb npaum li cas, thaum ntaus ntawm lub kaum sab xis, qhov projectile sib sau tau kub txog 140 mm ntawm cov cuab yeej ua rog.
Lub 105-mm howitzer kuj tseem tuaj yeem tua 10.5 cm FHGr. Spr. Br tawg thiab tawg tawg, 10.5 cm F. H. Gr. Br lub foob pob hluav taws, 10.5 cm F. H. Gr. Nb. FES.
Muaj lus hais txog 10, 5 cm Sprgr. 42 TSO. Tab sis cov ntaub ntawv ntseeg tau txog nws cov yam ntxwv thiab cov khoom tsim tawm tsis tuaj yeem pom.
105 hli lub teeb pom kev zoo li cas 10.5 cm le. F. H. 18M
Hauv thawj lub sijhawm Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II, 10.5 cm le. F. H. 18 lub teeb pom kev zoo li cas cov neeg ua haujlwm tau qhia txog kev tawm tsam zoo.
Txawm li cas los xij, cov tub rog hais plaub tau sau tseg tias nws yuav yog qhov xav tau ntau ntxiv rau kev tua ntau. Txoj hauv kev yooj yim tshaj plaws kom ua tiav qhov no yog txhawm rau nce qhov pib nrawm ntawm qhov projectile los ntawm kev nce ntim ntawm cov tshuaj tua hluav taws. Lub zog rov ua kom rov zoo dua tau them nyiaj los ntawm kev qhia ntawm lub tog raj kheej nres.
Xyoo 1940, 10.5 cm le. F. H.18M howitzer nrog ob chav chamber muzzle nres hloov 10.5 cm le. F. H.18 hauv kev tsim khoom. Qhov phom loj tau nce los ntawm 55 kg. Ntev ntev tau nce los ntawm 467 hli thaum lub sijhawm hloov kho tshiab. Rau kev tua ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws, qhov tshiab tawg-tawg tawg qhov projectile 10, 5 cm FN Gr. F. Thaum tua tus nqi 6, qhov muzzle tshaj tawm yog 540 m / s, thiab thaj tsam ntawm kev tua yog 12325 m.
Txij li 105-hli howitzers tsis muaj lub qhov ncauj nres thiab nrog lub qhov ncauj nres tau suav nyob hauv ib txoj haujlwm hauv tebchaws Yelemes, tam sim no nws nyuaj hais tias muaj pes tsawg rab phom ntawm kev hloov kho tshwj xeeb tau tsim. Nws kuj tseem paub tias thaum lub sijhawm hloov kho loj, cov qauv thaum ntxov tau txais cov pa roj hmab nres. Xyoo 1939, Wehrmacht muaj 4862 leFHH 18 howitzers. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv siv, nruab nrab Lub Ib Hlis 1939 thiab Lub Ob Hlis 1945, 6,933 le. F. H.18 thiab le. F. H.18M howitzers tau tsim ntawm lub log tsheb.
Kev tsim khoom loj ntawm le. F. H. 18 howitzers tau pab los ntawm lawv cov nqi tsim khoom qis. Kev hloov kho yooj yim ntawm 105-mm howitzer tau pheej yig dua thiab xav tau kev siv zog tsawg dua los tsim dua li lwm cov khoom siv German ua cov phom loj ntawm 75-150 mm.
Kev lag luam, le. F. H. 18 yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws tsis yog rau lub tshuab siv rab phom hnyav dua, tab sis txawm tias yog rab phom 75 hli. Yog li, xyoo 1939, Wehrmacht tau them 16,400 Reichsmarks rau 105-mm howitzer, thiab 20,400 Reichsmarks rau 75-hli lub teeb me me phom loj le. FKK 18.
105 hli lub teeb pom kev zoo li cas 10.5 cm le. F. H. 18/40
Lub zog tua hluav taws, tua ntau yam thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev hloov kho 10.5 cm le. F. H.18M howitzers tau txaus siab heev rau cov neeg tua phom German. Tab sis tsis tau xav txog tag nrho rau German cov kws tshaj lij, nws tau muab tawm tias hauv cov xwm txheej ntawm Lavxias av nkos, qhov 3-tuj ib nrab-khiav Sd. Kfz.11 tsheb laij teb thiab txawm tias 5-tuj Sd. Kfz.6 tsheb laij teb tuaj yeem nyuaj nrog rub cov phom 105-mm ntawm kev faib phom loj.
Qhov phem tshaj yog qhov xwm txheej hauv cov phom loj, uas pab pawg nees tau siv los thauj cov neeg ua phem, thiab cov no yog feem ntau hauv Wehrmacht hauv thawj ib nrab ntawm kev ua tsov rog.
Yog tias kab hauv ntej tau ruaj khov, qhov teeb meem no tau daws li cas. Tab sis thaum cov phom xav tau hloov mus rau lwm qhov chaw tam sim no, qhov no feem ntau nyuaj ua kom tiav.
Txij li thaum nees tau nkees sai ntawm txoj kev tsis zoo, cov neeg ua haujlwm tau raug yuam kom taug kev thiab txawm tias thawb lub zog. Tib lub sijhawm, qhov nrawm ntawm kev txav yog 3-5 km / h.
Lawv tau sim daws qhov teeb meem ntawm kev txhim kho kev txav chaw thiab kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm 105-mm howitzers los ntawm kev tsim lub teeb ci Pz. Kpfw. II Ausf F tus kheej-propelled phom loj nce Wespe.
Txawm li cas los xij, muaj qhov tsawg tsawg xws li SPGs - 676 units. Thiab lawv tsis tuaj yeem pom qhov nias qhov rub tawm howitzers.
Txawm hais tias qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim tshiab 105-mm howitzer, uas tau ua los ntawm ntau qhov chaw tsim khoom, cov neeg German tsis tau tswj hwm los npaj cov khoom lag luam loj ntawm cov hauv paus tshiab 105-mm faib phom. Vim li no, le. F. H. 18M howitzers tau tsim ntau kom txog rau thaum kev tsim khoom nres thaum Lub Peb Hlis 1945.
Raws li kev ntsuas ib ntus, ua ntej qhov tshiab 105-mm howitzer tau txais yuav, 10.5 cm le. FH18M lub thoob tau muab tso rau ntawm lub tsheb thauj mus los ntawm 75-mm phom tiv thaiv lub tank 7, 5 cm Pak 40. Qhov kev hloov kho no tau xaiv 10.5 cm le. FH18 / 40. Qhov hnyav ntawm "sib xyaw" hauv txoj haujlwm sib ntaus tau txo rau 1830 kg, qhov hnyav hauv qhov chaw khaws cia yog 2900 kg.
Txawm hais tias le. F. H.18 / 40 howitzer tau tsim nyob rau nruab nrab xyoo 1942, qhov tsis muaj peev xwm tsim khoom tiv thaiv nws cov khoom sai. Thawj pawg ntawm 9 "hybrid" howitzers tau xa hauv lub Peb Hlis 1943. Tab sis twb dhau los Lub Xya Hli 1943, Wehrmacht muaj 418 tus neeg ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm hom no. Txog thaum Lub Peb Hlis 1945, nws muaj peev xwm tsim tau 10245 le. F. H. 18/40.
Txawm hais tias qhov phom rab phom nees tsis ua tau raws li qhov xav tau niaj hnub no, ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm 105-mm le. F. H. 18/40 howitzers tau tsim nyob rau hauv cov qauv npaj rau kev thauj los ntawm pab pawg nees.
Hauv nruab nrab-1930s, tsis ntev tom qab pib tsim ntawm 10.5 cm le. F. H. 18 howitzers, nws tau txiav txim siab tso tseg cov phom loj hauv kev faib phom loj. Nyob rau lub sijhawm ua ntej ua tsov rog, cov phom loj uas txuas rau cov tub rog sib cais tau siv riam phom nkaus xwb-105-mm lub teeb thiab hnyav 150 mm. Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb rau qhov kev txiav txim siab no yog xav kom ua kom zoo dua qub hauv cov phom loj ntawm cov tub rog ntawm cov tebchaws nyob sib ze: feem ntau ntawm lawv cov phom loj sib faib tau sawv cev los ntawm rab phom 75-76 hli.
Txog rau xyoo 1939, ob lub foob pob hluav taws tau muab kev pabcuam tua hluav taws rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm Wehrmacht cov tub rog sib faib: lub teeb (105-mm howitzers) thiab hnyav (150-mm howitzers). Tom qab hloov mus rau lub xeev ua tsov ua rog, cov tub rog hnyav tau raug tshem tawm ntawm kev sib cais.
Tom qab ntawd, ua haujlwm thoob plaws hauv kev ua rog tag nrho, lub koom haum ntawm cov tub rog tawg rog lub foob pob hluav taws tseem tsis tau hloov pauv: cov tub rog siv phom suav nrog peb kev sib cais, thiab hauv txhua ntawm lawv-peb plaub lub phom phom ntawm 105-hli howitzers.
Txawm li cas los xij, yuav muaj kev xaiv.
Vim tias tsis muaj qhov ntsuas ntawm 10.5 cm le. FH18 tsev neeg, lawv tuaj yeem hloov pauv ib nrab los ntawm qhov qub 10.5 cm le. FH16, Soviet tau ntes cov phom 76-hli phom F-22-USV thiab ZiS-3, ntxiv rau -barreled 150-mm dav hlau mortars Nebelwerfer 41.
Thaum xub thawj, cov tub rog siv phom loj ntawm cov tsheb loj (panzergrenadier) sib cais hauv cov qauv rau cov tub rog sib faib ua tub rog - peb qhov kev faib peb lub roj teeb (36 howitzers). Tom qab ntawd, kev sib sau ua ke ntawm cov tub rog tau raug txo mus rau ob qhov kev sib cais (24 phom).
Kev faib lub tank thaum xub thawj muaj ob qhov sib cais ntawm 105-mm howitzers, txij li nws cov tub rog tub rog tseem suav nrog kev faib hnyav (150-mm howitzers thiab phom 105-mm). Txij li xyoo 1942, ib qho ntawm kev sib faib ntawm cov teeb pom kev zoo li cas tau hloov los ntawm kev faib cov phom loj ntawm tus kheej rau ntawm Wespe lossis Hummel cov phom tua tus kheej.
Xyoo 1944, txhawm rau txhawm rau txhim kho kev tswj hwm, kev faib cov teeb pom kev zoo li cas hauv lub tank sib cais tau hloov pauv kev hloov pauv: hloov peb lub roj teeb plaub rab phom, ob lub phom phom rau phom tau qhia rau hauv nws cov lus.
Ntxiv nrog rau kev faib phom loj, 105-mm howitzers tau siv hauv cov phom loj ntawm RGK.
Yog li, xyoo 1942, kev tsim cov tsheb sib cais sib cais ntawm 105-mm howitzers tau ua tiav. Peb qhov kev sib faib ntawm lub teeb howitzers (tag nrho ntawm 36 rab phom) yog ib feem ntawm 18th Artillery Division - tsuas yog chav tsev ntawm hom no hauv Wehrmacht uas tau muaj txog thaum lub Plaub Hlis 1944. Nyob rau lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 1944, kev tsim Volksartillery corps tau pib, ib qho ntawm cov kev xaiv rau cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm cov tub rog zoo li no tau muab rau thaum muaj cov tub rog caij tsheb nrog 18 105-mm howitzers.
Txij li xyoo 1942, RSO (Raupenschlepper Ost) cov tsheb laij teb tau siv los rub 105 mm howitzers. Piv rau cov tsheb laij teb ib nrab, nws yog lub tshuab yooj yim dua thiab pheej yig dua. Tab sis qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev nrawm ntawm howitzers tsuas yog 17 km / h (piv rau 40 km / h rau ib nrab tsheb laij teb).
Thaum pib Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, cov tub rog ntawm Nazi Lub Tebchaws Yelemees muaj 4,845 lub teeb 105-mm howitzers. Cov no feem ntau yog phom le. F. H.18, tshwj tsis yog ob peb lub qub zog le. F. H.16, nrog rau yav dhau los Austrian thiab Czech howitzers. Txog lub Plaub Hlis 1, 1940, lub dav hlau teeb pom kev zoo tau nce mus rau 5381 units, thiab txog rau Lub Rau Hli 1, 1941 - txog 7076 units.
Txawm hais tias muaj kev poob hnyav nyob rau Sab Hnub Poob, 105-hli lub teeb pom kev zoo tseem muaj ntau heev nyob hauv kev ua rog. Piv txwv li, thaum Lub Tsib Hlis 1, 1944, Wehrmacht muaj 7996 howitzers, thiab thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1-7372 (txawm li cas los xij, hauv ob qho tib si, tsis tsuas yog rub, tab sis 105-mm rab phom npaj rau Wespe thiab StuH 42 cov phom tua tus kheej rau hauv tus account). Hauv tag nrho, kev lag luam lees txais 19,104 le. F. H. 18 howitzers ntawm txhua qhov kev hloov kho. Thiab lawv tseem yog lub hauv paus ntawm Wehrmacht qhov kev faib phom loj kom txog thaum kawg ntawm kev tawm tsam.
Hauv kev tshuaj xyuas German le. F. H. 18 howitzers, nws yuav tsim nyog los sib piv lawv nrog Soviet 122mm M-30 howitzer, uas suav tias yog ib qho zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Soviet cov phom loj uas siv hauv Kev Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II.
Kev faib tub rog Soviet li qub M-30 tau zoo dua me ntsis rau le. F. H. 18 ntawm thawj qhov kev hloov kho raws li qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev tua ntau yam (11800 m piv rau 10675 m). Txawm li cas los xij, hauv cov ntawv tom qab, qhov sib tua ntawm German 105-mm howitzers tau nce mus rau 12,325 m.
Lub kaum sab xis siab dua (+63, 5 °) ntawm M-30 chim ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua tiav txoj kev nqes hav ntawm txoj haujlwm taug mus piv rau le. F. H18, thiab, yog li ntawd, ua tau zoo dua thaum tua ntawm cov yeeb ncuab lub zog trenches thiab dugouts. Hais txog lub zog, 122-mm projectile hnyav 21, 76 kg kom meej meej zoo dua 105-mm projectile hnyav 14, 81 kg. Tab sis kev them nyiaj rau qhov no yog 400 kg ntau dua ntawm M-30 hauv txoj haujlwm sib ntaus, thiab, raws li, kev txav mus tsis zoo tshaj plaws. Qhov ua tau zoo ntawm qhov hluav taws kub ntawm German le. F. H.18 yog 1.5-2 rds / min siab dua.
Zuag qhia tag nrho, German 105mm howitzers tau ua tiav zoo heev. Thiab lawv ua tiav kev daws teeb meem nrog kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm, nyob hauv qhov qhib lossis nyob tom qab lub teeb npog, nrog kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub zog tiv thaiv lub teeb, tshem tawm cov ntsiab lus tua thiab phom loj. Hauv ntau qhov xwm txheej, le. F. H. 18 teeb lub teeb, teeb tsa hluav taws ncaj qha, ua tiav cov kev tawm tsam ntawm Soviet nruab nrab thiab cov tso tsheb hlau hnyav.
Kev siv German 105-mm howitzers hauv Red Army
Thawj leFHH 18 howitzers raug ntes los ntawm Red Army thaum pib ua tsov rog thiab qee zaum siv lawv tawm tsam lawv tus tswv qub thaum lub caij ntuj sov thiab lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 1941. Nyob rau xyoo 1941 thiab thaum ntxov xyoo 1942, vim huab cua tuag ntau heev los ntawm nees los ntawm qhov txias thiab tsis muaj zaub mov, thaum lub sij hawm tom qab kev tawm tsam sai sai ntawm Cov Tub Rog Liab, cov neeg German tau cuam tshuam ntau lub kaum tawm lub teeb 105-mm teb howitzers.
Ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm qhov tau ntes le. F. H. 18 rab phom tsis raug xaj, tab sis qee qhov ntawm cov neeg ua pov thawj tau ua pov thawj kom haum rau siv ntxiv. Thaum muaj cov mos txwv, lawv tau tua ntawm lub hom phiaj pom.
Tab sis nws tsuas yog xyoo 1942 uas nws tau los kawm puv ntoob ntawm 105-mm howitzers ntawm thaj chaw kawm Soviet. Los ntawm kev tshaj tawm cov ntaub ntawv khaws tseg, nws ua raws li qhov kev tshawb fawb tau ua tiav ntawm kev tso phom thaum ntxov yam tsis muaj lub qhov ncauj nres. Kev sib tw ntawm cov tub ceev xwm tau ua tiav ntawm nws tus kheej ntawm Gorokhovets qhov kev tshawb fawb phom loj (ANIOP) thiab ntawm GAU kev sim tshuaj tiv thaiv dav hlau sib ntaus sib tua (NIZAP).
Cov kws tshaj lij hauv tebchaws Soviet tau sau tseg tias kev ua haujlwm thiab kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm rab phom zoo ib yam nrog cov kev xav tau niaj hnub no. Cov txheej txheem, 105-mm howitzer yog yooj yim thiab thev naus laus zis siab dua. Hauv nws cov khoom lag luam, cov hlau tsis tshua muaj thiab hlau tsis siv. Stamping yog siv dav, uas yuav tsum muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau tus nqi ntawm kev tsim khoom. Ib tug xov tooj ntawm cov kev daws teeb meem tau pom tias tsim nyog kaw kev kawm. Phom phom maneuverability tau pom tias txaus siab.
Tom qab swb ntawm pab pawg German puag ncig ntawm Stalingrad, peb cov tub rog tau txais ntau pua pua 105-mm howitzers, uas muaj kev sib txawv ntawm kev nyab xeeb, thiab ntau ntawm cov phom loj. Tom qab ntawd, feem ntau ntawm kev ua tsis ncaj ncees thiab puas ntsoog raug ntes le. F. H. 18 rab phom tau kho ntawm cov chaw lag luam hauv Soviet, tom qab ntawd lawv tau xa mus rau lub chaw tso phom loj ntawm cov kab hauv ntej.
Ua haujlwm tau zoo thiab rov qab tau 105-mm tau ntes cov tub rog tau xa mus rau cov phom loj ntawm kev sib faib phom, qhov uas lawv, suav nrog Soviet 122-mm howitzers thiab rab phom 76-mm, tau siv ua ib feem ntawm kev sib faib phom loj.
Kev saib xyuas ntau tau them rau kev qhia ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm uas tau siv phom German hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua. Txhawm rau qhia tus kheej thiab cov thawj coj ntawm cov khoom plig tau txais txiaj ntsig li. FHH 18, cov chav kawm luv tau teeb tsa nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej. Thiab cov thawj coj roj teeb tau ua haujlwm ntau ntxiv hauv kev qhia tom qab.
Tua cov rooj, cov npe ntawm cov npe mos txwv tau muab txhais ua lus Lavxias thiab phau ntawv qhia ua haujlwm tau tshaj tawm.
Ntxiv rau kev cob qhia cov neeg ua haujlwm, qhov muaj peev xwm siv phom ntes los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab tau txiav txim siab los ntawm kev muaj cov mos txwv uas tsis tau tsim los ntawm kev lag luam hauv Soviet. Hauv qhov no, pab pawg muab khoom plig tau teeb tsa cov phom thiab cov phom rau cov phom. Thaum tsis muaj qhov tsim nyog tau txais kev pab riam phom nyob rau hauv cov haujlwm ntawm pem hauv ntej, cov mos txwv tau pauv mus rau cov chaw khaws khoom, los ntawm qhov chaw uas cov khoom siv nrog cov khoom siv tau twb tau muab nruab nrab.
Tom qab Red Army tau tuav lub tswv yim phiaj xwm thiab mus rau qhov kev tawm tsam loj, cov neeg raug ntes 105-mm howitzers hauv cov phom loj ntawm Red Army tau nce ntau.
Qee lub sij hawm lawv tau siv cov lej suav nrog 76-mm cov phom sib faib ZiS-3 thiab 122-mm howitzers M-30, tab sis thaum kawg xyoo 1943, kev tsim cov tub rog sib ntaus sib tua, nruab nrog cov phom German ua, pib.
Txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau muaj peev xwm tawm tsam ntawm kev sib faib phom uas ua rau kev tawm tsam kev ua phem, cov lus txib ntawm Red Army tau pib qhia txog cov roj teeb ntxiv ntawm 105-hli tau ntes cov tub rog mus rau hauv cov tub rog.
Yog li, thaum pov tseg ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm rab phom loj ntawm pab tub rog 13, hnub tim 31 Lub Peb Hlis 1944, hais txog txoj cai ntawm tus thawj coj ntawm cov phom loj ntawm 1st Ukrainian Pem Hauv Ntej, nws tau hais txog qhov xav tau los npaj kev sau thiab kho khoom plig thiab khoom siv hauv tsev hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab tsim ib rab phom 4 lub roj teeb ntxiv ntawm 105 mm howitzers hauv txhua qhov kev siv phom loj.
Thaum kawg ntawm kev ua tsov rog, tau txais cov lus qhia rau pem hauv ntej raug ntes 105-mm howitzers (kom ze li sai tau rau tus yeeb ncuab lub hauv ntej kab) thiab siv lawv los rhuav tshem cov chaw tiv thaiv, cov ntsiab lus tua ntev thiab ua kom hla mus tank teeb meem. Thaum pom muaj cov mos txwv txaus, nws tau xaj kom ua kev kub ntxhov rau ntawm thaj chaw sib sib zog nqus ntawm tus yeeb ncuab tiv thaiv.
Hauv cov txheej txheem khaws cov ntaub ntawv rau qhov kev tshaj tawm no, nws tsis muaj peev xwm nrhiav tau cov ntaub ntawv ntseeg tau tias muaj pes tsawg le. F. H. 18 howitzers thiab mos txwv rau lawv raug ntes los ntawm Red Army. Tab sis suav nrog tus lej ntawm cov phom tua thiab qhov txaus siab ntawm cov tub rog German nrog lawv thaum kawg xyoo 1945, Cov Tub Rog Liab tuaj yeem tau txais ntau dua 1000 rab phom thiab ntau pua txhiab txhaj rau lawv.
Tom qab kev lees paub ntawm Nazi Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, 105-mm howitzers, muaj nyob hauv pab tub rog thiab tsom mus rau ntawm cov ntsiab lus sau ntawm cov riam phom raug ntes, tau raug teeb meem. Cov phom, muaj qhov ua tau zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem thiab muaj peev txheej txaus, tau xa mus rau qhov chaw khaws cia, qhov uas lawv tau khaws cia kom txog rau thaum xyoo 1960s.
Kev siv German 105-mm howitzers hauv cov tub rog ntawm lwm lub xeev
Ntxiv rau Tebchaws Yelemees, rab phom 10.5 cm tau siv rau hauv lwm lub tebchaws.
Xyoo 1930s lig, 105-mm howitzers tau ua kev cai raus dej los ntawm hluav taws hauv Spain. Thiab kom txog rau thaum ib nrab ntawm xyoo 1950, muaj qee qhov nyiaj ntawm le. F. H. 18 hauv lub tebchaws no. Txawm tias ua ntej kev tawm tsam ntawm USSR, cov khoom siv zoo li no tau muab rau Hungary. Slovakia xyoo 1944 muaj 53 tus neeg raug kaw. Thaum lub sijhawm tshaj tawm kev ua tsov rog rau tebchaws Yelemes, Bulgaria muaj 166 105 mm le. F. H. 18 rab phom. Finland xyoo 1944 tau txais 53 le. F. H.18M howitzers thiab 8 le. F. H.18 / 40 howitzers. Neutral Sweden yuav 142 le. F. H. 18 rab phom. Qhov kawg Swedish le. F. H. 18 howitzers tau tso tseg hauv xyoo 1982. Lub teb chaws Yelemees kuj tau xa 105 hli lub teeb li cas mus rau Tuam Tshoj thiab Portugal.
Cov tub rog North Kauslim thiab Suav tau siv tus lej tseem ceeb ntawm German ua 105mm howitzers tawm tsam UN rog hauv Kauslim.
Xyoo 1960 thiab 1970s, pab tub rog Portuguese siv 105mm howitzers tawm tsam cov neeg tawm tsam thaum muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv Angola, Guinea-Bissau thiab Mozambique.
Tom qab kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, kev ua tiav ntawm German 105-mm howitzers tau nthuav dav. Ntxiv rau cov tebchaws saum toj no, lawv tau txais los ntawm Albania, Poland, Fabkis, Czechoslovakia thiab Yugoslavia.
Hauv cov tebchaws uas tom qab koom nrog Warsaw Pact, German 105-mm howitzers tau ua haujlwm kom txog rau thaum ib nrab ntawm xyoo 1950, tom qab uas lawv tau hloov los ntawm Soviet cov phom loj.
Tau ntev, ntes 105-mm howitzers tau ua haujlwm hauv Yugoslavia. Thawj lub roj teeb ntawm le. F. H. 18M howitzers raug ntes los ntawm 1st Proletarian Division thaum ntxov 1943.
Hauv ib nrab ntawm xyoo 1944, tus lej tseem ceeb ntawm le. F. 18 raug ntes los ntawm Yugoslavs hauv Dalmatia, thiab tsis ntev tom qab kev ua tsov rog ntxiv 84 105mm German howitzers tau txais los ntawm Cov Phooj Ywg.
Thaum xub thawj, cov lus txib ntawm Yugoslav pab tub rog yav tom ntej xav tias yuav rov nruab nrog Soviet rab phom loj ntawm kev sib faib sib faib, thiab los ntawm 1948 Yugoslavia hloov 55 German howitzers rau Albania. Tab sis tom qab so nrog USSR, cov txheej txheem tshem tawm cov cuab yeej siv German los ntawm kev pabcuam raug kaw. Xyoo 1951, Yugoslavia tau txais 100 leFHH 18/40 howitzers thiab 70,000 ncig los ntawm Fabkis. Cov phom xa los ntawm Fab Kis txawv ntawm tus thawj German los ntawm lub log ntawm cov qauv ua ntej ua tsov rog Fabkis.
Ntxiv mus, hauv Yugoslavia, raws le le FHH 18, xyoo 1951 lawv tsim lawv tus kheej 105-mm howitzer, yoog raws nws rau kev tua Asmeskas-style 105-mm projectiles. Kev tsim cov phom no, hu ua M-56, tau pib xyoo 1956. M-56 howitzers tau xa mus rau Guatemala, Indonesia, Iraq, Mexico, Myanmar thiab El Salvador.
M-56 howitzers tau nquag siv los ntawm ob tog sib ntaus sib tua thaum xyoo 1992-1996 kev ua tsov rog. Hauv ntau qhov xwm txheej, lawv tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ua siab phem. Piv txwv li, thaum lub foob pob ntawm Croatian lub nroog Dubrovnik xyoo 1991 thiab thaum lub sij hawm raug kaw ntawm Sarajevo xyoo 1992-1996.
Ua raws li qhov tseeb tias txij li Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 31, 1960, muaj 216 kev ua haujlwm German howitzers hauv Yugoslavia, thiab cov foob pob rau lawv tau khiav tawm, nws tau txiav txim siab hloov kho lawv niaj hnub no los ntawm kev tso M-56 chim rau ntawm le. FH 18 tsheb thauj mus los. Kev hloov kho tshiab Yugoslav howitzers tau txais lub npe M18 / 61.
Thaum lub sijhawm ua tsov rog hauv tebchaws uas tau pib tom qab kev sib tsoo ntawm Yugoslavia, M18 / 61 rab phom tau siv los ntawm txhua pawg neeg ua rog. Xyoo 1996, raws li kev pom zoo txo qis caj npab hauv cheeb tsam, pab tub rog Serbian tau tso tseg 61 M18 / 61 howitzers. Hauv pab tub rog ntawm Bosnia thiab Herzegovina, plaub rab phom no tseem nyob, uas tau tso tseg tsuas yog xyoo 2007.
Ib tus neeg ua haujlwm loj tshaj plaws ntawm German 105-mm howitzers nyob rau thaum ntxov xyoo tom qab tsov rog yog Czechoslovakia, uas tau txais txog 300 le. F. 18 rab phom ntawm ntau yam kev hloov kho.
Thaum xub thawj, lawv tau ua haujlwm hauv lawv daim ntawv qub. Tab sis thaum xyoo 1950, ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm cov phom tau hloov kho tshiab. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov phom loj le. F. H. 18/40 tau muab tso rau ntawm lub tsheb thauj neeg ntawm Soviet 122 mm M-30 howitzer. Cov phom no tau txais lub npe 105 mm H vz. 18/49.
Txawm li cas los xij, los ntawm 1960s thaum ntxov, Czechs muag feem ntau ntawm "hybrid" 105-mm howitzers rau Syria, qhov uas lawv tau siv hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua Arab-Israeli.
Kev siv dag zog ntawm 105-mm Soviet-German "hybrids" ntawm Czechoslovak kev tsim khoom hauv pab tub rog Syrian txuas ntxiv mus txog rau nruab nrab xyoo 1970s. Tom qab ntawd, cov phom uas muaj sia nyob raug xa mus rau cov hauv paus hauv paus thiab siv rau lub hom phiaj kev qhia.
Thaum muaj kev ua tsov rog hauv SAR, cov tub rog Syrian tau tswj hwm txeeb chaw tso phom loj, qhov twg (ntawm lwm qhov piv txwv) muaj 105 mm H vz. 18/49 howitzers. Ob peb ntawm cov riam phom no tau siv hauv kev sib ntaus.
Thiab ib qho 105-mm howitzer tau nthuav tawm hauv Patriot Park hauv kev nthuav tawm tshwj xeeb rau kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv zej zog hauv Syrian Arab Republic.
