Rating ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm "Nrov Mechanics"
Cov phom loj tshaj plaws: M16
Tebchaws: Tebchaws Asmeskas
Tsim tawm: 1959
Qhov hnyav: 2, 88-3, 4 kg (nyob ntawm kev hloov kho)
Ntev: 986-1006mm
Caliber: 5, 56 hli
Tus nqi hluav taws: 700-900 rds / min
Cov mos txwv mos txwv tshaj tawm: 948 m / s
Cov phom tau tsim los ntawm Asmeskas lub tuam txhab Armalite, xyoo 1959 Colt lub tuam txhab tau pib tsim khoom, xyoo 1961 Asmeskas cov tub rog tau yuav cov phom phom sim, thiab xyoo 1964 nws tau ua haujlwm nrog pab tub rog Asmeskas. Txog niaj hnub no, M16 tseem yog riam phom tseem ceeb ntawm Asmeskas cov tub rog. Thawj qhov kev cai raus dej loj heev, nws tau tshwm sim hauv Nyab Laj, thiab tom qab ntawd tau siv rau hauv txhua qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb nrog kev koom tes ntawm Tebchaws Meskas. Qhov no yog rab phom tsis siv neeg ntawm 5, 56 mm caliber; nws qhov kev siv tshuab yog ua raws li kev siv lub zog ntawm cov hmoov av. Niaj hnub no muaj ntau dua 20 qhov kev hloov pauv thiab ntau yam ntawm cov phom, thiab nws tsis yog tsim tawm nkaus xwb hauv Asmeskas, tab sis kuj hauv Canada, Kaus Lim Qab Teb, Tuam Tshoj, Iran, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees.
Lub tshuab phom nrov tshaj plaws: rab phom tshuab Maxim
Lub Tebchaws: Great Britain (hloov kho - Russia)
Tsim: 1883 (hloov kho - 1910)
Qhov hnyav: 64, 3 kg (44, 23 - tshuab nrog daim ntaub thaiv)
Ntev: 1067 hli
Caliber: 7.62 hli
Tus nqi hluav taws: 600 ncig / min
Cov mos txwv mos txwv tshaj tawm: 740 m / s
Nws nyuaj hais tias "Maxim" suav nrog hauv cov npe ntawm cov riam phom zoo tshaj plaws hauv 100 xyoo dhau los, vim tias Anglo-American tus kws tsim khoom Hiram Maxim tau txais thawj daim ntawv pov thawj rau qee yam ntawm cov riam phom tshiab nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov xyoo 1883, thiab thaum Lub Kaum Hli 1884 qhia pom thawj tus qauv ua haujlwm. Tab sis ib qho ntawm ntau yam nto moo tshaj plaws ntawm "Maxim" tau tshwm sim xyoo 1910, uas tso cai rau nws "haum" rau xyoo pua.
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm "Maxim" yog qhov yooj yim thiab raws li kev siv cov thim rov qab. Cov hmoov av los ntawm qhov txhaj tshuaj pov lub thoob rov qab thiab qhib lub tshuab rov ua haujlwm: daim cartridge raug tshem tawm ntawm daim kab xev thiab nkag mus rau hauv lub qhov ncauj, thaum ntsia liaj qhov rooj. Daim kab xev daim kab xev tuav 450 puag ncig, thiab rab phom rab phom rab phom mus txog 600 teev hauv ib feeb. Qhov tseeb, riam phom muaj zog tsis muaj qhov zoo. Ua ntej tshaj, lub thoob tau kub thiab xav tau kev hloov pauv tas li ntawm cov dej hauv lub tsho txias. Lwm qhov tsis zoo yog qhov nyuaj ntawm cov txheej txheem: rab phom tshuab tsoo vim muaj teeb meem ntau yam nrog kev thauj khoom dua.
Hauv tebchaws Russia, kev tsim phom tshuab pib xyoo 1904 ntawm Tula cog. Qhov kev hloov pauv Lavxias tshaj plaws ntawm "Maxim" yog lub tshuab rab phom hnyav 7.62 mm ntawm xyoo 1910 tus qauv (thawj lub peev xwm ntawm rab phom tshuab yog. 303 Askiv lossis 7.69 mm hauv qhov ntsuas). Hauv tib lub xyoo, tus kws tsim qauv, Colonel Alexander Sokolov, tsim lub tshuab rab phom log - nws yog lub tshuab no uas muab riam phom zoo li qub. Lub tshuab ua haujlwm tau yooj yim daws teeb meem ntawm kev taug kev thiab txav mus los ntawm lub tshuab rab phom hnyav los ntawm txoj haujlwm mus rau txoj haujlwm.
Tab sis tag nrho qhov hnyav ntawm lub tshuab rab phom nrog lub tshuab tseem zoo heev - ntau dua 60 kg, thiab qhov no tsis suav nrog cov khoom lag luam cartridges, dej kom txias, thiab lwm yam. Yog li ntawd, los ntawm xyoo 1930s, cov riam phom uas txaus ntshai tau dhau los ua qhov qub. Kev hloov kho zaum kawg ntawm Soviet-style tshuab rab phom tau muaj sia nyob xyoo 1941 thiab tau tsim tawm hauv Tula thiab Izhevsk txog thaum kawg ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II; nws tau hloov los ntawm 7, 62-mm Goryunov tshuab rab phom.
"Maxim" muaj ntau yam kev hloov pauv: Finnish M / 32-33, Lus Askiv "Vickers", German MG-08, 12, 7-mm (loj-caliber) rau British Navy, thiab lwm yam.
Qhov phom sij tshaj plaws hauv Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog II: 7, 62-mm Shpagin rab phom submachine
Lub teb chaws: USSR
Tsim tawm: 1941
Qhov hnyav hnyav: 5, 3 kg nrog nruas
khw, 4,15 kg nrog khw khw
Ntev: 863 hli
Caliber: 7.62 hli
Tus nqi hluav taws: 900 puag ncig / min
Pom kev ntau: 200-300 m
Cov neeg ua ntej ntawm Kalashnikov phom ntev hauv kev pabcuam nrog pab tub rog Soviet yog Shpagin lub tshuab siv phom (PPSh). Tsim los hloov rab phom Degtyarev submachine, PPSh tau tsim los ua kom yooj yim tsim khoom ntau li ntau tau thiab nkag mus rau kev pabcuam xyoo 1941. Thiab txawm hais tias kev tsim Sudaev ntawm 1942 tus qauv (PPS) feem ntau suav tias yog rab phom submachine zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, nws yog PPSh uas tau dhau los ua ib feem ntawm cov duab ntawm Soviet cov tub rog raws li tsuas yog siv phom loj heev ntawm Soviet pab tub rog nyob rau thawj xyoo ntawm kev ua tsov ua rog.
Cov phom loj tshaj plaws: Hlau cua daj MK5
Lub teb chaws: Australia
Tsim: 2004
Cov naj npawb ntawm cov thoob: 36
Caliber: 9 hli
Kwv yees tus nqi hluav taws: 1,080,000 rds / min
Theoretical siab tshaj tus nqi hluav taws: 1,620,000 rds / min
Cov riam phom tua hluav taws nrawm tshaj plaws ntawm Australian tuam txhab Hlau Storm Limited tsis zoo li yuav tau txais rau hauv kev tsim khoom loj, tab sis nws tsis tuaj yeem tsis quav ntsej. Tus tsim ntawm lub tuam txhab, James Michael O'Dwyer, tau tsim thiab ua daim ntawv pov thawj qhov kev kub ceev hluav taws xob, qhov kev xav ntawm qhov hluav taws kub uas nce mus txog 1,000,000 teev nyob rau ib feeb. Tsis muaj kev txav chaw ntawm cov khoom siv hlau hauv Lub Tshuab Hluav Taws Xob Hlau, muaj ob peb daim cartridges hauv txhua lub thoob nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, thiab kev txhaj tshuaj raug rho tawm los ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob. Qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb ntsib los ntawm cov neeg tsim khoom yog qhov ua tsis tau ntawm lub sijhawm muab cov naj npawb ntawm cov cartridges. Yog li ntawd, tus nqi hluav taws uas qhia hauv qhov kev ntsuas raug suav, thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm "cua daj cua dub" raug txo kom tsis muaj dab tsi thaum siv hauv kev tawm tsam tiag. Txawm li cas los xij, lub tuam txhab tab tom txhim kho hauv ntau yam lus qhia thiab siv Hlau Tshuab Hluav Taws Xob hauv riam phom uas muaj txoj hauv kev zoo dua ntawm kev nkag mus rau koob.
Cov phom nrov tshaj plaws: Colt M1911
Tebchaws: Tebchaws Asmeskas
Tsim: 1911
Qhov hnyav: 1.075 kg
Ntev: 216mm
Cav: 45
Cov mos txwv mos txwv tshaj tawm: 253 m / s
Sighting ntau: 50 m
Ib qho ntawm cov phom nrov tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb yog M1911 tsim los ntawm John Browning chambered rau.45 ACP (11.43 x 23mm). Qhov riam phom no tau ua haujlwm nrog Asmeskas Tub Rog txij xyoo 1911 txog 1990, thiab txij li xyoo 1926 rab yaj phom tsis tau dhau los ntawm kev hloov kho tshiab. Txawm hais tias tus tsim lub npe, rab yaj phom tau tsim los ntawm Colt cov chaw tsim khoom thiab poob qis hauv keeb kwm raws li "Colt M1911". Nws qhov txiaj ntsig tseem ceeb yog nws tsim kev yooj yim thiab ua txhaum. Rab phom tau siv nyob hauv ntau dua 40 lub tebchaws thoob ntiaj teb thiab nrov heev rau niaj hnub no.
Feem ntau Rov Ua Pistol Roj: Nco Miami 92 F.
Lub Tebchaws: Lub Tebchaws Yelemees
Qhov hnyav yam tsis muaj daim cartridges: 1,14 kg
Ntev: 215mm
Caliber: 8, 9, 15 hli
Khoom noj khoom haus: ntawv xov xwm rau 11 (rau 9-mm version), 18, 20, 24, 28 puag ncig
RECK Miami 92F yog rab phom rab phom tsim los ntawm lub tuam txhab German Umarex, uas yog daim ntawv theej ntawm cov phom ntev Beretta 92. RECK cov phom me me muaj nyob hauv 8 thiab 9 mm calibers. Cov ntawv 9-hli muaj cov ntawv xov xwm zoo ib yam nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 11 puag ncig, tab sis 8-mm RECK Miami cov ntawv xov xwm tuaj yeem tuav ntawm 18 txog 28 (!) Cartridges, nyob ntawm qhov kev hloov kho. Tsuas yog rau cov qauv, xav paub ntau thiab 40 phau ntawv xov xwm rau Mauser, RECK Miami 92F tsis muaj kev sib tw hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm ntau tus nqi.
Kev tua phom loj tshaj plaws ua kom nrawm tshaj plaws: M134 Minigun
Tebchaws: Tebchaws Asmeskas
Tsim tawm: 1962
Qhov hnyav: 24-30 kg (lub cev rab phom nrog lub tshuab hluav taws xob thiab lub zog ua haujlwm)
Ntev: 801 hli
Caliber: 7.62 hli (0.308)
Tus nqi hluav taws: los ntawm 300 txog 6000 rds / min (siv tau -
3000–4000)
Cov mos txwv mos txwv tshaj tawm: 869 m / s
Tau kawg, cov qauv tuaj yeem ua kom nrawm dua, tab sis ntawm cov riam phom txuas ntxiv, M134 Minigun series lub dav hlau tshuab rab phom tau suav tias yog ib tus neeg tuav cov ntaub ntawv rau qhov ntsuas no. Cov phom tshuab no 7.62mm rau-rab phom ua haujlwm raws li Gatling cov phiaj xwm thiab muaj peev xwm tua tau txog 6,000 phom ib feeb. Cov cartridge tshiab tau pub rau hauv lub thawv sab saud (txias), qhov kev txhaj tshuaj raug rho tawm hauv qab no. Kev sib hloov ntawm lub hauv pliaj yog muab los ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob. Kev cai raus dej ntawm M134 tau txais hauv Tsov Rog Nyab Laj. Los ntawm txoj kev, tsis sib xws rau kev nkag siab yuam kev, "Predator" thiab "Terminator" tsis siv rab phom tshuab no, tab sis nws tus kwv yau XM214 Microgun, uas tsis mus rau hauv koob.
Tus tub ceev xwm feem ntau rab phom: Mauser C96
Lub Tebchaws: Lub Tebchaws Yelemees
Tsim tawm: 1896
Qhov hnyav yam tsis muaj daim cartridges: 1,13 kg
Ntev: 288mm
Cartridge: 7, 63 x 25 mm, 9 mm x 25 mm, thiab lwm yam.
Cov mos txwv mos txwv tshaj tawm: 425 m / s
Pom kev ntau: 150-200 m tsis muaj taub
Mauser C96 ua rau peb muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog tus txiv neej hauv lub tsho tawv thiab lub npe luv CHK. Cov qauv no tau pib tsim hauv Tebchaws Yelemees xyoo 1896; rab yaj phom sawv tawm rau nws qhov zoo tshaj plaws, muaj txiaj ntsig zoo tua ntau yam, "muaj txoj sia nyob"; nws qhov tsis zoo yog qhov hnyav thiab hnyav hnyav. Kuj ceeb tias, "Mauser" tsis tau ua haujlwm zoo nrog rau ib pab tub rog hauv ntiaj teb (ntau tshaj - siv ib nrab hauv zos), thaum ntau dua ib lab luam, thiab cov tub ceev xwm los ntawm ntau lub tebchaws nyiam nws ua riam phom rau txhua tus neeg sib tw.
Cov phom nrov nrov tshaj plaws: M1 Garand
Tebchaws: Tebchaws Asmeskas
Tsim tawm: 1936
Qhov hnyav: 4, 31-5, 3 kg (nyob ntawm kev hloov kho)
Ntev: 1104 hli
Caliber: 7.62 hli
Cov mos txwv mos txwv tshaj tawm: 853 m / s
Kev tua hluav taws zoo: 400 m
American M1 Garand rab phom yog thawj rab phom uas nws tus kheej tau siv los ua thawj qhov riam phom ntawm cov tub rog. Nws siv sijhawm ntev los qhia: xyoo 1929, tus tsim qauv John Garand tau tsim thawj qhov qauv, tab sis nws tsis tau mus txog qhov tsim khoom loj thiab muab tso rau hauv kev pabcuam txog xyoo 1936; ntau qhov kev hloov kho tsis muab qhov txiaj ntsig xav tau, thiab riam phom tshiab tsis tu ncua. Tsuas yog M1 tiam tau txais koob meej, hloov kho thiab muab tso rau hauv xyoo 1941. Nws tau siv los ua riam phom ua kis las rau niaj hnub no.
Feem ntau cov riam phom: Kalashnikov phom ntev phom
Lub teb chaws: СССP
Tsim tawm: 1974 (hloov kho ntawm AK-74)
Kev hnyav hnyav: 3, 5-5, 9 kg
Ntev: 940 hli (tsis muaj xov tooj cua)
Caliber: 5.45 hli
Tus nqi hluav taws: txog 600 rds / min
Qhov pom kev ntau: 1000 m
Kalashnikov phom ntev phom loj tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb, tau txais koob meej tshwj xeeb vim nws ntseeg tau thiab yooj yim ntawm kev saib xyuas thiab tau tsim tawm hauv ntau dua 100 lab luam. Muaj ntau ntau kaum ob ntawm nws qhov kev hloov kho; nyob rau hauv qhov qub version (AK-47) nws muaj lub peev xwm ntawm 7.62 mm, tab sis kev hloov kho ntawm AK-74 siv 5, 45-mm cartridge, thiab hauv qhov sib txawv ntawm "pua" series-kuj yog 5, 56 mm. Ntxiv nrog rau USSR, rab phom tau tsim los ntawm Bulgaria, Hungary, GDR, Tuam Tshoj, Poland, North Kauslim, Yugoslavia, thiab nws tau siv nyob rau yuav luag txhua lub tebchaws hauv ntiaj teb thiab yuav luag txhua qhov kev sib ntaus sib tua hauv ib nrab ntawm xyoo pua 20th.
