Lub Makarov rab yaj phom raug cai hu ua "Kalashnikov" ntawm rab yaj phom. Qhov rab phom 9mm tsis siv neeg no tau tsim xyoo 1948 los ntawm Nikolai Makarov. Vim yog qhov yooj yim ntawm nws lub cuab yeej, kev ntseeg tau ntawm cov qauv tsim thiab siv tau yooj yim, PM tseem nyob hauv kev tsim khoom rau ntau dua ib nrab xyoo. Ntau tshaj 2 lab luam ntawm rab phom no tau tsim nyob hauv Soviet Union nkaus xwb. Tsuas yog nyob hauv nruab nrab xyoo 1990, Makarov rab yaj phom tau hloov los ntawm rab yaj phom Yarygin tshiab (PYa), uas tau siv los ua tus txheej txheem riam phom ntawm cov koom haum tub ceev xwm.
Xyoo no tus kws ntaus phom Lavxias nto npe Nikolai Makarov yuav muaj hnub nyoog 100 xyoo. Raws li feem ntau yog rooj plaub nrog kev tsim khoom zoo, lawv ua rau lawv cov neeg tsim khoom zoo dua. Rab yaj phom Makarov tau ua haujlwm nrog Lavxias kev ruaj ntseg rau ntau dua 60 xyoo. Tam sim no, PM tuaj yeem suav tias yog ib qho ntawm caj npab me me nto moo tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb. Rab yaj phom Makarov, uas dhau los ua thawj zaug thiab zaum kawg ntawm tus tsim qauv hauv kev tsim rab yaj phom, niaj hnub no tau paub nyob hauv ntau lub tebchaws raws li kev siv riam phom me me yooj yim heev thiab ntseeg tau.
Nug ib tus neeg hauv Russia, txawm tias tsis tau paub txog kev ua tub rog: dab tsi yog rab phom nrov tshaj plaws ua los ntawm Lavxias? Feem ntau, yam tsis tau tos, yuav lub npe Makarov rab yaj phom. Rab phom no tau dhau los ua qhov dav dav ntawm txhua qhov kev paub ntawm Great Patriotic War tau sau los ntawm peb lub tebchaws, sau tseg Mikhail Dragunov, tus tub ntawm tus kws paub phom loj hauv tebchaws Russia uas tsim SVD nto moo.
Raws li Mikhail Dragunov, rau nws lub sijhawm, rab yaj phom Makarov tau suav nrog txhua qhov kev ua tiav zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev siv tshuab rab yaj phom. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, rab phom niaj hnub siv los ntawm Soviet Army. Txiav txim los ntawm qhov tseeb tias tus qauv no tsis tau tawm ntawm lub ntiaj teb rab phom lag luam rau ntau dua 60 xyoo, peb tuaj yeem lees paub tias kev tsim qauv zoo heev. Raws li nws, Nikolai Makarov tau tswj hwm tsim rab yaj phom nrog ntau yam kev siv tau. Lub rab yaj phom Makarov tau siv ob qho los ua riam phom xwm txheej rau tub ceev xwm Soviet, ua riam phom rau tub ceev xwm, thiab ua riam phom tshwj xeeb rau chav nyob, riam phom zais zais.
Kev sib tw rau kev txhim kho rab phom tshiab npaj los hloov lub TT rab yaj phom ntawm 7.62 mm qauv 1933 tau tshaj tawm hauv Soviet Union xyoo 1945. Raws li cov ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib tw, rab phom tshiab yuav tsum dhau ntawm TT hauv kev ntseeg tau thiab qhov hnyav thiab tus yam ntxwv loj. Nws xav tias yuav tsum muaj lub peev xwm ntawm 9 lossis 7, 65 mm, muaj qhov txwv tsis zoo ntawm lub mos txwv thiab tsis muaj lub zog puas tsuaj ntau dua li nws rab phom ua ntej.
Tus yeej ntawm kev sib tw yog rab phom tsim los ntawm pab pawg coj los ntawm Nikolai Fedorovich Makarov (xyoo ntawm lub neej: 1914-1988). Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, rab yaj phom tau thov los ntawm Makarov yeej qhov kev sib tw los ntawm cov thawj coj tsim phom loj hauv Soviet - Simonov thiab Tokarev. Kev tsim kho ua ntej tau ua tiav hauv 1947, thiab xyoo 1948 qhov kawg ntawm rab phom tshiab tau npaj tiav. Nws tau tsim tawm hauv Izhevsk xyoo 1949, tom qab ntawd nws tau tsim tawm ntawm no ntau dua 50 xyoo. Lub rab yaj phom 9-mm Makarov, lossis PM, tau raug lees paub hauv xyoo 1951 rau kev ua tub rog ntawm Soviet Army, lub xeev cov koom haum ruaj ntseg thiab Ministry of Internal Affairs. Kev tsim cov phom loj puv ntoob tau pib xyoo 1952 ntawm Izhevsk Mechanical Plant.
PM tau tsim los ntawm cov phiaj xwm uas tseem tau siv hauv German Walther PP (Walther Polizei Pistole). Nws qhov kev siv tshuab ua haujlwm raws li qhov rov qab los ntawm qhov kaw dawb - qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws thiab txhim khu kev ntseeg tshaj plaws. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, muaj kev txwv ntawm lub zog ntawm daim cartridge siv. Lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav rov qab los ntawm tus ntsia liaj qhov rooj tau muab ncaj qha rau ntawm rab phom rab phom, nyob rau tom qab ntawm lub qhov ntsia liaj qhov rooj ntawm ob sab muaj lub thais rau rov thawb rab phom. Lub rab yaj phom tau nruab nrog lub tshuab ua haujlwm ob zaug (ua rau tus kheej). Nws kuj tau txais qhov qhib qhib, uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm tshem tawm PM los ntawm kev nyab xeeb ntes, qaib tsoo thiab qhib hluav taws siv ib txhais tes nkaus xwb. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, kev tsim ntawm rab phom muaj tsuas yog 25 ntu, uas yooj yim heev rau txheej txheem ntawm kev saib xyuas thiab kho, thiab tseem nce nws qhov kev ntseeg tau.
Tus tsim qauv nws tus kheej piav qhia nws txoj kev vam meej hauv kev tsim PM los ntawm kev ua haujlwm loj uas tau nqis peev hauv nws txoj kev txhim kho. Makarov ua haujlwm txhua hnub, xyaum tsis muaj hnub so, qee zaum nws ua haujlwm txij 8 teev sawv ntxov txog 2-3 teev sawv ntxov. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, nws muaj peev xwm hloov kho thiab tua 2-3 zaug piv txwv ntau dua li nws cov neeg sib tw. Qhov no, ntawm chav kawm, ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua kom tiav kev muaj sia nyob thiab ntseeg tau ntawm rab phom. Qhov kev lees paub meej ntawm qhov no yog qhov tseeb tias, yam tsawg kawg kom txog rau xyoo 2004, Tus Saib Xyuas ntawm Lub Xeev Lub Tuam Txhab Ua Lag Luam "Cov Khoom Siv Ua Haujlwm Tsim Qauv" muaj qauv ua haujlwm ntawm Makarov rab yaj phom tsim xyoo 1949 (tus lej xov tooj ntawm tus qauv - 11), kev txhaj tshuaj ntawm "phom" no yog kwv yees li 50 txhiab txhaj tshuaj …
Hauv ntiaj teb, PM feem ntau hu ua "Russian Walter". Qee tus txawm ntseeg tias nws yog qhov hint tias cov neeg tsim khoom hauv Soviet tau qiv lub tswv yim ntawm rab phom no los ntawm lawv cov phooj ywg German los ntawm Walter cog xyoo 1945, thaum cov tub rog Soviet tau tswj hwm lub nroog qhov chaw lag luam nyob. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov sib xws ntawm cov ntawv no ua rau tsis ntseeg ntawm qhov tseeb tias thaum pib cov tub rog Asmeskas nkag mus rau Zella-Melis, uas, raws li, tau txais cov ntaub ntawv muaj txiaj ntsig tshaj plaws.
Rab yaj phom Makarov, zoo li txhua rab phom ntawm cov xyoo ntawd, muaj cov analogues. Thaum lub sijhawm nws tau muab tso rau hauv kev pabcuam, kev tshuaj ntsuam kuj tau ua tiav ntawm nws cov neeg sib tw, suav nrog txawv teb chaws tus kheej ntsaws rab phom Walther PP thiab Walther PPK, cov phom no yog thawj qhov qauv ua qauv loj nrog ob-tes ua haujlwm. "Qee lub sij hawm lawv hais tias PM tau theej tag los ntawm German Walter, tab sis tsuas yog ib qho uas dhau los rau nws los ntawm tus qauv German yog lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib dhos. Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev siv tshuab thiab kev siv hluav taws xob nws tus kheej tau muaj ua ntej ntawd, tab sis lub hauv paus ua haujlwm hauv PM yog qhov kev txhim kho qub. Rab phom tau yooj yim thiab yooj yim, suav nrog tsawg dua 30 feem, "hais qhia Mikhail Degtyarev.
Txawm li cas los xij, lub npe menyuam yaus "Russian Walter" yog, tau kawg, yog kev qhuas zoo heev, txij li txhua lub sijhawm Walter tau suav tias yog ib tus thawj coj tsis muaj kev sib cav hauv kev lag luam rab yaj phom. Kev tsim kho hauv tsev tsis muaj qhov zoo dua nws. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, PM tau lees paub tias yog ib qho kev sib ntaus sib tua zoo tshaj plaws ntawm xyoo pua nees nkaum, nrog rau German Walter, ntxiv rau Browning, Beretta thiab Astra Constable. Zoo li rab phom Kalashnikov, rab phom Makarov tau dhau los ua riam phom ntiaj teb.
Thaum tua tawm ntawm qhov kev ncua deb luv luv, raws li cov kws tshaj lij, PM tsuas yog hloov tsis tau. Ua tsaug rau kev siv tus tshiab, qhov ntev me dua, daim cartridge thiab kev ua haujlwm yooj yim dua ntawm lub tshuab ua haujlwm, Makarov rab yaj phom zoo heev hla nws cov neeg ua ntej ntawm kev ntseeg tau thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, lub zog ntawm nws daim cartridge yog qhov thib ob tsuas yog rau TT, tib lub sijhawm PM muaj lub ntsej muag loj (9 hli tsis yog 7.62 mm), uas ua rau nws muaj peev xwm ua kom nres qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov mos txwv ntawm tib qib. Rau rab phom me me, nws muaj qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws. Thaum siv tus qauv 57 -N -181 daim cartridges, lub vojvoog tawg ntawm 50 metres yog 160 mm, ntawm 25 meters - 75 mm, ntawm 10 meters - tsuas yog 35 mm.
Ib qho ntawm qhov tsis ntseeg qhov zoo ntawm rab yaj phom yog nws qhov hnyav. Tus PM hnyav 130 grams hnyav dua li rab phom TT (0, 81 kg nrog cov ntawv xov xwm tag nrho thiab 0, 73 kg tsis thauj khoom). Nws kuj tseem nyiam qhov txawv los ntawm kev npaj tas li rau kev nqis tes ua - rab yaj phom tuaj yeem coj mus rau txoj haujlwm sib ntaus yuav luag tam sim ntawd. Tsis tas li, qee tus kws tshaj lij sib cav tias PM tuaj yeem hnav tau yam nyab xeeb nrog lub fuse raug tshem tawm thiab nrog daim cartridge hauv lub thoob - nws muaj kev nyab xeeb heev. Kev tuav rab phom ncaj tso cai rau koj kom nkag siab zoo ntawm lub hauv siab lub hom phiaj los ntawm kev nrug deb txog li 15 metres, lav paub tseeb. Thiab ntawm qhov ze dua, rab phom tsis tuaj yeem tsa tau - txhua lub mos txwv tuaj yeem tso rau hauv lub hom phiaj los ntawm lub duav.
Txij li thaum pib ntawm kev tsim khoom loj hauv lub tebchaws, ntau tus PM hloov pauv tau tsim - kev sib ntaus, kis las, kev pabcuam, pej xeem, nrog rau rab phom roj. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, rab yaj phom Makarov tau tsim tawm tsis yog hauv Soviet Union nkaus xwb, tab sis txawv teb chaws. Piv txwv li, hauv GDR nws tau hu ua Pistole M. PM kuj tau tsim tawm hauv Suav Teb, Czech koom pheej, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia.
Cov phom tseem nyob ruaj khov hauv kev thov hauv khw, suav nrog hauv Tebchaws Meskas. Feem ntau hauv Asmeskas, nws tau siv ua riam phom zoo ntawm kev tiv thaiv tus kheej. Rab phom muaj qhov ntev zoo heev: ntev - 161 mm, qhov siab - 127 mm, rab phom ntev - 93.5 mm. Ib qho ntxiv, nws sib piv qhov nyiam nrog cov neeg sib tw rau nws tus nqi qis thiab nws qhov kev ntseeg tau. Nws yog qhov xav paub kom nco ntsoov tias hauv Finland Makarov rab yaj phom, nrog rau Glock 17, CZ-85 thiab Beretta 92F rab yaj phom, yog ib ntawm plaub rab phom uas xav tau rau kev kawm paub txog kev tua phom. Ib qho ntxiv, PM tau dhau los ua thawj tus qauv ntawm caj npab me me hauv keeb kwm uas tau mus rau qhov chaw. Lub rab yaj phom tau suav nrog hauv cov cuab yeej thiab khoom siv ntawm Soviet cosmonauts ntawm Vostok lub dav hlau.
Tam sim no, kev tsim khoom ntawm rab phom Makarov thiab qee qhov kev hloov kho tseem tab tom ua. Txawm tias muaj tseeb tias nyob hauv Lavxias txoj cai tswj hwm tub ceev xwm thiab tub rog, Yarygin rab phom thiab lwm yam qauv tshiab ntawm cov caj npab me me tau hloov pauv tus Thawj Kav Tebchaws, Makarov rab yaj phom tseem siv tau rau niaj hnub no, txuas ntxiv ua ib qho ntawm qhov loj tshaj plaws thiab xav tau. piv txwv ntawm Lavxias-ua luv-barreled caj npab me.
Cov yam ntxwv ua tau zoo ntawm PM:
Cartridge - 9x18 hli.
Qhov hnyav nrog cov ntawv xov xwm thauj khoom - 0, 81 kg, qhov hnyav yam tsis muaj cartridges - 0, 73 kg.
Ntev - 161 mm, dav - 30.5 mm, qhov siab - 126, 75 mm.
Chim ntev - 93 hli.
Box magazine rau 8 ncig.
Qhov pom kev deb - 50 m.
Tus nqi hluav taws - txog li 30 rds / min.
Thawj qhov nrawm ntawm lub mos txwv yog 315 m / s.
