Rau ntau tus, cov phom submachine uas tau siv los ntawm cov tub rog Soviet nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Great Patriotic War yog, ua ntej tshaj plaws, Shpagin submachine phom - nto moo PPSh. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv Soviet Union thaum lub xyoo ua tsov rog, lwm cov qauv ntawm cov riam phom tsis siv neeg kuj tau nquag siv. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, peb tab tom tham txog rab phom submachine ntawm Degtyarev system (PPD) thiab rab phom submachine ntawm Sudaev system (PPS). Thaum lub xyoo ua tsov rog, rab phom submachine tau tsim hauv ntau lab tus tub rog, cov mos txwv thiab cov tub rog los ntawm lawv tseem dag rau ntawm txhua square km ntawm thaj tsam uas tau tso tawm ntawm lub qub USSR, nrog rau cov tebchaws nyob sab Europe sab hnub tuaj. Soviet rab phom submachine nrog cov nthwv dej ntxhua cov fascists thiab tag nrho lawv cov phoojywg los ntawm thaj chaw uas lawv nyob thiab tso qhov kawg rau keeb kwm ntawm "txhiab xyoo" Thib Peb Reich.
Nws tau tshwm sim tias rab phom submachine tau ua tiav ob qho tib si xav tau kom txaus cov tub rog nrog cov riam phom tsis siv neeg, thiab kev qhia tsis zoo ntawm cov tub rog Soviet feem ntau thiab qib qis thev naus laus zis ntawm feem ntau ntawm Soviet cov chaw tsim khoom. Nws tsim nyog sau cia tias thawj zaug sim tsim rab phom submachine, uas yuav tsum dhau los ua riam phom loj ntawm cov tub rog, tau tsim xyoo 1927 los ntawm tus kws tsim qauv nto moo Fyodor Tokarev, uas tau nthuav tawm nws "lub teeb carbine" rau cov tub rog. Nws yog qhov ua tau kom nco ntsoov qhov kev xav tau tseeb. Hauv cov khw muag khoom ntawm nws cov carbine tsis siv neeg, tus tsim qauv tau tso qhov tshwj xeeb, ua tsaug rau qhov uas nws tau yooj yim heev los tswj tus lej ntawm cov cartridges tseem tshuav hauv nws.
Tsuas yog tom qab ntau xyoo (ntau caum xyoo dhau los) lwm tus kws siv phom txiav txim siab rov qab los rau qhov kev txiav txim siab zoo ib yam. Ib qho ntxiv, Tokarev txoj kev txhim kho tau txawv los ntawm qhov muaj qhov swb qeeb, uas, los ntawm txoj kev, tsuas yog tshwm sim ntawm kev hloov kho tshiab ntawm AK. Txawm li cas los xij, rab phom submachine, uas tau dhau los ua lub cim tiag ntawm tag nrho Cov Tub Rog Liab thaum Tsov Rog Tsov Rog Loj, yog kev txhim kho ntawm tus tsim qauv Georgy Semenovich Shpagin - PPSh nto moo, uas tau tsim los ntawm nws xyoo 1940 thiab tau ua haujlwm nrog pab tub rog txog thaum thaum ntxov xyoo 1950, thiab hauv qee chav nyob tom qab thiab txawv teb chaws PPSh tuaj yeem pom yuav luag txog thaum kawg ntawm lub xyoo pua 20th.
Degtyarev submachine rab phom - PPD -34/40
Tus thawj ntawm cov lus dab neeg PPSh yog rab phom Degtyarev submachine ntawm xyoo 1934 tsim. Hmoov tsis zoo, vim kev tshuaj xyuas tsis raug thiab kev txiav txim siab, cov phom submachine los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb tub rog, uas feem ntau yog cov qub tub rog yav dhau los thiab cov thawj coj ntawm tsarist Cov Neeg Ua Haujlwm Loj, tau suav tias yog hom kev pab dawb huv. Yog li ntawd, kom txog thaum xyoo 1939, tsis tsim nyog txaus ntawm cov phom submachine tau tsim - tsuas yog 5084 daim ntawv. Thiab thaum Lub Ob Hlis 1939, PPD-34s tsis yog tsuas yog tshem tawm los ntawm kev pabcuam los ntawm Red Army, tabsis tseem thim tawm ntawm cov tub rog.
Nws tau kawm qhov tsis txaus ntseeg los ntawm kev ua tsov rog Soviet-Finnish, thaum muaj teeb meem ntau tau raug coj los rau Pab Tub Rog Liab los ntawm cov tub rog Finnish, uas tau ua tub rog nrog Suomi submachine phom ntawm lub tshuab tsim qauv A. Lahti arr. Xyoo 1931. Cov qauv no tau nruab nrog cov ntawv xov xwm rau 20 thiab 71 puag ncig. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, rab phom Degtyarev tau xa rov qab mus rau cov tub rog sai dua, ntxiv rau, nws cov khoom tsim tau tsim hauv USSR. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, 81118 PPD-40 cov qauv tau tsim hauv xyoo 1940, uas ua rau qhov kev hloov kho no nthuav dav tshaj plaws.
Lub Degtyarev submachine gun (PPD) tau tsim nyob rau thawj ib nrab ntawm xyoo 1930s. Xyoo 1935, nws tau txais los ntawm Red Army raws li lub npe PPD-34. Cov phom submachine no yog cov txheej txheem ib txwm muaj uas tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi rau thawj tiam. Nws muaj lub txaj ntoo, thiab kev siv hlau tau siv dav hauv nws cov khoom. Vim qhov ua tsis tau zoo ntawm qhov hais kom ua, qhov kev txhim kho no tau siv feem ntau hauv cov ciam teb ntawm NKVD. Txawm li cas los xij, kev sib cav hauv Finnish tau hloov pauv txhua yam thiab tsuas yog ua ntej Great Patriotic War xwb, xyoo 1940, PPD tau txhim kho, tus qauv tshiab tau txais lub npe PPD-40.
PPD-40 tau tsim los ntawm kev siv lub tshuab kaw qhov rooj dawb. Hluav taws los ntawm nws yog ua los ntawm qhov qhib qhov rooj. Lub thoob ntawm rab phom submachine tau muab ntim rau hauv ib puag ncig steel casing, lub txaj ntoo. Ntawm qhov piv txwv thaum ntxov ntawm 1934 thiab 1934/38, cov khoom lag luam tau khov kho, ntawm tus qauv ntawm xyoo 1940 nws tau muab faib, nrog txiav tawm rau tus txais cov ntawv xov xwm. Ib rab phom submachine tuaj yeem siv 2 hom ntawv xov xwm: nruas rau 71 puag ncig lossis lub tshuab raj hom rau 25 kab. Cov ntawv xov xwm nruas hauv USSR tau tsim los ntawm qhov kev paub dhau los thaum Tsov Rog Zaum Ob nrog Finland. Qhov no feem ntau yog theej theej ntawm cov khw ntawm Finnish SuomiM / 31 rab phom submachine.
Cov ntawv xov xwm nruas rau PPD-34 thiab 34/38 muaj lub caj dab nthuav tawm, uas tau muab tso rau hauv tus neeg txais cov ntawv xov xwm, zais hauv lub thawv ntoo. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov ntawv xov xwm nruas rau PPD-40 tsis muaj cov yam ntxwv zoo li no, uas ua rau kom ntseeg tau thiab muaj zog ntawm cov khoom siv cartridge. Txhua PPDs tau nruab nrog qhov pom kev pom, uas cim mus txog 500 meters tau thov. Cov cuab yeej siv kev nyab xeeb tau nyob ntawm tus kov thiab tuaj yeem xauv lub ntsia liaj qhov rooj nyob tom qab (tsoo) lossis ua haujlwm rau pem hauv ntej. Tus tub ceev xwm tseem tau nkag mus rau kev xaiv hom tua hluav taws (tsis siv neeg lossis txhaj tshuaj ib leeg), uas tuaj yeem nqa tawm siv tus chij teb, uas tau nyob ntawm xub ntiag ntawm tus tiv thaiv tus tiv thaiv ntawm sab xis.
Degtyarev cov phom submachine tau siv thaum pib ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum II, tab sis thaum kawg xyoo 1941 lawv tau pib hloov pauv hauv pab tub rog nrog kev ntseeg tau ntau dua, ua tau zoo dua thiab ntau dua thev naus laus zis PPSh hauv kev tsim khoom. Shpagin rab phom submachine tau xub tsim los rau qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm kev tsim cov khoom lag luam ntawm txhua lub tuam txhab lag luam hauv lub tebchaws uas muaj cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob qis, uas tau dhau los ua qhov muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev ua tsov rog loj. PCA tau yooj yim dua rau kev tsim khoom, uas tau txiav txim siab ua ntej ntawm PCA txoj hmoo.
Kev qhia tshwj xeeb:
Caliber: 7.62x25 hli TT;
Qhov hnyav: 5.45 kg nrog cov ntawv xov xwm thauj khoom rau 71 ncig, 3.63 kg. tsis muaj khw;
Ntev: 788mm;
Tus nqi hluav taws: txog 800 rds / min;
Cov Khw Muag Khoom: ntaus hom rau 25 ncig thiab nruas rau 71 ncig;
Kev tua hluav taws zoo: 200 m.
Shpagin rab phom submachine - PPSh -41
PPSh-41 rab phom tshuab tsim los ntawm Shpagin tau tsim xyoo 1941, nws tau tsim los hloov PPD-40, uas yog qhov nyuaj heev thiab kim rau kev tsim khoom. Xyoo 1941, PPSh tau txais los ntawm Red Army. Cov qauv no yog qhov pheej yig thiab yooj yim-rau-tsim cov caj npab me uas tau tsim thoob plaws hauv kev ua rog. Hauv tag nrho, kwv yees li 6 lab daim ntawm PPSh-41 tau tsim.
Cov txheej txheem, PPSh-41 yog riam phom tsis siv neeg ua los ntawm lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm qhov kaw qhov rooj dawb. Qhov hluav taws kub tau ua los ntawm kev tshawb nrhiav tom qab (los ntawm qhib ntsia liaj qhov rooj). Tus nruas tau tsau rau daim iav qhov rooj. Lub hom phiaj hloov hluav taws (hluav taws tsis siv neeg / hluav taws ib zaug) tau nyob sab hauv tus tiv thaiv tiv thaiv, ncaj qha rau ntawm xub ntiag.
Lub fuse tau ua nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm tus swb ntawm tus kov ntawm tus ntsia liaj qhov rooj, nws tuaj yeem xauv lub ntsia liaj qhov rooj nyob rau hauv pem hauv ntej lossis tom qab txoj haujlwm. Lub thawv ntim khoom thiab lub thawv ntsia hlau tau thwj cim, ua los ntawm cov hlau, sab xub ntiag ntawm lub tog raj kheej uas nthuav tawm mus rau tom ntej hla qhov muzzle txiav thiab ua haujlwm raws li lub qhov ncauj nres-them nyiaj. Cov khoom ntawm rab phom submachine yog ntoo, feem ntau yog ua los ntawm cov ntoo.
Thaum xub thawj, nws tau ntseeg tias lub zog tshwj xeeb ntawm PPSh tau muab los ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm nruas rau 71 puag ncig, uas ua kom muaj kev kub ceev ntawm hluav taws thiab hloov pauv cov ntawv xov xwm tsawg. Tab sis cov khw muag khoom tau txawv los ntawm kev tsim qauv nyuaj, tus nqi tsim khoom ntau thiab ntau qhov ua tsis tiav, uas dhau los ua qhov laj thawj uas xyoo 1942 PPSh tau pib nruab nrog cov ntawv xov xwm rau 35 ncig, uas zoo ib yam li cov uas tau ua yav dhau los siv ntawm PPD-40, thiab yav tom ntej thiab yuav luag txhua tus qauv ntawm riam phom hauv tsev.
Kev pom ntawm PPSh pib suav nrog kev pom lub hauv ntej ruaj khov thiab pom kev pom, tom qab ntawd - tshwj xeeb lub ntsej muag L -puab lub nraub qaum pom nrog teeb tsa ntawm 100 thiab 200 meters. Qhov tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm PPSh suav nrog kev yooj yim thiab pheej yig ntawm kev tsim qauv, qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev tua ntau, qhov hluav taws kub siab; qhov tsis zoo suav nrog qhov hnyav ntawm tus qauv, nrog rau kev nyiam ua rau qhov tsis tuaj yeem txhaj tshuaj thaum muaj xwm txheej rab phom submachine poob ntawm qhov chaw tawv.
Tsis zoo li ntau tus qauv ntawm Allied thiab Wehrmacht submachine phom, PPSh siv rab phom rab phom me me (7, 62 mm piv rau 9 mm German). Nws muaj lub davhlau thawj zaug siab dua, uas ua rau nws tuaj yeem tua hluav taws nyob deb li ntawm 300 metres hauv kev sib tua ib zaug, uas tau npog tag nrho cov kev xav tau ntawm kev tshem cov av los yog kev sib ntaus hauv nroog.
Qhov xav tau qis uas tau yuam rau cov cuab yeej ua haujlwm thaum tsim cov PPSh coj mus rau qhov tseeb tias PPSh-41 tau tsim txawm tias nyob hauv Soviet pab pawg sib cais. Qhov kev tsim ua tiav ntawm cov caj npab me no kuj tau sau tseg los ntawm cov neeg German, uas tau ua qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm PPShs uas raug ntes hauv qab lawv 9x19 "Parabellum" cartridge. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, tsawg kawg 10 txhiab ntawm cov phom submachine tau tsim. Kev hloov kho hauv German, nrog rau ntes PPShs, tsis txhob yig siv tub rog los ntawm cov neeg tseem ceeb German, piv txwv li, Waffen-SS. Muaj coob tus yees duab tau paub uas qhia German cov tub rog ua rog nrog Soviet PPShs.
Kev qhia tshwj xeeb:
Caliber: 7.62x25 hli TT;
Qhov hnyav: 3, 63 kg tsis muaj ntawv xov xwm, 4, 3 kg. nrog lub suab rau 35 puag ncig, 5,45 kg. nrog nruas rau 71 puag ncig;
Ntev: 843 hli;
Tus nqi hluav taws: txog 900 rds / min;
Lub peev xwm ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm: 35 qhov hloov pauv nyob rau hauv lub suab raj (zoo li lub thawv) lossis 71 hloov hauv lub nruas;
Kev tua hluav taws zoo: 200 m.
Submachine rab phom Sudaev - PPS -43
Txawm tias muaj tseeb tias PPSh-41 tau yooj yim los tsim, nws cov khoom siv tseem xav tau cov cuab yeej siv hlau txiav. Ib qho ntxiv, rau tag nrho nws cov txiaj ntsig tsis sib xws, nws hnyav heev thiab tsis yooj yim rau siv hauv qhov nqaim nqaim lossis qhov chaw nyob ib puag ncig. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tsis haum rau cov neeg soj xyuas, paratroopers, tankers. Yog li ntawd, twb tau nyob rau xyoo 1942, Red Army tau tshaj tawm qhov xav tau rau rab phom submachine tshiab, uas yuav tsum yog me dua thiab sib zog dua li PPSh. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, tus tsim qauv Alexei Sudaev tau tsim rab phom submachine ntawm thawj tus qauv PPS-42 hauv Leningrad raug kaw los ntawm Nazis. Qhov kawg ntawm 1942, tus qauv no tau muab tso rau hauv kev pabcuam.
Kev siv tshuab, Sudaev rab phom submachine yog rab phom me uas tau tsim los raws li txoj hauv kev ua haujlwm tsis pub siv rab riam thiab raug tua los ntawm lub nraub qaum (los ntawm qhib ntsia liaj qhov rooj). Hom tua yog tsis siv neeg nkaus xwb. Lub fuse tau nyob rau ntawm xub ntiag ntawm tus tiv thaiv tus tiv thaiv thiab thaiv lub rub tawm. Tus txais tau ua los ntawm cov thwj txias los ntawm cov hlau thiab yog ib thooj nrog lub thoob yas. PPS tau nruab nrog lub qhov ncauj nres-them nyiaj ntawm qhov yooj yim tsim. Txog kev tshem tawm, tus txais "tawg" rau pem hauv ntej thiab nqis raws txoj kab uas nyob ntawm xub ntiag ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm. Cov cuab yeej pom tau yog lub nraub qaum pom rov qab, tsim rau thaj tsam ntawm 100 thiab 200 meters thiab kho qhov muag pom qhov muag. PPS tau nruab nrog cov khoom ntim khoom, uas tau ua los ntawm cov hlau. Raws li cov khw muag khoom, lub thawv ntawv zoo li cov ntawv xov xwm nrog lub peev xwm ntawm 35 ncig tau siv. Lawv tsis hloov pauv nrog PPSh cov khw muag khoom.
Ntxiv rau qhov yooj yim ntawm kev tsim khoom, PPS kuj tseem muaj lub pob tw, uas ua rau nws yog ib qho qauv tsis tseem ceeb ntawm cov caj npab me rau kev siv phom thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm ntawm ntau lub tsheb sib ntaus. Xyoo 1943, Sudaev cov khoom tau hloov kho tshiab thiab tsim tawm hauv daim ntawv no txog xyoo 1945. Hauv tag nrho, thaum lub xyoo ua tsov rog, kwv yees li ib nrab lab PPS ntawm ob tus qauv tau tsim. Tom qab qhov kev ua tsov rog xaus, rab phom submachine no tau xa tawm mus rau cov xeev pro-Soviet thiab kev txav chaw (suav nrog PRC thiab North Kauslim). Feem ntau, nws yog PPS-43 uas tau lees paub tias yog rab phom zoo tshaj plaws ntawm Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob.
Kev qhia tshwj xeeb
Caliber: 7.62x25 hli TT;
Qhov hnyav: 3.04 kg. qw, 3,67kg. them;
Ntev (Tshuag ncua / quav): 820/615 hli;
Tus nqi hluav taws: txog 700 rds / min;
Cov ntawv xov xwm: ntawv xov xwm carob rau 35 puag ncig;
Kev tua hluav taws zoo: 200 m.
