German 20-mm nrawm-tua phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau tau suav tias yog qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo txhais tau tias cuam tshuam nrog huab cua huab cua ntawm qhov chaw siab. Txawm li cas los xij, nrog txhua qhov zoo ntawm Flak 28, FlaK 30 thiab Flak 38 phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau, lawv qhov hluav taws kub tsis tas li txaus kom ntseeg siab yeej lub hom phiaj txav nrawm, thiab Flakvierling 38 quad mounts hnyav heev thiab tsis yooj yim. Cov txiaj ntsig puas tsuaj ntawm 20-mm tawg ua ib pawg zoo li tseem me heev, thiab ntau qhov kev tsoo feem ntau yuav tsum tau ua kom ntseeg tau xiam lub dav hlau tiv thaiv phom. Ib qho ntxiv, ntxiv rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau tawg thiab ua rau lub foob pob tawg loj, nws yog qhov xav tau kom nce qhov kev tua kom zoo thiab nce mus txog qhov siab.
Txawm li cas los xij, Cov Neeg German tau muaj qee qhov kev paub siv rab phom 25 hli Fab Kis tiv thaiv dav hlau 25 mm CA mle 39 thiab 25 mm CA mle 40, muab los ntawm Hotchkiss. Rau lawv lub sijhawm, cov no yog cov khoom siv niaj hnub no: 25 mm CA mle 39 muaj lub log txav mus los tau, thiab 25 mm CA mle 40 tau teeb tsa ntawm lub nkoj ntawm cov nkoj thiab hauv txoj haujlwm nyob ruaj khov.
Phom tiv thaiv dav hlau 25 mm CA mle 39 yog qhov loj tshaj thiab hnyav tshaj li 20 mm German FlaK 30/38. Hauv kev tawm tsam, Fab Kis tiv thaiv lub dav hlau phom tshuab phom hnyav 1150 kg. Tus nqi hluav taws kub zoo ib yam li ntawm FlaK 30 - 240 puag ncig / min. Cov khoom noj tau muab los ntawm lub khw muag khoom tshem tau rau 15 lub plhaub. Kev tua hluav taws zoo - mus txog 3000 m. Qhov siab mus txog - 2000 m. Lub kaum sab xis ntsug: -10 ° - 85 °. Kev tua hluav taws zoo - mus txog 3000 m. Qab nthab - 2000 m.
Hais txog qhov ua kom puas tsuaj, 25-hli Fab Kis zoo li tseem ceeb tshaj li 20-hli German zoo li. Lub foob pob hluav taws siab 25-mm projectile hnyav 240 g tawm ntawm lub thoob nrog qhov pib ceev ntawm 900 m / s thiab muaj 10 g ntawm cov khoom tawg. Thaum tsoo daim ntawv duralumin, nws tsim lub qhov, thaj tsam uas kwv yees li ob zaug loj dua li ntawm qhov tawg ntawm 20-mm projectile uas muaj 3 g ntawm qhov tawg. Ntawm qhov deb li ntawm 300 metres, lub foob pob ua phom tiv thaiv hnyav 260 g, nrog qhov pib ceev ntawm 870 m / s raws li ib txwm muaj, tho 28-mm armor.
Tom qab kev ua haujlwm ntawm Fabkis, cov neeg German tau txais txog plaub puas 25-hli phom tiv thaiv dav hlau. Hauv Wehrmacht, 25 mm CA mle 39 mount tau txais lub npe 2.5 cm Flak 39 (f). Feem ntau ntawm 25-mm rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau ntawm Fab Kis keeb kwm tau muab tso rau hauv lub zog tiv thaiv ntawm phab ntsa Atlantic, tab sis qee qhov 25-hli Fab Kis ua cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tseem tau xaus rau Sab Hnub Tuaj.
Cov neeg tua phom German tiv thaiv lub dav hlau tau txaus siab heev nrog kev tua ntau ntawm rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau Fabkis, thiab qhov ua tau zoo ntawm 25-hli zoo li. Txawm li cas los xij, kev suav suav tau qhia tias nws muaj peev xwm ua kom muaj kev puas tsuaj loj dua thiab tua ntau yam los ntawm kev nce lub peev xwm ntawm cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau mus rau 30-hli, thiab kom ntseeg tau tias yuav tsum tau tua hluav taws, nws yog qhov tsim nyog siv daim kab xev fais fab.
German 30-mm anti-aircraft phom
Thawj lub phom German 30-mm tiv thaiv dav hlau yog cov kws kho tshuab rab phom MK.103 tau teeb tsa rau ntawm qhov chaw khoov.
Tsis siv neeg rab phom MK.103 tsis muaj mos txwv hnyav 145 kg. Qhov hnyav ntawm lub thawv nrog kab xev rau 100 txhaj tshuaj yog 94 kg. Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tshuab ua haujlwm tau sib xyaw: kev tshem tawm ntawm lub tes tsho, kev muab cov kab ntawv tom ntej thiab kev nce qib ntawm daim kab xev tshwm sim vim qhov rov qab luv luv ntawm lub thoob, thiab tshem tawm cov hmoov av tau siv los tsoo lub qhov rooj thiab qhib lub qhov txhab. Cov khoom noj tau muab los ntawm cov hlau xoob siv 70-125 puag ncig ntev. Tus nqi hluav taws - txog 420 rds / min.
Txij li rab phom no muaj zog thim rov qab, nws tau siv rau qhov txwv qis raws li ib feem ntawm kev ua tub rog ntawm ib leeg-cav sib ntaus. Kev tsim ntau ntawm MK.103 tau ua tiav los ntawm Lub Xya Hli 1942 txog Lub Ob Hlis 1945. Los ntawm nruab nrab ntawm xyoo 1944, cov lej tseem ceeb ntawm cov phom 30-mm tsis tau lees paub tau ntim hauv cov chaw khaws khoom, uas dhau los ua qhov laj thawj rau lawv siv rau hauv kev tiv thaiv dav hlau.
Thaum lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1943, thawj rab phom 30 hli tau muab tso rau ntawm qhov qub thiab zoo li cov nyom. Yog li, cov kws tshaj lij hauv av tau sim ua kom muaj zog tiv thaiv huab cua ntawm German tshav dav hlau.
Txawm hais tias tsis pom qhov tsis zoo, kev teeb tsa cov khoom siv tes ua tau pom tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thaum tua ntawm lub hom phiaj huab cua. Lub pob zeb tawg 30-hli siab thiab tawg loj heev tau ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj tshaj: 3 cm M. Gesch. o. Zerl thiab 3 cm M. Gesch. Lspur. o. Zerl. Thawj qhov projectile hnyav 330 g muaj 80 g ntawm TNT, qhov thib ob, nrog qhov hnyav ntawm 320 g, tau ntim nrog 71 g ntawm phlegmatized RDX sib xyaw nrog hmoov txhuas. Rau kev sib piv: Soviet 37-mm fragmentation-tracer projectile UOR-167 hnyav 0.732 g, uas tau suav nrog hauv cov mos txwv ntawm 61-K tiv thaiv lub dav hlau phom tshuab, muaj 37 g ntawm TNT.
Txog kev tsim khoom tshwj xeeb muaj zog 30-hli qhov projectiles nrog qhov sib xyaw ua kom tawg siab heev, siv tshuab "nqus cov duab", ua raws li kev tshem tawm ntawm lub cev hlau nrog cov dej ntws ntau zaus. Kev ntaus txawm tias ib leeg 30-hli siab tawg thiab ua rau lub foob pob tawg loj nyob hauv Il-2 lub dav hlau nres tau lees tias yuav ua rau lub dav hlau poob qis.
Kev txiav txim siab txog kev ua tiav ntawm kev siv phom 30-mm tiv thaiv lub dav hlau, cov kws tsim qauv ntawm Waffenfabrik Mauser AG hla lub dav hlau MK.103 nrog lub 20-hli Flak 38 phom tiv thaiv dav hlau. tawm mus ua tau zoo heev.
Ua kom lub peev xwm nce ntxiv los ntawm 20 txog 30 hli ua rau kev teeb tsa kwv yees li 30% nyuaj dua. Qhov hnyav ntawm 3.0 cm Flak 103/38 hauv txoj haujlwm thauj khoom yog 879 kg, tom qab sib cais ntawm lub log mus - 619 kg. Qhov ua tau zoo ntawm rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau 30-mm tau nce txog li 1.5 npaug. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov ua tau zoo ntawm qhov hluav taws kub tau nce los ntawm 20-25%. Qhov hnyav dua 30-mm projectile poob nws lub zog qeeb dua, qhov siab tshaj oblique tua ntau ntawm cov hom phiaj huab cua yog 5700 m, qhov siab nce mus txog 4500 m.
Kev sib ntaus ntawm cov hluav taws tau nce ntau vim yog siv txoj siv pub mis thiab lub thawv rau 40 lub plhaub. Ib qho ntxiv, lub zog ntawm 30-mm projectile yog ob zaug loj dua li 20-mm projectile. Nws tau sim ua piv txwv tias feem ntau, kom kov yeej lub dav hlau tua phom lossis lub tshuab ntxaib ntxaib lub foob pob, tsis pub ntau tshaj ob qhov tsoo los ntawm cov khoom tawg lossis ib qho tsoo los ntawm cov foob pob tawg loj.
Los ntawm kev sib piv nrog 20-mm plaub-rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau 2.0 cm Flakvierling 38, thaum kawg xyoo 1944, 3.0 cm Flakvierling 103/38 tau tsim los siv rab phom MK.103. Piv rau 2.0 cm Flakvierling 38, qhov hnyav ntawm 3.0 cm Flakvierling 103/38 hauv qhov chaw tua hluav taws tau nce li 300 kg. Tab sis qhov nce ntawm qhov hnyav tau ntau dua li offset los ntawm cov yam ntxwv sib ntaus sib tua. Hauv 6 vib nas this, chav plaub plaub tuaj yeem tua 160 lub foob pob tawg tas li, nrog rau tag nrho qhov hnyav ntawm 72 kg.
Sab nrauv, 30-hli plaub fab sib txawv los ntawm 2.0 cm Flakvierling 38 nyob rau hauv ntev dua thiab tuab tuab tau nruab nrog ntau chav sib nqus muzzle nres thiab lub thawv cylindrical rau txoj siv sia.
Raws li qhov xwm txheej ntawm rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau 20-mm, ib rab phom thiab plaub rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau raws li MK.103 tau siv nyob rau hauv qhov rub tawm, muab tso rau ntawm lub cev ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm tiv thaiv tub rog, tso tsheb hlau luam, thiab tseem tau teeb tsa tsheb lub cev thiab ntawm cov tsheb ciav hlau.
Txawm hais tias tau npaj los npaj kev tsim cov phom loj ib leeg thiab plaub npaug ntawm cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau, thiab hauv ib nrab ntawm xyoo 1944 tau xaj xaj rau 2000 Flakvierling 103/38 thiab 500 Flakvierling 103/38, kev lag luam ntawm Peb Reich tsis muaj peev xwm ua tau raws li cov phiaj xwm tsim khoom ntau lawm. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, me ntsis ntau dua 500 ib leeg-barreled thiab quadruple units tau pauv mus rau cov neeg siv khoom, thiab vim tias muaj tus txheeb ze tsawg ntawm lawv, lawv tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam zoo rau qhov kev ua phem.
Kev ntxiv dag zog rau kev tiv thaiv lub dav hlau tiv thaiv submarine ntawm cov phooj ywg thiab nce kev poob ntawm German submarines yuav tsum tau hloov ntawm 37-hli ib nrab tsis siv neeg phom tiv thaiv dav hlau SK C / 30U, uas thauj khoom tau nqa tawm ib puag ncig ib zaug, thiab yog li ntawd, kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm hluav taws tsis tshaj 30 rds / min.
Xyoo 1943, kringsmarine hais kom pib tsim kev sib txuas ntawm 30-mm tiv thaiv lub dav hlau phom tshuab. Ntxiv rau qhov nce ntawm qhov hluav taws kub, thaum tswj kev tua ntawm rab phom 37-mm, rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau 30 hli tshiab yuav tsum yog lub teeb me me, me me thiab ntseeg tau.
Thaum lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1944, lub tuam txhab Waffenwerke Brünn (raws li Czech Zbrojovka Brno tau hu ua lub sijhawm ua rog) nthuav qhia rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau ntxaib rau kev sim, uas tau txais lub npe 3,0 cm MK. 303 (Br) (tseem hu ua 3.0 cm Flakzwilling MK. 303 (Br)).
Tsis zoo li 3, 0 cm Flak 103/38 nrog txoj siv pub mis, rab phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau tshiab muaj lub tshuab pub mos txwv los ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm rau 10 lossis 15 lub plhaub, nrog rau qhov hluav taws kub los ntawm ob lub thoob mus txog 900 rds / min. Ua tsaug rau lub thoob ntev, lub qhov ncauj qhov ncauj ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv rab phom tau nce mus rau 900 m / s, uas ua rau kom muaj kev tua ntau ntawm cov hom phiaj huab cua.
Cov khoom lag luam 3.0 cm MK. 303 (Br) pib thaum kawg xyoo 1944. Ua ntej kev swb ntawm lub tebchaws Yelemes, ntau dua 220 khub ua 30-mm phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tau tsim. Txawm hais tias rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau yog 3.0 cm MK. 303 (Br) yog thawj lub hom phiaj rau kev teeb tsa ntawm lub nkoj loj, feem ntau ntawm 30-hli ntxaib tau siv rau ntawm thaj chaw nyob ruaj khov.
Kev siv cov ntes 30-hli phom tiv thaiv dav hlau
Vim qhov tseeb tias kev lag luam German tsis tuaj yeem tsim cov phom loj 30-mm tiv thaiv dav hlau, lawv txoj kev koom tes rau kev sib cav nrog Soviet, Asmeskas thiab Askiv lub dav hlau thaum xyoo ua tsov rog yog me me. Tsis zoo li 20-hli rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau, txawm hais tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo dua, tab sis tsawg tus lej, 30-hli phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tsis tau nthuav dav nyob rau xyoo tom qab ua tsov rog. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, hauv ntau lub tebchaws, lawv tau muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tshiab nrawm.
German 30-mm nrawm-phom loj tau ua tib zoo kawm los ntawm cov kws tshwj xeeb hauv Soviet. Tom qab kev sim ntawm kev ntes MK.103, nws tau txais kev tshuaj xyuas zoo. Hauv qhov xaus, raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev ntsuas, nws tau sau tseg tias 30-hli German rab phom tsis siv neeg nrog siv txoj siv pub muaj qhov hluav taws kub siab rau nws qhov muaj peev xwm. Kev tsim riam phom yog qhov yooj yim heev thiab ntseeg tau. Qhov tsis zoo tseem ceeb, raws li peb cov kws tshaj lij, yog lub zog poob siab thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm lub tshuab. Hais txog qhov nyuaj ntawm cov yam ntxwv sib ntaus, MK.103 tau tuav txoj haujlwm nruab nrab ntawm 23-mm VYa rab phom thiab 37-mm NS-37.
Czechoslovakia tau dhau los ua lub tebchaws nkaus xwb, nyob rau lub sijhawm tom qab ua tsov rog, rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau 30-mm, yav tas los tau siv nyob rau hauv pab tub rog ntawm Nazi Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, tau ua haujlwm zoo.
Raws li koj paub, Czechs tau siv ntau qhov kev txhim kho tsim los ntawm kev txiav txim ntawm Nazis, thiab nyob rau lub sijhawm tom qab ua tsov rog tau txhim kho cov qauv ntawm cov cuab yeej thiab riam phom ua nyob rau hauv Peb Reich.
Hauv nruab nrab xyoo 1950, cov tub rog tiv thaiv huab cua ntawm Czechoslovak pab tub rog pib xa M53 ob-barreled phom tiv thaiv dav hlau, uas tseem hu ua "30-mm anti-aircraft gun ZK.453 mod. Xyoo 1953 ". Cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau no muaj ntau yam zoo ib yam nrog 3.0 cm MK. 303 (Ib.).
Cov phom loj ib feem ntawm kev teeb tsa tau teeb tsa ntawm lub laub plaub lub log. Ntawm qhov chaw tua, nws tau dai rau ntawm lub tsho. Qhov hnyav hauv qhov chaw khaws cia yog 2100 kg, hauv qhov chaw sib ntaus - 1750 kg. Suav - 5 tus neeg.
Lub tshuab roj tsis siv neeg tau muab tag nrho cov nqi hluav taws los ntawm ob lub thoob ntawm 1000 rds / min. Cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tau pub los ntawm cov kab xev tawv rau 10 lub plhaub, qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua tiag tiag ntawm hluav taws yog 100 rds / min.
30-mm Czechoslovak anti-aircraft rab phom muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo siab. Lub foob pob hluav taws tawg hnyav uas hnyav 450 g tawm ntawm lub thoob 2363 mm ntev nrog thawj zaug ceev ntawm 1000 m / s. Oblique tua ntau ntawm cov hom phiaj huab cua - txog 3000 m.
Cov mos txwv thauj khoom suav nrog cov cuab yeej-tho qhov hluav taws xob tracer thiab cov tawg tawg tawg tawg tawg loj heev. Cov cuab yeej siv phom-tho lub foob pob hluav taws uas hnyav 540 g nrog qhov pib nrawm ntawm 1000 m / s ntawm qhov deb ntawm 300 m tuaj yeem nkag mus rau 50-mm hlau phom ua raws li ib txwm muaj.
Sib piv Czechoslovak ZK.453 nrog Soviet 23-mm ZU-23, nws tuaj yeem sau tseg tias kev teeb tsa 30-mm hnyav dua thiab muaj kev tua hluav taws tsawg dua, tab sis tib lub sijhawm thaj chaw tua hluav taws zoo yog kwv yees li 25% siab dua, thiab nws qhov projectile tau ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj … Paired towed thiab self-propelled units ZK.453 tau siv hauv kev tiv thaiv tub rog tiv thaiv Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Romania, Cuba, Guinea thiab Nyab Laj.
German 37 hli phom tiv thaiv dav hlau
Thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II, feem ntau ntawm cov tebchaws uas muaj kev sib cav muaj 37-40 hli phom tiv thaiv dav hlau. Piv rau cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau ntawm 20-mm thiab 30-mm caliber (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nrog plaub npaug), rab phom 37-mm muaj qhov sib ntaus sib tua tsawg dua ntawm cov hluav taws. Tab sis hnyav dua thiab muaj zog ntau dua 37-mm lub plhaub ua rau nws muaj peev xwm los daws cov phiaj huab cua ya ntawm qhov deb thiab qhov siab nkag tsis tau rau phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau ntawm lub zog me dua. Nrog ze qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshaj tawm thawj zaug, 37-mm projectile hnyav 2, 5-5, 8 zaug ntau dua li 20-30 mm, uas thaum kawg txiav txim siab qhov tseem ceeb tshaj hauv lub zog qhov ncauj.
Thawj lub tebchaws German 37-mm tsis siv neeg lub cannon yog 3.7 cm Flak 18 (3.7 cm Flugzeugabwehrkanone 18). Cov phom no tau tsim los ntawm cov kws tshaj lij ntawm Rheinmetall Borsig AG kev txhawj xeeb xyoo 1929 raws li kev txhim kho ntawm Solothurn Waffenfabrik AG lub tuam txhab. Kev lees paub raug lees paub rau kev pabcuam tau tshwm sim xyoo 1935.
Lub phom ntev 37-mm tau tsim thaum xub thawj los ua siv ob rab phom loj: los tawm tsam dav hlau thiab tsheb tiv thaiv. Vim tias qhov siab tshaj plaws pib nrawm ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv qhov projectile, rab phom no tuaj yeem tsoo lub tank nrog rab phom tiv thaiv.
Cov phom loj siv lub tshuab ua haujlwm vim yog lub zog thim rov qab nrog lub cev luv luv. Kev tua tau nqa tawm los ntawm kev nqa phom ntawm tus taw, txhawb nqa los ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig puag hauv av. Hauv qhov chaw khaws cia, rab phom tau thauj ntawm lub laub plaub lub log. Qhov hnyav ntawm rab phom hauv qhov chaw sib ntaus yog 1760 kg, hauv qhov chaw khaws cia - 3560 kg. Suav - 7 tus neeg. Lub kaum ntawm kev taw qhia ntsug: ntawm -7 ° txog +80 °. Nyob rau hauv lub dav hlau kab rov tav, muaj qhov ua rau muaj kev phom sij. Kev taw qhia tsav yog ob-ceev. Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm thaj tsam ntawm huab cua yog 4200 m.
Rau kev tua 3, 7 cm Flak 18, tau siv rab phom hu ua 37x263B. Cartridge hnyav - 1, 51-1, 57 kg. Cov cuab yeej siv phom-tho qhov projectile hnyav 680 g hauv lub thoob ntev ntawm 2106 hli nrawm rau 800 m / s. Lub thickness ntawm cov cuab yeej nkag los ntawm cov cuab yeej-tho tracer ntawm qhov deb ntawm 800 m ntawm lub kaum sab xis ntawm 60 ° yog 25 hli. Cov mos txwv thauj khoom kuj suav nrog kev txhaj tshuaj: nrog rau kev tawg-tawg, tawg-tawg thiab tawg-tawg-tawg-pov tseg-foob pob hluav taws, lub foob pob ua ntxaij-foob pob tawg loj heev, nrog rau subcaliber armor-piercing tracer projectile nrog cov carbide core. Lub hwj chim tau muab los ntawm 6-tus nqi kaw rau sab laug ntawm tus txais. Tus nqi hluav taws - txog 150 rds / min.
Feem ntau, rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau 37-mm tau ua haujlwm tau zoo thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tiv thaiv lub dav hlau ntawm qhov deb txog li 2000 m, thiab tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tau zoo tiv thaiv lub hom phiaj tiv thaiv me ntsis phom thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm hauv txoj kab kev-pom-pom. Txawm hais tias los ntawm qhov pib ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ob, rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau 37-hli no tau hloov pauv hauv kev tsim khoom nrog cov qauv ntau dua, nws txoj haujlwm tseem txuas ntxiv mus txog thaum muaj kev tawm tsam.
Thawj qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua siv 3, 7 cm Flak 18 tau tshwm sim hauv Spain, qhov uas rab phom ua tau zoo tag nrho. Txawm li cas los xij, cov neeg tua phom dav hlau yws yws txog qhov nyuaj ntawm kev rov tsim dua thiab thauj. Qhov hnyav ntawm rab phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau nyob hauv txoj haujlwm thauj yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev siv hnyav thiab tsis yooj yim plaub lub log "lub laub", uas tau rub los ntawm qhov nrawm tsis tshaj 30 km / h.
Hauv qhov no, xyoo 1936, siv lub foob pob ua ntxaij 3, 7 cm Flak 18 thiab rab phom tshiab nqa los, rab phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau 3, 7 cm Flak 36 tau tsim 2400 kg. Thaum tswj hwm cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws thiab qhov hluav taws kub ntawm qhov kev hloov kho yav dhau los, cov kev nce qib tau nce ntxiv nyob hauv thaj tsam ntawm -8 txog + 85 °.
Lub tsheb thauj khoom nrog plaub qhov kev txhawb nqa nrog kev pab ntawm lub saw winch raug tshem tawm thiab muab tso rau hauv ib lub tsheb qag hauv peb feeb. Kev nrawm nrawm nrawm nce mus rau 60 km / h.
Cov neeg tsim ntawm 3, 7 cm Flak 36 tswj kom ua tiav qhov kev tsim qauv zoo kawg nkaus ntawm rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau, thiab theem tom ntej hauv kev nce ntxiv hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm 37-hli phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tau nce ntxiv hauv qhov raug ntawm kev tua.
Kev hloov kho tom ntej, xaiv 3, 7 cm Flak 37, siv Sonderhänger 52 tiv thaiv lub dav hlau pom nrog ntsuas lub cuab yeej. Kev tswj hluav taws ntawm lub roj teeb tiv thaiv lub dav hlau tau ua tiav siv Flakvisier 40 rangefinder.
Kev teeb tsa ntawm 3, 7 cm Flak 37 pom kev sib txawv los ntawm cov qauv ua ntej los ntawm kev hloov kho lub tog raj kheej, uas cuam tshuam nrog kev siv tshuab yooj yim dua.
Feem ntau, 3, 7 cm Flak 36 thiab 3, 7 cm Flak 37 ua tau raws li qhov xav tau rau 37-mm phom tiv thaiv dav hlau. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum tua ntawm lub hom phiaj huab cua nrawm ntawm qhov deb txog li 1000 m, nws yog qhov xav tau kom nce tus nqi hluav taws. Xyoo 1943, Rheinmetall Borsig AG kev txhawj xeeb tau thov kom 37-mm rub phom tiv thaiv dav hlau 3, 7 cm Flak 43, txoj kev taw qhia ntsug ntawm lub tog raj kheej uas tau nce mus rau 90 °, thiab lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub tshuab siv phom loj tsis siv neeg. tau hloov kho qhov tseem ceeb. Txoj hlab ntsha tawg luv ntawm lub thoob thaum lub sijhawm rov ua haujlwm tau ua ke nrog lub tshuab ua pa lub tshuab pa uas qhib qhov ntsia liaj qhov rooj. Qhov kev poob siab ntxiv tau raug them los ntawm kev qhia txog lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav-hydraulic damper. Txhawm rau nce qhov ua tau zoo ntawm qhov hluav taws kub thiab qhov ntev ntawm qhov tawg tas mus li, tus naj npawb ntawm cov kab hauv cov yeeb yaj kiab tau nce mus rau 8 chav nyob.
Vim tias txhua qhov no, nws muaj peev xwm txo qis lub sijhawm xav tau los ua thaum tua phom, thiab qhov hluav taws kub tau nce mus rau 250-270 rds / min, uas me ntsis dhau tus nqi ntawm rab phom 20-mm tshuab 2, 0 cm FlaK 30. Tus nqi sib ntaus ntawm hluav taws yog 130 rds / min. Qhov hnyav hauv qhov chaw tua yog 1250 kg, hauv qhov chaw khaws cia - 2000 kg. Lub chim ntev, mos txwv thiab ballistics ntawm Flak 43 tseem tsis hloov pauv piv rau Flak 36.
Cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tau dhau los ua haujlwm yooj yim dua: txheej txheem thauj khoom tau yooj yim dua, thiab ib tus neeg tua phom tuaj yeem tswj tau rab phom. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv cov neeg coob, daim npog npog npog nrog ob lub flaps tau teeb tsa rau feem ntau ntawm cov kev sib tw rub 3, 7 cm Flak 43. Cov phom tau thauj mus los ntawm ib leeg-qag sprung trailer nrog pneumatic thiab tes nres, nrog rau lub winch rau txo qis thiab nce phom thaum nws tau hloov pauv los ntawm txoj haujlwm mus rau txoj haujlwm sib ntaus thiab lwm yam. Hauv qhov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb, tua los ntawm lub laub tau tso cai, thaum txoj haujlwm tua kab rov tav tsis tshaj 30 °. Chav tsev phom loj Flak 43 tau teeb tsa rau ntawm lub hauv paus peb sab nrog peb lub thav duab, uas nws tig. Lub txaj muaj lub tsho rau qib phom tiv thaiv dav hlau. Txhawm rau ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev tua hluav taws tiv thaiv dav hlau, lub hom phiaj nruab nrab los ntawm ib lub dav hlau tiv thaiv hluav taws tua hluav taws tau siv los ua lub hauv paus tseem ceeb. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ib tus neeg qhov muag tau khaws cia rau siv sab nraum 3, 7 cm Flak 43 tiv thaiv lub dav hlau roj teeb.
Ib txhij nrog qhov nce ntawm qhov hluav taws kub, vim qhov nce ntawm kev sib koom ntawm cov khoom ntim, cov thev naus laus zis rau kev tsim cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tau zoo dua thiab kev siv hlau tau raug txo. Qhov no, nyeg, ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tsim tau sai sai ntawm cov khoom tshiab ntawm 37-mm tiv thaiv dav hlau phom. Thaum Lub Xya Hli 1944, tau xa phom 180 phom, thaum lub Kaum Ob Hlis - 450 rab phom. Thaum Lub Peb Hlis 1945, 1,032 3, 7 cm Flak 43 rab phom tau ua haujlwm.
Ua ke nrog 3, 7 cm Flak 43, kev tsim ntxaib Flakzwilling 43 tau tsim. Cov tshuab rab phom loj nyob hauv nws tau nyob ib qho saum toj no ib leeg, thiab cov nyom uas cov tshuab tau teeb tsa tau txuas nrog ib leeg los ntawm kev sib zog ua ib qho duab sib dhos. Txhua rab phom tau nyob hauv nws tus menyuam txaj thiab tsim ib qho viav vias tig ib tus txheeb ze rau nws cov pins ncig.
Nrog txoj kev teeb tsa ntsug ntawm cov thoob, tsis muaj qhov ua kom muaj zog ntawm lub dav hlau kab rov tav, uas ua rau lub hom phiaj poob qis. Lub xub ntiag ntawm tus pin rau txhua lub tshuab rab phom tau txo qis qhov cuam tshuam cuam tshuam rau qhov viav vias ib feem ntawm kev tiv thaiv dav hlau, thiab ua rau nws muaj peev xwm siv lub foob pob hluav taws los ntawm ib qho kev teeb tsa yam tsis muaj kev hloov pauv. Thaum muaj ib rab phom tsis ua hauj lwm, nws muaj peev xwm tua hluav taws tau los ntawm qhov thib ob yam tsis cuam tshuam rau cov txheej txheem ib txwm muaj.
Qhov tsis zoo ntawm cov phiaj xwm no yog qhov txuas ntxiv ntawm qhov ua tau zoo: nrog kev teeb tsa ntsug, qhov siab ntawm kev tiv thaiv dav hlau tag nrho thiab qhov siab ntawm kab hluav taws tau nce. Ib qho ntxiv, qhov kev npaj no tsuas yog ua tau rau cov tshuab nrog sab pub.
Feem ntau, kev tsim Flakzwilling 43 yog qhov ncaj ncees. Qhov hnyav ntawm ntxaib 37 hli sib piv rau Flak 43 tau nce txog 40%, thiab kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm hluav taws tau yuav luag ob npaug.
Txog thaum Lub Peb Hlis 1945, German kev lag luam tsim 5918 37-mm Flak 43 phom tiv thaiv dav hlau, thiab 1187 ntxaib Flakzwilling 43. Txawm hais tias qib siab dua ntawm cov yam ntxwv sib ntaus, Flak 43 tsis tuaj yeem tshem tawm Flak 36/37 los ntawm cov kab ntau lawm Cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau 37-mm 3. 7 cm Flak 36/37, uas ntau dua 20,000 units tau tsim.
Hauv Wehrmacht, rub 37-mm phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tau txo qis rau roj teeb ntawm 9 phom. Lub roj teeb tiv thaiv lub dav hlau ntawm Luftwaffe, muab tso rau hauv txoj haujlwm nyob ruaj khov, tuaj yeem muaj txog 12 37-mm rab phom.
Ntxiv rau qhov tau siv los ua tus rub, lub 3, 7-cm Flak 18 thiab Flak 36 phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tau raug teeb tsa rau ntawm cov tsheb ciav hlau, ntau lub tsheb thauj khoom, tsheb laij teb ib nrab, cov neeg ua haujlwm tiv thaiv tub rog thiab lub tank tsheb.
Tsis zoo li rub 37-mm phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau xa mus rau ntawm qhov chaw npaj tua hluav taws ua ib feem ntawm lub roj teeb, kev suav ntawm cov phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau tua tus kheej thaum tua ntawm lub hom phiaj huab cua, vim qhov xwm txheej me me, raws li txoj cai, tsis siv qhov muag rangefinder, uas cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau qhov raug ntawm kev tua. Hauv qhov no, kev hloov kho qhov pom tau ua nyob rau hauv chav kawm ntawm kev tua, raws li txoj hauv kev ntawm lub pluaj tracer txheeb ze rau lub hom phiaj.
Cov dav hlau tiv thaiv dav hlau 37-hli tau siv rau ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj Sab Hnub Poob, ua haujlwm feem ntau hauv cheeb tsam pem hauv ntej. Lawv tau nrog cov tsheb thauj mus los thiab yog ib feem ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv dav hlau, uas tau muab kev tiv thaiv huab cua rau qee lub tank thiab kev sib cais ntawm lub cev.
Yog tias tsim nyog, ZSU tau siv los ua txawb tiv thaiv lub tank cia. Hauv qhov xwm txheej ntawm kev siv tiv thaiv lub tsheb tiv thaiv phom, lub mos txwv thauj khoom ntawm 37-hli phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tuaj yeem suav nrog cov phom loj uas hnyav 405 g, nrog cov tungsten carbide core thiab pib ceev ntawm 1140 m / s. Ntawm qhov deb ntawm 600 m raws qhov ib txwm muaj, nws tau hle 90 hli cov cuab yeej ua rog. Tab sis, vim qhov tsis txaus ntawm tungsten, 37-mm sub-caliber shells tsis nquag siv.
Thaum kawg ntawm kev ua tsov rog, nyob rau lub ntsej muag ntawm qhov tsis txaus ntawm riam phom tiv thaiv lub tank, German cov lus txib txiav txim siab tso 37 feem ntau cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau rau ntawm qhov hluav taws kub ncaj qha rau tua ntawm lub hom phiaj hauv av.
Vim tias tsis muaj kev txav mus los, cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tsis siv neeg feem ntau tau siv ua ntej ua haujlwm hauv cov chaw tiv thaiv. Vim tias lawv nkag mus tau zoo thiab muaj hluav taws kub ntau rau lawv lub peev xwm, lawv ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau Soviet nruab nrab T-34 tso tsheb hlau luam thiab, thaum siv cov khoom tawg tawg tawg, tuaj yeem ua tiav tua cov tub rog uas tsis tau txais chaw nyob.
Siv rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau 37 hli German hauv USSR
Ua ke nrog "20-mm automatic anti-aircraft and anti-tank gun arr. 1930" hais hauv cov ntawv tshaj tawm dhau los (2-K), German lub tuam txhab Butast hauv xyoo 1930 tau muab cov ntaub ntawv qhia paub thiab cov lej ntawm cov khoom ib nrab rau 37-hli phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau, uas tom qab tau txais lub npe 3, 7 cm Flak 18 hauv Tebchaws Yelemees. Hauv USSR, lub npe no tau hu ua "37-mm automatic automatic anti-aircraft gun mod. 1930 "Nws. Qee lub sij hawm nws tau hu ua rab phom 37-mm "N" (German).
Lawv tau sim tua phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau mus rau kev tsim khoom loj ntawm cov nroj tsuag naj npawb 8, qhov uas nws tau muab rau lub Hoobkas ntsuas 4-K. Xyoo 1931, peb rab phom tau nthuav tawm rau kev sim, sib dhos los ntawm German qhov chaw. Txawm li cas los xij, tsob ntoo No. 8 tsis ua tiav qhov tsim nyog tsim nyog ntawm kev tsim khoom hauv lub sijhawm tsim khoom loj, thiab kev sim ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig ntau hauv USSR ntawm 37-mm tiv thaiv dav hlau phom ntawm tus qauv German ua tsis tau.
Thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II, Cov Tub Rog Liab tau ntes ntau pua rab phom 37-mm tiv thaiv dav hlau thiab ZSU nrog lawv. Txawm li cas los xij, cov ntaub ntawv raug cai ntawm kev siv riam phom no hauv Red Army tsis tuaj yeem pom.
Hauv cov ntawv sau cia, muaj cov lus hais tias tau ntes 37-hli German phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tau teeb tsa hauv cov chaw tiv thaiv thiab tau siv tshwj xeeb rau kev tua ntawm lub hom phiaj hauv av.
Nws tuaj yeem kwv yees tau tias vim tsis paub txog cov khoom raug ntes, Cov Tub Rog Liab Tub Rog tsis tuaj yeem ua haujlwm tau 37-hli tsis siv neeg cov phom loj, thiab peb tsis paub siv German cov cuab yeej tswj hluav taws. Txog thaum lub sijhawm Red Army hloov mus rau kev ua haujlwm tsis txaus ntseeg, thiab cov tub rog Soviet tau pib ntes ntau tus lej 37-hli German tiv thaiv dav hlau phom, cov tub rog tiv thaiv huab cua ntawm Red Army tau txaus txaus nrog 37-hli tsis siv neeg tiv thaiv. -Accraft phom ntawm 1939 tus qauv thiab tau txais los ntawm cov phoojywg 40 hli "Bofors".
Captured German warships, uas tau los ua ib feem ntawm USSR Navy, muaj ib leeg-barreled thiab khub 37-mm universal phom ceev-3, 7 cm SK C / 30 nrog ib nrab tsis siv neeg ntsug sliding wedge rooj nrog phau ntawv thauj khoom ntawm txhua qhov txhaj tshuaj thiab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tsis siv neeg 3, 7 cm Flak М42.
Txawm hais tias 37-mm cov tub rog phom 3, 7 cm SK C / 30 hauv qhov raug thiab tua ntau yam tseem ceeb tshaj li 37-mm av phom tiv thaiv dav hlau, los ntawm cov qauv ntawm xyoo 1940, nws qhov hluav taws kub tsis txaus ntseeg.
Hauv qhov no, lub tuam txhab Rheinmetall Borsig AG xyoo 1943 tau rov kho dua 3, 7 cm Flak 36 rau kev ua tub rog. Tsis zoo li cov qauv av, cov phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau tau ntim cov yeeb yaj kiab ntawm tsib puag ncig los ntawm saum toj no, muaj lub tog raj ntev, lub tsheb nqa phom nqa lub tsheb thiab daim thaiv tiv thaiv kev sib tsoo. Tus nqi hluav taws kub yog 250 rds / min.
Nyob rau hauv Soviet fleet, lub semi-automatic 3, 7 cm SK C / 30s tau hloov los ntawm 37-hli tsis siv neeg 70-K phom tiv thaiv dav hlau. Trophy machine 3, 7 cm Flak M42 tau ua haujlwm kom txog rau thaum nruab nrab xyoo 1950.
Kev siv 37-hli German phom tiv thaiv dav hlau hauv cov tub rog ntawm lwm lub xeev
German 37-hli phom tiv thaiv dav hlau 3, 7 cm Flak 36 tau tsim hauv Romania, thiab tseem muab rau Bulgaria, Hungary, Spain thiab Finland. Tom qab xaus Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum II txog rau thaum xyoo 1950, lawv tau ua haujlwm hauv Bulgaria, Spain thiab Czechoslovakia.
Ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm 37-hli phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tau raug ntes los ntawm Cov Phooj Ywg thaum lub sijhawm kev tso tawm ntawm thaj chaw ntawm Fabkis, Norway, Belgium thiab Netherlands los ntawm Nazis. Qhov 3, 7 cm Flak 36 tau siv ntev tshaj plaws hauv Romania. Hauv lub tebchaws no, raws li lub npe "Tun antiaerian Rheinmetall calibru 37 mm qauv 1939" lawv tau ua haujlwm txog ob xyoo lawm. Thaum xyoo 1960, lawv tau pauv mus rau cov chaw khaws khoom. Peb kaum ob 37-mm German-style phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tau khaws cia txog thaum 80s.
Txawm hais tias German 37-mm cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau muaj qhov sib ntaus sib tua zoo thiab ua haujlwm zoo, hauv thawj xyoo tom qab ua tsov rog xyoo lawv yuav luag hloov pauv los ntawm cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau siv hauv cov tebchaws uas yeej: hauv 40-mm Bofors L60 thiab 37-mm 61-K.
