Ntxiv rau qhov paub zoo 88-mm phom tiv thaiv dav hlau, chav tiv thaiv huab cua ntawm Nazi Lub Tebchaws Yelemees muaj 105 thiab 128-hli phom tiv thaiv dav hlau. Kev tsim cov txheej txheem phom sij ntev thiab qhov siab no tau cuam tshuam nrog kev nce hauv qhov nrawm thiab qhov siab ntawm cov foob pob, nrog rau qhov xav ua kom thaj tsam puas tsuaj ntawm kev tawg ntawm cov dav hlau tiv thaiv dav hlau.
Thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II, feem ntau ntawm cov phom hnyav German tiv thaiv dav hlau yog rab phom 88-mm, qhov ua tau zoo uas tsis tau ua tiav raws li qhov xav tau niaj hnub no. Thaum pib xyoo 1944, cov lus txib ntawm 1st Air Defense Division of Berlin tau tshaj tawm rau cov thawj coj:
"Nrog kev tua qhov siab ntau dua 8 txhiab metres, 8.8 cm Flak 36/37 phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tau ua rau lawv ncav cuag."
Raws li cov xwm txheej no, 105-128-mm phom tiv thaiv dav hlau, ua ke nrog radars, ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tiv thaiv huab cua ntawm Peb Reich. Cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau ntev no, txawm tias hmo ntuj, tuaj yeem tua hluav taws tau zoo heev, qhib nws ua ntej cov yeeb ncuab foob pob tau nyob hauv thaj tsam puas tsuaj ntawm rab phom loj 88-mm.
Tus nqi ntawm 105-128-mm rab phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau tau nce nrawm nyob rau hauv ib nrab ntawm kev ua tsov rog, thaum cov neeg Askiv thiab Asmeskas tau pib ua "huab cua tsis zoo" ntawm German lub nroog, cov tswv yim tseem ceeb hauv cov chaw tsim khoom thiab thauj chaw. Askiv thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog Asmeskas cov neeg hnyav hnyav feem ntau nqa cov foob pob los ntawm qhov siab ntawm 7-9 km. Hauv qhov kev sib txuas no, qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev tawm tsam lawv yog cov phom loj tiv thaiv dav hlau uas muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo siab.
Txawm hais tias German kev tiv thaiv huab cua tsis muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv cov khoom tiv thaiv los ntawm kev tawm tsam huab cua, nws yuav tsum raug lees paub tias cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau German ua tau zoo heev. Thiab cov phoojywg ua tiav lawv lub hom phiaj tsuas yog los ntawm ntau tus lej ua tau zoo thiab feem ntau ntawm tus nqi ntawm kev poob siab.
Piv txwv li, hauv 16 qhov kev tawm tsam loj hauv Berlin, Askiv tau poob 492 lub foob pob, uas yog 5.5% ntawm txhua lub dav hlau koom nrog hauv kev tawm tsam. Raws li kev txheeb cais, rau ib tus neeg foob pob tawg tau muaj ob lossis peb puas leej, ntau yam tom qab ntawd tau sau tawm vim tias tsis muaj peev xwm rov qab tau.
Cov neeg foob pob hnyav hauv Asmeskas tau nqa tawm kev tawm tsam nruab hnub thiab, raws li, raug kev txom nyem ntau dua li cov neeg Askiv. Qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qhov raug tua ntawm "ya fortresses" B-17 hauv xyoo 1943 ntawm lub pob kabmob cog, thaum German cov kws tiv thaiv huab cua tau rhuav tshem kwv yees li ib nrab ntawm cov neeg foob pob koom nrog hauv kev tawm tsam.
Lub luag haujlwm tiv thaiv lub dav hlau phom loj kuj tseem zoo nyob hauv qhov tseeb tias feem pua loj heev (ntau dua li cov phoojywg lees) cov neeg foob pob poob lub foob pob rau txhua qhov chaw, tsuas yog tawm ntawm lub foob pob lossis tsis nkag mus rau thaj tsam tua hluav taws..
105-hli phom tiv thaiv dav hlau 10.5 cm Flak 38 thiab 10.5 cm Flak 39
Xyoo 1933, Reichswehr cov lus txib tshaj tawm kev sib tw rau kev tsim ntawm 105-mm dav hlau tiv thaiv dav hlau, uas tseem yuav tsum tau siv hauv cov tub rog. Xyoo 1935, Friedrich Krupp AG thiab Rheinmetall-Borsig AG tau nthuav tawm ob tsab ntawv ntawm lawv 105-mm phom tiv thaiv dav hlau, uas dhau qhov kev sim sib piv hauv tib lub xyoo. Raws li cov txiaj ntsig ntsuas, rab phom 105-mm los ntawm Rheinmetall tau lees paub tias yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws. Hauv ib nrab ntawm xyoo 1937, hloov kho rab phom no tau muab tso rau hauv kev pabcuam raws li lub npe 10.5 cm Flak 38 (German 10, 5 Flugabwehrkanone 38). Txog lub Cuaj Hlis 1, 1939, tau tsim 64 rab phom.
Sab nrauv, Flak 38 zoo ib yam li cov nplai-nce Flak 36. Tab sis muaj ntau qhov kev tsim sib txawv ntawm ob. Cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau 105-mm tau coj los ntawm cov tshuab hluav taws xob-hydraulic. Plaub-rab phom Flak 38 roj teeb tau nruab nrog 24 kW DC lub tshuab hluav taws xob, uas tau tig los ntawm lub tshuab roj av. Lub tshuab hluav taws xob muab lub zog rau lub tshuab hluav taws xob tau teeb tsa ntawm cov phom. Txhua rab phom muaj plaub lub tshuab hluav taws xob: kev taw qhia ntsug, kev taw qhia kab rov tav, rammer thiab kev siv lub tshuab fuse tsis siv neeg.
Hauv txoj haujlwm sib ntaus, phom hnyav 10 240 kg, hauv qhov chaw khaws cia - 14 600 kg. Rau kev thauj mus los, zoo li 88 mm Flak 18/36/37, siv Sonderanhanger 201 conveyor nrog ob leeg-qag qag bogies tau siv.
Los ntawm hauv av, rab phom tua los ntawm cov phom nqa phom, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua hluav taws kub ncig nrog cov ces kaum nce ntawm −3 ° txog + 85 °. Ib pab neeg ntawm 11 tus neeg hloov phom los ntawm txoj haujlwm khaws cia mus rau qhov chaw tua hluav taws hauv 15 feeb.
Ntxiv rau qhov rub tawm, 105-mm phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tau teeb tsa ntawm cov tsheb ciav hlau thiab hauv txoj haujlwm nyob ruaj khov. Ob peb lub kaum os 105-mm rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tau muab tso rau hauv lub zog tiv thaiv ntawm phab ntsa Atlantic. Qhov twg, ntxiv rau kev tiv thaiv cov yeeb ncuab dav hlau, lawv yuav tsum tau tua hluav taws ntawm cov nkoj thiab ua kev tawm tsam tiv thaiv amphibious.
Lub 10.5 cm Flak 38 rab phom muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo. Kev faib ua cov phom uas hnyav 15, 1 kg tshuav ib lub thoob nrog qhov ntev ntawm 6 648 mm (63 clb) ntawm qhov nrawm ntawm 880 m / s. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov siab nce mus txog 12,800 m. Thaum lub foob pob uas muaj 1.53 kg ntawm TNT tawg, kwv yees li 700 qhov ua kom tuag tau tsim, thaj chaw cog qoob loo ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm huab cua mus txog 15 m. muaj qhov pib nrawm ntawm 860 m / s thiab ntawm qhov deb ntawm 1500 m, nws nkag mus rau 135 mm cov cuab yeej ua rog raws li qhov qub. Tus nqi hluav taws: 12-15 ncig / min.
Xyoo 1940, cov tub rog pib tau txais 105-mm Flak 39 phom tiv thaiv dav hlau.
Cov phom no txawv ntawm Flak 38 hauv kev tsim cov thooj av, thauj khoom thiab hom hluav taws xob lub cev ntawm cov lus qhia. Flak 39 chim tau ua ib qho, uas ua rau nws hloov pauv tsis tau tag nrho cov thoob, tab sis tsuas yog nws tus kheej feem ntau hnav. Flak 39 chim muaj lub raj dawb, uas suav nrog peb ntu: ib chav, ib nrab thiab ib lub qhov ncauj. Cov chav thiab qhov nruab nrab tau txuas nrog ntawm qhov kawg ntawm chav, thiab kev sib koom ua ke ntawm lawv tau sib tshooj los ntawm lub tes tsho. Qhov nruab nrab thiab qhov muzzle ntawm cov yeeb nkab tau txuas nrog hauv ntu ntu ntawm cov channel, thiab kev sib koom ua ke ntawm lawv tsis sib tshooj. Cov ntu ntawm cov yeeb nkab pub dawb tau sib sau ua lub plhaub lossis khaws cov yeeb nkab thiab nruj nrog cov txiv ntoo. Qhov kom zoo dua ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke yog lub peev xwm los hloov tsuas yog ib nrab, uas feem ntau raug rau "viav vias".
Lub 10.5 cm Flak 39 rab phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau tau nruab nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob muaj zog AC, uas ua rau nws ua tau yam tsis muaj lub tshuab hluav taws xob tshwj xeeb thiab txuas rau lub zog hauv nroog.
Txhawm rau qhia txog kev tua ntawm Flak 39 lub roj teeb tiv thaiv lub dav hlau, cov lus qhia tau siv, ua haujlwm ntawm 8, 8 cm Flak 37. Nws lub ntsiab lus yog tias tsis yog lub hom phiaj ntsuas, ob lub xov tooj sib txuas nrog cov xim ntau xim tshwm ntawm phom. Tom qab lub hom phiaj raug coj los nrog Würzburg tiv thaiv dav hlau tua hluav taws tswj hwm radar lossis kev suav ntawm Kommandogerät 40 kho qhov muag kho qhov muag pom nrog lub khoos phis tawj sib xws, siv radar lossis kho qhov muag tiv thaiv dav hlau tua hluav taws, cov hauv qab no tau txiav txim siab: lub hom phiaj, dav hlau qhov siab thiab qhov chaw ua haujlwm angular - azimuth thiab nce. Ntawm lawv lub hauv paus, cov ntaub ntawv rau kev tua raug tsim tawm, uas tau xa los ntawm cable rau phom.
Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, ib qho ntawm cov xim xub ntawm lub xov tooj qhia tau tias lub kaum ntse ntse nce siab thiab coj mus rau lub hom phiaj. Cov neeg siv phom ua ke cov xub thib ob nrog cov txiaj ntsig tau qhia, siv cov cuab yeej siv tshuab tshwj xeeb tshwj xeeb nkag mus rau cov ntaub ntawv mus rau qhov chaw deb ntawm lub foob pob los tiv thaiv lub dav hlau thiab xa nws mus rau lub ntsia liaj qhov rooj. Lub phom tau txais kev taw qhia ncaj qha mus rau qhov taw qhia los ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob. Thiab muaj qhov txhaj tshuaj.
Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, txog 4,200 FlaK 38/39 phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tau tsim los ntawm Lub Ob Hlis 1945. Vim tias qhov hnyav thiab cov qauv nyuaj, 105-mm rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tsis tau txais kev siv dav hauv cov tub rog tiv thaiv dav hlau ntawm lub tank thiab cov tub rog sib faib. Thiab lawv tau siv feem ntau hauv chav tiv thaiv dav hlau ntawm Luftwaffe.
Thaum Lub Yim Hli 1944, cov tub rog tiv thaiv dav hlau ntawm Luftwaffe tau ua tub rog nrog 2,018 FlaK 38/39 phom tiv thaiv dav hlau. Ntawm tus lej no, 1,025 yog nyob rau hauv qhov rub tawm, 116 tau teeb tsa ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau, thiab 877 nyob hauv txoj haujlwm nyob ruaj khov.
Ua raws li qhov tseeb tias lub foob pob 105-mm, thaum tawg, tsim ib qho kev tawg tsam ntawm thaj tsam loj dua qhov uas tau tso tawm los ntawm 88-mm FlaK 41, qhov nruab nrab siv cov projectiles ib zaug tua lub dav hlau rau FlaK 39 yog 6,000 units, thiab rau FlaK 41 - 8,500 units. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, thaj chaw tua thiab mus txog ntawm cov phom no tau ze heev.
FlaK 38/39 chav siv phom loj tau siv ua ib feem ntawm ob chav 105-mm marine universal installation 10, 5 cm SK C / 33. Ntxiv mus, hauv kev teeb tsa ntawm kev tso tawm ntxov, cov thooj av zoo ib yam li FlaK 38 tau siv, thiab tom qab ntawd - FlaK 39.
Kev teeb tsa hnyav txog 27 tons thiab tuaj yeem ua 15-18 puag ncig / min. Txhawm rau them nyiaj rau lub nkoj lub suab, muaj lub tshuab hluav taws xob ruaj khov.
105-mm SK C / 33 ntxaib tau teeb rau ntawm lub nkoj hnyav xws li Deutschland thiab Admiral Hipper, sib ntaus sib tua cruisers ntawm Scharnhorst chav kawm, thiab sib ntaus sib tua ntawm chav kawm Bismarck. Lawv kuj tseem yuav tsum tau teeb tsa ntawm lub dav hlau German nkaus xwb "Graf Zeppelin". Tus nab npawb ntawm 105-mm rab phom ntxaib tau xa mus nyob ib puag ncig ntawm lub hauv paus chaw tub rog, thiab lawv kuj tau koom nrog hauv kev tawm tsam cov yeeb ncuab.
128-mm phom tiv thaiv dav hlau 12, 8 cm Flak 40 thiab 12, 8 cm Flakzwilling 42
Lub 12.8 cm Flak 40 yog qhov hnyav tshaj plaws tiv thaiv lub dav hlau siv los ntawm cov neeg German thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II. Rheinmetall-Borsig AG tau txais cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev siv rau kev txhim kho cov txheej txheem no hauv xyoo 1936. Tab sis thawj theem, lub ntsiab lus no tsis yog ntawm qhov tseem ceeb, thiab kev siv zog ua haujlwm ntawm kev tsim ntawm 128-mm tiv thaiv dav hlau phom nrawm dua tom qab thawj zaug tua ntawm cov foob pob Askiv.
Thaum xub thawj, nws tau xav tias rab phom 128-mm (los ntawm kev sib piv nrog 88 thiab 105-mm rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau), ntxiv rau chav tiv thaiv dav hlau ntawm Luftwaffe, yuav siv rau hauv chav tiv thaiv dav hlau ntawm Wehrmacht, thiab rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau 128-mm tau tsim los hauv lub xov tooj ntawm tes. Txhawm rau thauj phom, lawv tau sim siv ob lub log tsheb qag.
Txawm li cas los xij, nrog qhov hnyav ntawm kev teeb tsa hauv qhov chaw sib ntaus ntawm ntau dua 12 tons, nws txoj kev thauj mus los tsuas yog ua tau nyob deb deb heev. Lub nra rau ntawm lub bogies tau dhau mus thiab rab phom tuaj yeem tsuas yog rub rau ntawm txoj kev paved. Hauv qhov no, cov kws tshaj lij tawm tswv yim tshem lub thoob thiab thauj nws ntawm lub tsheb sib cais. Tab sis thaum lub sijhawm sim ntawm tus qauv, nws tau muab tawm tias qhov kev sib dhos tsis zoo ua rau tsis tsim nyog - kev teeb tsa tseem hnyav heev. Yog li ntawd, tshwj xeeb plaub-qag conveyor tau tsim los thauj cov riam phom uas tsis tau sib dhos.
Qhov kawg ntawm xyoo 1941, thaum lub sijhawm sim ua haujlwm ntawm thawj pawg ntawm rau 128-mm phom tiv thaiv dav hlau, nws tau pom tias nrog qhov hnyav nyob hauv txoj haujlwm thauj khoom ntau dua 17 tons, rab phom no tsis tsim nyog siv rau hauv teb. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, qhov kev txiav txim rau rub phom tiv thaiv lub dav hlau tau raug tshem tawm, thiab tau muab qhov muaj feem thib rau rab phom nyob ruaj ruaj.
Cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau 128-hli tau teeb tsa rau ntawm cov pob zeb ua haujlwm ntawm lub tsev tiv thaiv huab cua thiab cov hlau tshwj xeeb. Txhawm rau nce kev txav mus los ntawm cov roj teeb tiv thaiv dav hlau, Flak 40 rab phom tau teeb tsa ntawm txoj kev tsheb ciav hlau.
Cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau 128 mm Flak 40 muaj peev xwm ua tau zoo. Nrog lub thoob ntev ntawm 7,835 mm, qhov tawg ntawm qhov hnyav ntawm 26 kg nrawm rau 880 m / s thiab tuaj yeem ncav cuag qhov siab tshaj ntau dua 14,000 m. m mus txog + 87 °. Tus nqi hluav taws - mus txog 12 ncig / feeb.
Cov txheej txheem rau lub hom phiaj, pub mis thiab xa cov mos txwv, ntxiv rau txhim kho lub fuse, tau tsav los ntawm 115 V AC lub tshuab hluav taws xob. Txhua lub roj teeb tiv thaiv dav hlau, suav nrog plaub rab phom, tau txuas nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob 60 kW lub tshuab hluav taws xob.
Qhov tawg ntawm qhov projectile muaj 3.3 kg ntawm TNT, thaum nws tau tawg, thaj tsam tawg tau tsim nrog lub vojvoog ntawm kev puas tsuaj txog 20 m. Ntxiv nrog rau cov khoom tawg ib txwm ua rau 128-mm phom tiv thaiv dav hlau, ib pawg me me ntawm cov foob pob-foob pob nrog ntau qhov kev sib tua tau raug tshem tawm. Kev sim kuj tau tsim los tsim cov xov tooj cua fuses, uas ua kom ntseeg tau tias tsis muaj kev sib cuag ntawm lub foob pob hluav taws thaum qhov nrug nruab nrab ntawm nws thiab lub hom phiaj yog tsawg heev, vim qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev puas tsuaj tau nce nrawm.
Txawm li cas los xij, txawm tias muaj cov khoom tawg zoo ib yam, qhov ua tau zoo ntawm Flak 40 phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tau siab dua li ntawm lwm yam phom tiv thaiv German. Yog li, rau ib tus yeeb ncuab tua tus neeg foob pob, qhov nruab nrab ntawm 3,000 128-mm lub plhaub tau siv. Cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau 88-mm Flak 36 siv qhov nruab nrab ntawm 16,000 puag ncig kom tau txais cov txiaj ntsig zoo ib yam.
Kev ua tau zoo ntawm 128-mm phom tiv thaiv dav hlau feem ntau yog vim qhov tseeb tshaj plaws German radar thiab kho qhov muag tau siv los tswj lawv.
Kev tshawb pom ua ntej ntawm lub hom phiaj huab cua tau muab rau Freya tsev neeg ntawm radars. Feem ntau cov no yog cov chaw ntawm FuMG 450 hom ua haujlwm ntawm qhov zaus ntawm 125 MHz. Feem ntau, cov radars zoo li no ntau dua 100 km tau nyob ntawm qhov deb ntawm 40-50 km ntawm cov roj teeb tiv thaiv dav hlau.
Cov ntaub ntawv tshaj tawm los ntawm lub radar ntawm azimuth mus rau lub hom phiaj thiab lub hom phiaj nce siab tau ua tiav los ntawm lub chaw xam. Tom qab ntawd, chav kawm thiab ya dav hlau ntawm cov foob pob foob pob tau txiav txim siab. Tus qauv PUAZO ntawm Flak 40 roj teeb nyob rau nruab hnub yog Kommandogerät 40 kho qhov muag suav lub cuab yeej.
Thaum tsaus ntuj, tsom hluav taws tau qhia los ntawm radars ntawm tsev neeg Würzburg. Cov radars no nrog lub kav hlau txais xov parabolic, tom qab tau txais lub hom phiaj rau kev taug qab, muab qhov ntsuas ncaj ncees ntawm qhov ntau, qhov siab thiab nrawm ntawm lub hom phiaj.
Qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov radar ua ntu zus yog FuMG 65E Würzburg-Riese. Nws muaj lub kav hlau txais xov nrog txoj kab uas hla ntawm 7.4 m thiab lub tshuab xa xov nrog lub zog mem tes ntawm 160 kW, muab ntau yam ntau dua 60 km.
Kev tsim cov phom loj 128 hli tiv thaiv dav hlau pib xyoo 1942. Xav txog qhov tseeb tias Flak 40 yog qhov nyuaj heev thiab kim rau kev tsim, cov phom no tau tsim tsawg dua li 105 mm Flak 38/39.
Cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau 128-hli tau siv los tiv thaiv cov chaw tswj hwm tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thiab chaw tsim khoom lag luam. Thaum Lub Yim Hli 1944, cov phom loj tiv thaiv dav hlau ntawm Luftwaffe suav tsuas yog 449 Flak 40s, uas 242 tau teeb tsa nyob ruaj khov, 201 yog ib feem ntawm cov roj teeb tsheb ciav hlau thiab 6 tau rub phom. Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm 128-mm phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tau mus txog thaum Lub Ib Hlis 1945, thaum muaj 570 chav nyob hauv kev pabcuam.
Kev txais yuav cov phom loj 128-mm tiv thaiv dav hlau tau nce qhov peev xwm ntawm German kev tiv thaiv huab cua. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, German cov lus txib, cia siab tias yuav muaj kev sib zog ntau ntxiv ntawm Allied aviation raids, xav kom tsim kom muaj ntau qhov ntev thiab muaj zog tiv thaiv cov phom dav hlau.
Txij li ib nrab ntawm xyoo 1942, kev txhim kho ntawm 128-mm rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau nrog qhov ntim ntau ntxiv ntawm lub tsev them nyiaj thiab lub thoob ntev tau ua tiav. Cov phom no, paub tias yog Gerat 45, yuav tsum tau muab 15-20% nce ntxiv hauv qab thiab qab nthab piv rau Flak 40. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov nce nrawm ntawm qhov muzzle tshaj tawm ua rau nrawm hnav ntawm lub thoob, thiab nce rov qab los. xav tau kev txhawb zog ntawm kev tsim phom. Qhov ua tiav ntawm Gerat 45 tau ncua, thiab txog thaum kawg ntawm kev ua siab phem, nws tsis muaj peev xwm tso lub tshiab 128-mm tiv thaiv dav hlau phom rau hauv ntau lawm. Tib txoj hmoo tau tshwm sim 150mm (Gerat 50) thiab 240mm phom tiv thaiv dav hlau (Gerat 80/85), tsim los ntawm Friedrich Krupp AG thiab Rheinmetall-Borsig AG.
Lub tswv yim ntawm kev tsim coaxial 128-mm phom tiv thaiv dav hlau raws li Flak 40 tig los ua qhov muaj peev xwm ntau dua. Ib rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau ob npaug nrog rau ntau yam thiab nce mus txog qhov siab ua rau nws tuaj yeem nce qhov ntom ntawm cov hluav taws.
Hauv nruab nrab xyoo 1942, ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom ntawm Hannoversche Maschinenbau AG hauv Hanover, kev sib dhos ntawm 128-mm Gerat 44 ntxaib tiv thaiv dav hlau tiv thaiv dav hlau tau pib, uas tau txais lub npe 12, 8 cm Flakzwilling 40 tom qab tau saws.
Ob lub thawv 128-mm tau nyob hauv lub dav hlau kab rov tav thiab muaj cov txheej txheem thauj khoom xa mus rau hauv cov lus qhia rov qab. Qhov hnyav ntawm kev teeb tsa hauv qhov chaw tua ntau tshaj 27 tons. Rau nws, lub tsheb thauj khoom tau siv los ntawm kev paub txog 150-mm rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau Gerat 50. Kev teeb tsa raug thauj mus los ib nrab (nrog cov thooj av tshem tawm) ntawm ob lub biaxial bogies. Ua tsaug rau kev siv lub tshuab hluav taws xob tsis siv neeg, tag nrho cov nqi hluav taws tau mus txog 28 rds / min. Cov phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tau pab los ntawm cov neeg coob ntawm 22 tus neeg.
Muab tsuas yog rau kev teeb tsa ruaj khov ntawm cov riam phom no ntawm lub turntable, muab hluav taws ncig. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv lub nroog tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv Tebchaws Yelemees, feem ntau ntawm 12, 8 cm Flakzwilling 40 tau muab tso rau saum lub platform ntawm cov dav hlau tiv thaiv dav hlau. Lub roj teeb tiv thaiv lub dav hlau suav nrog plaub qhov kev teeb tsa, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm los tsim qhov teeb meem hluav taws zoo ntawm txoj kev ntawm cov yeeb ncuab dav hlau.
Cov nqi ntau lawm rau 12, 8 cm Flakzwilling 40 tau qeeb. Txog thaum Lub Ib Hlis 1, 1943, tau tsim 10 chav. Rau tag nrho xyoo 1943, tau tsim 8 chav nyob. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, 34 ntxaib phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tau xa los ntawm Lub Ob Hlis 1945.
Rau kev ua tub rog ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua loj ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm 12, 8 cm Flakzwilling 40, tsim kom muaj KM40 turret txhim kho. Txawm hais tias lawv tsis tau tswj kom teeb tsa lub tshuab 128-mm rau ntawm lub nkoj German ua ntej kev swb ntawm lub tebchaws Yelemes, ntau KM40 tus yees tiv thaiv cov chaw nres nkoj loj hauv tebchaws Yelemes.
Kev siv 105 thiab 128-mm German phom tiv thaiv dav hlau hauv USSR
Cov kws tshwj xeeb hauv tebchaws Soviet tau paub thawj zaug nrog 105-mm Flak 38 phom xyoo 1940. Plaub rab phom uas yuav los ntawm Lub Tebchaws Yelemees tau xa mus rau qhov dav hlau tiv thaiv dav hlau nyob ze Evpatoria thiab tau ua tiav kev sim ntsuas.
German Flak 38s tau sim ua ke nrog Soviet 100-mm anti-aircraft phom L-6 thiab 73-K. Cov ntaub ntawv xov xwm ntawm rab phom German thiab Soviet tsis txawv ntau, tab sis qhov tseeb ntawm "German" tau siab dua. Ib qho ntxiv, thaum lub foob pob German 105-hli tawg, ntau dua ob zaug raws li ntau qhov ua rau tuag taus. Hais txog qhov muaj peev xwm nyob tau ruaj khov thiab ntseeg tau, Flak 38 tau zoo tshaj peb 100mm phom tiv thaiv dav hlau. Txawm hais tias qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws ntawm rab phom German, 100-mm 73-K phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tau pom zoo rau kev tsim khoom loj. Uas, txawm li cas los xij, ua ntej pib Kev Tsov Rog Loj Loj, lawv tsis tau tswj hwm coj nws mus rau lub xeev uas lees paub.
Tom qab Red Army nkag mus rau thaj tsam ntawm Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, cov yeeb ncuab tau sim siv rab phom 105-mm tiv thaiv dav hlau rau kev tua ntawm lub hom phiaj hauv av. Qhov ntau ntawm rab phom Flak 38/39 ua rau nws siv tau los tua hluav taws ntawm lub hom phiaj sib sib zog nqus hauv Soviet tiv thaiv, thiab cov cuab yeej siv phom 105-mm zoo li muaj peev xwm ua rau puas lub tank Soviet. Txawm li cas los xij, vim tias tus nqi siab thiab kev txav mus los tsawg heev rau rab phom, cov neeg German tau tua los ntawm 105-hli phom tiv thaiv dav hlau ntawm qhov chaw hauv av tsuas yog qhov kawg.
Raws li rau 12, 8 cm Flak 40 thiab 12, 8 cm Flakzwilling 40, vim qhov kev tso chaw nyob ruaj khov, tsuas yog qee qhov xwm txheej tau ntseeg siab tau sau tseg thaum lawv raug rho tawm ntawm cov tub rog Soviet ua ntej.
Vim qhov tseeb tias feem ntau ntawm 105 thiab 128-mm phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tau nyob hauv lawv txoj haujlwm kom txog rau thaum lub sijhawm kawg, peb cov tub rog tau ntes ntau pua qhov kev pabcuam Flak 38/39 thiab Flak 40, nrog rau cov mos txwv loj rau lawv.
Thawj thawj xyoo tom qab ua tsov rog, 105 thiab 128-mm phom tiv thaiv dav hlau ntawm German kev tsim khoom, uas tau kho dua tshiab, tau ua haujlwm nrog USSR Air Defense Forces. Hloov chaw ntawm German tiv thaiv dav hlau tiv thaiv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, Soviet PUAZO-4 tau siv ua ke nrog ntes rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau.
Raws li Asmeskas cov ntaub ntawv, 105-mm rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau, tau txais los ntawm pab pawg Soviet, tau siv tawm tsam Asmeskas cov dav hlau hauv Kauslim Teb. Hauv nruab nrab-1950s, tau siv rab phom tiv thaiv 105 thiab 128-mm tau muab rau hauv Tub Rog Soviet los ntawm 100-mm KS-19 thiab 130-mm KS-30.
Siv phom 105 thiab 128 hli German phom tiv thaiv dav hlau hauv lwm lub tebchaws
Tsuas yog lub xeev uas muaj 105-mm German Flak 39 phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tau ua haujlwm kom txog rau thaum xyoo 1960 yog Czechoslovakia.
Thaum lub sijhawm ua rog, cov lag luam ntawm tus tiv thaiv ntawm Bohemia thiab Moravia nquag ua haujlwm hauv kev txaus siab ntawm kev ua tub rog ntawm Nazi Lub Tebchaws Yelemees. Ob txhais tes ntawm Czechs tau khaws 25% ntawm tag nrho cov tso tsheb hlau luam German thiab rab phom rau tus kheej, 20% tsheb thauj khoom thiab 40% ntawm caj npab me me ntawm pab tub rog German. Raws li cov ntaub ntawv khaws tseg, thaum pib xyoo 1944, Czech kev lag luam nyob rau nruab nrab txhua lub hlis muab rau Peb Reich nrog txog 100 tus kheej rab phom rab phom, 140 phom mos txwv, 180 phom tiv thaiv dav hlau. Nws yog qhov zoo heev uas German cov lus txib nrhiav los tiv thaiv Czech cov chaw tsim khoom los ntawm kev tawm tsam huab cua, thiab xa cov tub rog tiv thaiv huab cua loj nyob ib puag ncig lawv. Xws li roj teeb tiv thaiv lub dav hlau 88 thiab 105-hli rab phom tiv thaiv dav hlau, ua ke nrog radars FuMG-65 Würzburg D, uas tau txais cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb los ntawm kev saib xyuas radars ntawm Freya tsev neeg: FuMG-44 thiab FuMG-480.
Thaum lub Tsib Hlis 1945, nyob rau thaj tsam ntawm Czechoslovakia muaj txog li ib thiab ib nrab puas qhov hnyav phom tiv thaiv dav hlau: 88-mm Flak 36/37 thiab Flak 41, ntxiv rau 105-mm Flak 39. Tom qab ntawd, feem ntau ntawm cov neeg German no qub txeeg qub teg tau siv rau nws lub hom phiaj lossis tau muag tawm txawv teb chaws. Cov Czechs tseem tau txais 10 Würzburg thiab Freya radars, uas ua haujlwm kom txog thaum xyoo 1955. Tom qab tsim kev tswj hwm kev tswj hwm hauv tebchaws thiab pib xa khoom loj ntawm Soviet cov cuab yeej radar, German cov chaw nres tsheb radar tau raug sau tseg.
Txawm li cas los xij, tom qab kev tshem tawm ntawm German radars, kev pabcuam ntawm 88-mm Flak 41 thiab 105-mm Flak 39 txuas ntxiv mus txog rau xyoo 1963. Nws yog nyob rau xyoo no uas 185th tiv thaiv dav hlau foob pob hluav taws "Prykarpattya", nruab nrog SA-75M "Dvina" tiv thaiv huab cua, tau pib ua haujlwm tiv thaiv.
Thaum npaj qhov kev tshaj tawm no, nws tsis muaj peev xwm nrhiav cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev muab Flak 38/39 thiab Flak 40 cov roj teeb tiv thaiv dav hlau los ntawm Nazis rau lwm lub tebchaws. Txawm li cas los xij, tus naj npawb ntawm 105mm phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tau xa mus raws ntug dej hiav txwv Atlantic tau raug ntes los ntawm Allies hauv Fab Kis, Norway thiab Netherlands.
Hauv lub sijhawm tom qab tsov rog, 105-hli German phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tau siv nrog Fabkis, Norwegian thiab Yugoslav tiv thaiv ntug dej hiav txwv. Txawm hais tias cov phom no muaj peev xwm tua hluav taws ntawm lub dav hlau, qhov tsis muaj lub dav hlau tiv thaiv hluav taws tiv thaiv cov devalued lawv cov peev xwm tiv thaiv dav hlau.
Cov phom 10.5 cm SK C / 33 tau siv los ntawm Fabkis Lub Nkoj kom rov nruab dua ob lub nkoj Italian Capitani Romani-chav teeb, uas tau hloov pauv raws li kev them nqi.
Thaum lub sijhawm hloov kho ntawm yav dhau los Italian lub nkoj cruisers, 135 mm turret artillery nce 135 mm / 45 OTO / Ansaldo Mod. Xyoo 1938 tau hloov pauv nrog rab phom 105 mm German. Peb chav ntxaib 105-mm tau teeb tsa hloov chaw yees 1, 3 thiab 4. Hloov chaw ntauwd 2, chav ntxaib nrog 57-hli phom tiv thaiv dav hlau tau tshwm sim. Cov Fab Kis tau muab cais ua Italian cruisers li cov neeg rhuav tshem. Qhov kev pabcuam tseem ceeb ntawm kev rhuav tshem Chatoreno thiab Guichen txuas ntxiv mus txog rau thaum xyoo 1960s.
