"Great Russia Derzhimords" Stalin thiab Dzerzhinsky. Lenin txoj kev sib cav nrog nws cov phooj ywg-hauv-caj npab hais txog daim ntawv ntawm lub xeev Soviet

Cov txheej txheem:

"Great Russia Derzhimords" Stalin thiab Dzerzhinsky. Lenin txoj kev sib cav nrog nws cov phooj ywg-hauv-caj npab hais txog daim ntawv ntawm lub xeev Soviet
"Great Russia Derzhimords" Stalin thiab Dzerzhinsky. Lenin txoj kev sib cav nrog nws cov phooj ywg-hauv-caj npab hais txog daim ntawv ntawm lub xeev Soviet

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"Great Russia Derzhimords" Stalin thiab Dzerzhinsky. Lenin txoj kev sib cav nrog nws cov phooj ywg-hauv-caj npab hais txog daim ntawv ntawm lub xeev Soviet
"Great Russia Derzhimords" Stalin thiab Dzerzhinsky. Lenin txoj kev sib cav nrog nws cov phooj ywg-hauv-caj npab hais txog daim ntawv ntawm lub xeev Soviet

Kev tawg tawg sai ntawm thaj chaw Soviet uas tau tshwm sim xyoo 1991 tau tsa ntau cov lus nug txog lub zog ntawm lub xeev Soviet thiab qhov raug ntawm nws lub tebchaws thiab lub xeev xaiv hauv lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1922. Thiab nws tsis yog qhov yooj yim uas Putin, hauv ib qho ntawm nws qhov kev xam phaj zaum kawg, tau hais tias Lenin tau tso lub sijhawm foob pob nyob hauv Soviet Union.

Dab tsi tshwm sim thiab dab tsi cuam tshuam rau daim ntawv ntawm lub xeev Soviet thaum lub sijhawm nws tsim, thiab yam dab tsi cuam tshuam qhov no? Lub sijhawm ntawm Soviet keeb kwm no yog tus yam ntxwv tsis sib xws hauv kev coj noj coj ua Soviet yav dhau los thiab kev sib cav ntawm Lenin thiab Stalin txog qhov "autonomization".

Ob txoj hauv kev los tsim lub xeev Soviet

Lub hauv paus ntawm qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb yog ob txoj hauv kev sib txawv rau lub xeev lub xeev cov qauv ntawm Soviet Union. Thawj yog tus yam ntxwv los ntawm kev tsim lub xeev los ntawm lub hauv paus nruab nrab thiab qhov muaj feem thib ntawm kev txaus siab hauv tebchaws, qhov thib ob - los ntawm kev ywj pheej ntawm kev ywj pheej thiab kev nthuav dav ntawm cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev sib luag thiab ua raws txoj cai sib luag ntawm cov koomhaum koom pheej, txog rau kev ywj pheej ntawm kev sib cais los ntawm lub koomhaum.

Lenin thiab Stalin txhawb kev tsim kom muaj ib lub xeev thiab muaj zog hauv lub xeev thiab kev sib sau ntawm txhua lub koomhaum koom pheej hauv koomhaum: Stalin hais txog qhov tseemceeb ntawm kev tswj hwm lub xeev thiab kev tawm tsam tawm tsam kev nyiam sib cais, thiab Lenin saib lub tebchaws-tsim tsa los ntawm kev ntseeg ntawm kev tawm tsam hwj chim loj Russia chauvinism.

Lenin nyob rau lub sijhawm keeb kwm no twb tau mob hnyav, nws txoj kev mob siab rau tiv thaiv Great Russia chauvinism tau tso nws lub cim tseg ntawm nws cov lus hais txog nom tswv thiab kev coj ua hauv xyoo dhau los ntawm nws lub neej thiab tau txais qee yam kev tsis txaus ntseeg ntawm kev tsis nyiam kev ntxub ntxaug. Yog li, hauv tsab ntawv mus rau tus thawj coj ntawm Hungarian cov neeg sib tham, Bela Kun, thaum Lub Kaum Hli 1921, nws tau sau:

Kuv yuav tsum tawm tsam kev tawm tsam tsis ncaj ncees rau Western Europeans ua raws li cov txheej txheem ntawm cov neeg Lavxias ib nrab-barbaric.

Thiab hauv tsab ntawv rau Kamenev thaum Lub Kaum Hli 1922, nws tau hais tias:

Kuv tshaj tawm kev sib ntaus lub neej-thiab-tuag rau Great Russia chauvinism.

Kev sib cav ntawm Lenin thiab Stalin

Ua ntej txheej txheem kev sib sau ua ke, rov qab rau lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1921, ntawm cov lus pom zoo los ntawm Caucasian Bureau of Central Committee ntawm RCP (b), coj los ntawm Ordzhonikidze, cov lus nug tshwm sim ntawm kev txiav txim siab tsoomfwv txoj cai lij choj ntawm Azerbaijan, Georgia thiab Armenia thiab lawv kev koom ua ke rau hauv Transcaucasian Federation, uas tau tawm tsam los ntawm ib feem ntawm kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Georgia, uas koom ua ke hauv pab pawg neeg txawv teb chaws coj los ntawm Mdivani, uas tsis pom zoo rau kev tsim ntawm USSR, thiab tom qab ntawd hais kom Georgia nkag mus rau hauv koomhaum tsis dhau los ntawm Transcaucasian Federation, tab sis ncaj qha.

Ordzhonikidze txawm li cas los xij ua raws txoj cai ntawm kev koom ua ke cov koom pheej, uas ua rau muaj kev tsis sib haum xeeb nrog cov thawj coj hauv Georgia, thiab nws tau xa ntawv tsis txaus siab mus rau Pawg Neeg Soj Ntsuam. Ib lub luag haujlwm ua haujlwm los ntawm Dzerzhinsky tau tsim thiab xa mus rau Georgia, uas tau txheeb xyuas qhov xwm txheej thiab txhawb kev tsim ntawm Transcaucasian Federation, tib lub sijhawm nws taw qhia Ordzhonikidze qhov tsis txaus ntseeg, nws nrawm heev thiab mob siab rau. Lub Koom Haum Transcaucasian tau tsim nrog kev txhawb nqa ntawm Lenin, tab sis Lenin hauv nws tsab ntawv ceeb toom rau Pawg Neeg Soj Ntsuam tiv thaiv kev muaj hwj chim loj chauvinism thiab hu ua Stalin thiab Dzerzhinsky "Great Russian Derzhimords." Yog li Georgian Stalin thiab Pole Dzerzhinsky, thiab tsis yog "Great Russia" Lenin, tiv thaiv cov neeg Lavxias raws li lub xeev-tsim lub tebchaws ntawm lub xeev yav tom ntej.

Thaum Lub Yim Hli 1922, pawg thawj coj rau kev npaj tsab ntawv txiav txim siab txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm RSFSR thiab cov koom pheej ywj pheej tau pom zoo rau tsab cai "autonomization" npaj los ntawm Stalin. Txoj haujlwm tau muab rau kev nkag mus rau hauv tebchaws ntawm Ukraine, Belarus, Azerbaijan, Georgia thiab Armenia (tom qab Transcaucasian Federation) rau RSFSR, txuas ntxiv kev muaj peev xwm ntawm All-Russian Central Executive Committee thiab Council of People Commissars of the RSFSR cov koom haum sib xws ntawm cov koom pheej, kev hloov pauv ntawm kev coj ua sab nraud, kev ua tub rog thiab nyiaj txiag ntawm RSFSR, thiab tib neeg txoj cai ntawm kev ncaj ncees, kev kawm, haujlwm sab hauv, kev ua liaj ua teb, cov neeg ua haujlwm thiab cov neeg ua liaj ua teb kev tshuaj xyuas, kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev nyab xeeb hauv zej zog ntawm cov koom pheej tseem ywj siab.

Txoj haujlwm no ua rau muaj kev tawm tsam kev ua phem thiab ua phem rau Lenin. Nws pib sau ntawv rau Stalin tias yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj kev nkag los ntawm cov koom pheej rau hauv RSFSR, tab sis lawv kev koom ua ke, ua ke nrog RSFSR, koom ua ke ntawm cov koom pheej ntawm Tebchaws Europe thiab Asia ntawm cov lus sib npaug, thiab yuav tsum muaj txhua yam -Union All-Union Central Executive Committee, uas txhua lub tebchaws muaj kev ywj pheej.

Stalin tau sim ua pov thawj rau Lenin tias lub tebchaws tau ua haujlwm los rhuav tshem kev sib koom ntawm cov koom pheej, thiab kev ywj pheej raug cai tsuas yog txhawb rau cov kev xav no. Nws hais txog tsis hais txog kev muaj vaj huam sib luag ntawm cov koom pheej, tab sis kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev sib koom tiag tiag ntawm lub tebchaws thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm nws lub koom haum tswj hwm, tab sis Lenin tsis xav mloog nws. Nyob rau hauv kev nyuaj siab los ntawm Lenin thaum Lub Kaum Hli 1922, qhov kev pom zoo ntawm Pawg Neeg Sawv Cev Hauv Nroog ntawm RCP (b) tau txiav txim siab txog kev yeem yeem koom ua ke ntawm cov koom pheej thiab txiav txim siab ua rau pom kev muaj hwj chim loj.

Thaum thawj lub rooj sib tham ntawm Soviets ntawm USSR thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 26, Stalin tau qhia kom xa tsab ntawv ceeb toom "Ntawm kev tsim ntawm Union of Soviet Socialist Republics", thiab lub rooj sib tham tau pom zoo cov lus tshaj tawm ntawm kev tsim ntawm USSR. Nws tau teev tseg cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev koom ua ke ntawm cov koom pheej, kev sib luag thiab kev txaus siab ntawm kev nkag mus rau hauv Soviet Union, txoj cai ywj pheej tawm ntawm Union thiab nkag mus rau Union rau cov koom pheej tshiab Soviet socialist.

"Autonomization" kev tsis sib haum xeeb

Kev sib cav ntawm Lenin thiab Stalin tsis xaus rau ntawd. Lenin txiav txim siab los txhawb nws txoj haujlwm los ntawm kev liam Stalin ntawm kev txhawb nqa lub zog loj uas muaj lub siab nyiam thiab tsis muaj kev tawm tsam rau cov neeg txawv tebchaws hauv tebchaws Georgia nrog nws tsab ntawv "Ntawm lo lus nug ntawm haiv neeg lossis" kev tswj hwm tus kheej "rau 12th Party Congress thaum lub Plaub Hlis 1923.

Ua ntej ntawd, nws tau ntsib nrog Mdivani thiab kev xav tau sau hais tias lub tswv yim ntawm "kev tswj hwm tus kheej" yog qhov tsis raug:

… nws yog qhov tsim nyog kom paub qhov txawv nruab nrab ntawm kev ntxub ntxaug lwm haiv neeg ntawm haiv neeg uas raug tsim txom thiab kev ntxub ntxaug lwm haiv neeg ntawm haiv neeg uas raug tsim txom, kev ua nom ua tswv ntawm ib lub tebchaws loj thiab lub tebchaws ntawm haiv neeg tsawg. Hauv kev cuam tshuam nrog haiv neeg thib ob, yuav luag txhua zaus hauv keeb kwm kev coj ua, peb, haiv neeg ntawm ib lub tebchaws loj, tau pom tias ua txhaum. Yog li ntawd, kev coj noj coj ua thoob ntiaj teb los ntawm kev tsim txom lossis lub tebchaws "zoo" (txawm hais tias tsuas yog los ntawm nws qhov kev ua phem, zoo tsuas yog hauv txoj kev uas Derzhimorda zoo) yog yuav tsum tsis yog tsuas yog ua raws li kev cai lij choj ntawm haiv neeg, tab sis kuj tseem muaj qhov tsis sib xws uas yuav them rau ntawm cov neeg tsim txom lub tebchaws, lub tebchaws loj, qhov tsis sib xws uas tsim hauv lub neej tiag.

Qhov no yog thawj qhov kev xav Lenin tau cuam tshuam nrog cov neeg Lavxias uas "tsim txom cov tebchaws me" thiab lawv ua txhaum rau lawv qhov zoo.

Tsis yog txhua tus neeg hauv tog tau txais tos Lenin hu tawm tsam "Great Russia chauvinism," thiab ntau tus tau koom tes nrog Stalin. Hauv qhov no, Lenin tig mus rau Trotsky nrog kev thov

los tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv ntawm Georgian ua rau ntawm Pawg Thawj Coj Hauv Pawg. Qhov xwm txheej no tam sim no nyob rau hauv "kev tsim txom" ntawm Stalin thiab Dzerzhinsky, thiab kuv tsis tuaj yeem cia siab rau lawv qhov tsis ncaj ncees.

Txawm li cas los xij, Trotsky tsis teb rau qhov kev thov no, thiab Lenin xa xov tooj ntawm kev txhawb nqa rau Georgia:

Kuv ua raws koj rooj plaub nrog tag nrho kuv lub siab. Kev npau taws los ntawm Ordzhonikidze qhov tsis txaus ntseeg thiab los ntawm Stalin thiab Dzerzhinsky

Lenin txoj haujlwm ntawm "Great Russia chauvinism" tau hais meej meej dhau los: Cov neeg Lavxias tsis tau raug kev txom nyem los ntawm qhov no, thiab tag nrho keeb kwm ntawm lawv kev nyob ua ke nrog lwm haiv neeg ntawm ntau lub teb chaws faj tim teb chaws tsuas yog lees paub qhov no. Nws yog qhov tsis raug los tsim txoj cai hauv tebchaws ntawm lub xeev tsim tshiab raws li cov hauv paus ntsiab lus no. Cov neeg Lavxias ib txwm yog tus caj qaum ntawm Lavxias lub xeev, thiab txhua lub tebchaws yuav tsum sib sau ua ke ib puag ncig nws hauv kev tsim lub xeev tshiab. Hauv qhov teeb meem no, Lenin tau sim ua rau txhua tus neeg nws tus kheej, muaj kev ncaj ncees thiab tsis muaj ib txoj hauv kev uas tsis muaj tseeb txog cov neeg Lavxias.

Kev sib tham ntawm "lo lus nug hauv tebchaws" txuas ntxiv ntawm XII Party Congress. Stalin tau hais tawm thiab sib cav tias Lub Koom Haum, thiab tsis nyob hauv cov koom pheej, yuav tsum tau tsom mus rau cov thawj coj tseem ceeb ntawm lub xeev, thiab lawv yuav tsum tiv thaiv ib qho kev pom ntawm kev cai hauv tsev thiab txawv teb chaws. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, Stalin yuav tsum, raws li nws tau thov zam txim rau kev mob siab rau lub xeev sib koom ua ke, txij li emigre magazine Smenam Vekh pib qhuas Bolsheviks rau txoj cai no:

Cov Smenovekhovites qhuas Bolshevik cov neeg tawm tsam, tab sis peb paub tias dab tsi Denikin ua tsis tiav, koj yuav npaj nws, tias koj, Bolsheviks, tau rov kho lub tswv yim ntawm Russia zoo, lossis, hauv txhua qhov xwm txheej, koj yuav rov kho nws.

Qhov tseeb, nws yog.

"Independence" ntawm Ukraine

Stalin tau tawm tsam qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm ib lub xeev mus rau hauv kev sib koom ua ke, nws ntseeg tias nws yog haiv neeg hauv tebchaws uas yog kev hem thawj loj rau kev sib koom siab ntawm Union. Ntxiv nrog rau kev ntseeg haiv neeg Georgia, tib lub tswv yim tau tshwm sim hauv tebchaws Ukraine.

Tus neeg sawv cev Ukrainian Manuilsky tau hais tias:

Hauv tebchaws Ukraine, muaj qhov sib txawv loj nrog qee tus phooj ywg coj los ntawm Comrade Rakovsky. Cov kev tsis sib xws hauv kab hauv xeev yog Comrade. Rakovsky yog lub tswv yim tias kev koom tes yuav tsum yog kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov xeev.

Cov neeg sawv cev ntawm Ukraine tau qhia lawv txoj kab ntawm "kev ywj pheej" thiab "kev ywj pheej", emasculating lub tswvyim ntawm ib lub xeev, thiab tsom mus rau kev tawm tsam tiv thaiv Great Russia chauvinism.

Skripnik:

Ib lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev pom yog lub hwj chim tseem ceeb hauv nruab nrab, uas muaj nyob hauv nws daim ntawv ib leeg thiab cais tsis tau Russia, tseem, hmoov tsis, nws tseem muaj nws cov neeg txhawb nqa hauv peb tog. Peb yuav tsum tshem tawm qhov kev xav no, rhuav tshem nws, peb yuav tsum tshem tawm peb tus kheej tas li los ntawm nws, vim tias cov lus hais tias "ib lub tebchaws tsis tuaj yeem koom ua ke" tsuas yog Smena-Vekhovian kev hloov pauv ntawm Denikin cov lus hais tias "ib thiab tsis muaj tebchaws Russia."

Rakovsky:

Kuv ntseeg tias peb, Ukrainians, tsis muaj cov neeg tsawg dua li cov Stalin. Thaum nws xav qhia kev nkag siab ntau ntxiv hauv lub tswv yim no, peb yuav sib cav txog qhov qhab nia no.

Stalin tau tawm tsam lawv sai:

Kuv pom tias qee qhov vols. ntawm cov neeg Ukrainian thaum lub sijhawm los ntawm I Congress ntawm Union of Republics mus rau XII Congress ntawm Party thiab lub rooj sib tham no tau dhau qee qhov kev hloov pauv los ntawm tsoomfwv mus rau kev ywj pheej. Zoo, Kuv yog rau tsoomfwv, uas yog, tawm tsam kev sib koom tes, uas yog, tawm tsam Rakovsky thiab Skrypnik cov lus thov.

Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias tom qab Lub Ob Hlis kev hloov pauv thiab kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub teb chaws, nws yog qhov tseeb Georgia thiab Ukraine uas feem ntau ntawm txhua tus tawm tswv yim "kev ywj pheej" thiab xav tau "thaj chaw raug cai" rau lawv tus kheej. Ntxiv rau Abkhazia, Georgia suav tias yog ib feem ntawm Kuban mus txog Tuapse raws li nws cov av hauv paus txawm, thiab Ukraine suav tias yog tag nrho Novorossia, Kuban, ib feem ntawm Kursk thiab Belgorod cheeb tsam thiab "Green Wedge" nyob rau sab Hnub Tuaj.

Tom qab kev tawg ntawm Soviet Union xyoo 1991, qhov xwm txheej zoo li no tau rov hais dua: cov neeg tseem ceeb hauv tebchaws, sawv cev rau kev sib koom ua ke ntawm cov neeg tawg rog, Komsomol thiab kev lag luam lub npe thiab kev tsim duab ntxoov ntxoo, ntawm theem keeb kwm tshiab pib ua si "kev ywj pheej" nrog rau qhov xav tau tib yam, thiab qhov ua tau zoo tshaj plaws nws cov yeej yog Georgia thiab Ukraine dua.

Kev tawm tsam ntawm ob txoj hauv kev ntawm Lenin thiab Stalin rau kev tsim ntawm lub xeev Soviet tau pom tias kev yeej ntawm Lenin txoj hauv kev tau dhau los ua phem thiab nrog rau qhov tshwm sim deb, dhau los ua ib qho ntawm qhov ua rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm Soviet Union.

Pom zoo: