Tej yam tsis txaus ntseeg tshwm sim qee zaum hauv ntiaj teb kev siv tub rog. Ib lub tebchaws me ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig rau nws txoj kev txhim kho uas tsis sib xws nrog nws qhov loj. Nov yog Czech koom pheej ib yam … Ib lub tebchaws nyob hauv plawv teb chaws Europe, tab sis me me heev. Txawm li cas los xij, rab phom tau tsim los ntawm nws cov kws tsim khoom siv phom, thiab rab phom, thiab rab phom, thiab yam twg … Tag nrho Austro-Hungarian pab tub rog thiab tub rog tau siv riam phom Skoda thiab uas-txog li qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm 420-mm, thiab mortars tau mus txog 500 mm. Thiab nyob rau lub sijhawm nruab nrab ntawm ob kev tsov rog ntiaj teb, Czech koom pheej tsis tsuas yog los ua tswv cuab ntawm lub ntiaj teb cov koom haum tso tsheb hlau luam, tab sis kuj tau coj qhov chaw zoo thiab tsim nyog hauv nws. Yog li tsim nyog tias German Wehrmacht tsis quav ntsej cov khoom ntawm nws lub chaw tsim khoom tank, thiab nws tau tawm tsam txog xyoo 1945. Zoo, ua ntej Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum II, nws yog Czechoslovakia uas yog tus tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm kev tso tsheb hlau luam hauv Europe. Tom qab tag nrho, cov tso tsheb hlau luam ntawm Skoda thiab CKD cov tuam txhab tau mus rau Austria thiab Bulgaria, tau muab rau Hungary, Romania, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, thiab txawm rau Iran thiab Peru. Thiab yog, qhov tseeb, cov tuam txhab no tuaj yeem npaj tso tawm ob qhov qauv, uas ua rau pom qhov cim ntawm txhua lwm cov tshuab ntawm tib chav kawm thiab lub sijhawm-uas yog, LT-35 thiab LT-38 tso tsheb hlau luam. Tab sis qhov no tsis txaus. Thaum Lub Tebchaws Yelemees nyob hauv Czechoslovakia, cov tsheb no txuas ntxiv tsim tawm raws li German lub npe Pz-Kpfw. 35 (t) thiab Pz-Kpfw. 38 (t), lossis 35 thiab 38 (t), qhov twg “t” txhais tau tias “Czech”. Ntau tus tso tsheb hlau luam no tseem tau xa thiab muag mus rau lub hnub qub hauv tebchaws Yelemes, lossis tau siv los ua lub hauv paus rau cov tsheb tshiab.
Tsev khaws puav pheej hauv Banska Bystrica, lub tank LT-38.
Zoo, zaj dab neeg hais txog ob lub tso tsheb hlau luam no yuav tsum pib nrog ceeb toom tias hauv Czechoslovakia thaum lub sijhawm 30s ob lub tuam txhab tau koom nrog tsim cov tsheb tiv thaiv: CKD thiab Skoda. Lub tuam txhab Skoda tau tsim muaj xyoo 1859 los ntawm Emil Ritter von Skoda - yog li nws lub npe. Cov chaw tsim khoom ntawm lub tuam txhab no tau nyob hauv lub nroog Pilsen, thiab kev tsim riam phom tau pib xyoo 1890. Skoda rab phom tau muab rau ntau lub tebchaws hauv ntiaj teb thaum kawg ntawm Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ib. Tom qab ntawd lub tuam txhab tau txais cov khoom lag luam tsheb Laurin thiab Clement, thiab ntawm Skoda lawv xav tsis yog tsuas yog tsim cov tsheb, tab sis kuj hais txog cov tsheb tiv thaiv. Txawm hais tias qhov teeb meem tau nyuaj los ntawm qhov tseeb tias twb muaj lub tuam txhab nyob hauv lub tebchaws uas tsim cov tsheb tiv thaiv - "Tatra". Lwm qhov laj thawj yog kev ua tiav ntawm cov neeg sib tw los ntawm companyKD lub tuam txhab, uas nws cov chaw tsim khoom nyob hauv Prague. Txawm li cas los xij, lub tuam txhab ČKD yeej tsis tau ua tub rog, txawm hais tias nws tau tsim cov tsheb thauj tub rog thiab tseem taug qab cov tsheb laij teb loj. Tias yog vim li cas, thaum cov tub rog pib xaiv cov chaw tsim khoom rau Cardin-Lloyd tankette yuav hauv tebchaws Askiv, nws yog CKD uas poob rau lawv xaiv, vim tias nws twb tau tsim cov tshuab ntawm txoj kev. Muaj tseeb, cov tank tsim tawm raws li lub npe vz. 33 (P-1) tsis nyob ntev hauv kev tsim khoom. Tag nrho 70 lub tsheb tau tsim thiab xyoo 1933 lawv tau nres ntawd.
LT-35 tso rau ntawm Asmeskas Aberdeen Proving Ground. Ua tib zoo ua cov xim tha xim camouflage yog qhov tseem ceeb.
Txawm li cas los xij, kev tsim cov tsheb sib ntaus tau dhau los ua lag luam muaj txiaj ntsig rau lub tuam txhab, thiab xyoo 1934, CKD, ntawm nws tus kheej txoj haujlwm, tau muab cov tub rog lub teeb tso tsheb hlau luam ntawm nws tus kheej tsim, muaj riam phom 37-mm Skoda thiab ob rab phom tshuab. Lub tank tau lees txais rau hauv kev pabcuam raws li lub npe LT.vz.34 (lub teeb lub tank, qauv 34), thiab tau tsim tawm hauv 50 lub tsheb.
"Skoda", tau kawg, tsis xav ua kom muaj kev sib tw, vim nws tseem muaj qee qhov kev paub dhau los hauv cov teeb meem no-ob qhov kev sim phom tua tus kheej uas tau tsim los ntawm kev pib ua haujlwm rau kev xav tau ntawm kev tiv thaiv lub tank thiab huab cua tiv thaiv. Hauv tib lub xyoo, nws tau muab cov tub rog lub tank nruab nrab SU, tab sis lawv tsis lees paub nws. Los ntawm txoj kev, ib qho laj thawj yog tias immediatelyKD tam sim muab tus qauv txhim kho ntawm LT.vz.34.
"Skoda" tau teb nrog S -N -tank (S - Skoda, II - lub teeb lub tank, thiab - tus qauv cavalry), thiab cov tub rog nyiam nws ntau dua lub tank los ntawm CKD tuam txhab. Thaum xub thawj, ob lub tso tsheb hlau luam ntawm cov qauv ntoo ntawm lub tuam txhab tau nthuav tawm rau lub luag haujlwm thaum Lub Kaum Hli 1934. S-II tau txais kev pom zoo, thiab thaum Lub Rau Hli 1935 nws cov qauv tau mus kuaj. Zoo, sai li sai tau qhov kev sim tau dhau, thaum Lub Kaum Hli 1935, lub tuam txhab tau xaj xaj rau 160 lub tso tsheb hlau luam ntawm hom no ib zaug. Yog li CKD poob nws txoj kev tswj hwm ntawm kev tsim cov tso tsheb hlau luam hauv Czechoslovakia. Zoo, S-II-a, uas tau muab lub npe LT-35, tau pib tsim tawm tsis yog rau qhov xav tau ntawm nws tus kheej lub tebchaws, tab sis kuj tau xa tawm txawv teb chaws. Tom qab ntawd Skoda tau thov S-III lub tank nruab nrab qauv, thiab ntau qhov kev hloov pauv txuas ntxiv-T-21, T-22 thiab T-23.
Qhov txaus siab, kev sib tw tsis tiv thaiv cov tuam txhab los ntawm kev pom zoo ntawm kev sib koom ua ke ntawm lub tank tshiab LT-35, thiab cov lej xaj tsheb tau faib yuav luag ib yam.
Txawm li cas los xij, CKD txuas ntxiv ua haujlwm ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam tshiab, uas ua rau AH-IV tankette thiab TNH lub teeb tso dej. AH-IV txaus siab feem ntau yog cov neeg siv khoom txawv teb chaws, thaum TNH nyiam Czechoslovak cov tub rog. Cov kev sim ntawm lub tsheb tau mus zoo; thaum Lub Xya Hli 1, 1938, lub tank tau txais kev pabcuam raws li lub npe LT-38. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, 150 ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam no tau xaj, nrog thawj 20 qhov xav tau los xaus rau xyoo 1938, thiab tag nrho cov seem 130 nyob rau xyoo 1939, txog rau thaum lub Tsib Hlis xaus. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub tuam txhab tseem yuav tsum tau ua tus tswv V-8-H lossis ST-39 nruab nrab lub tank, uas yuav tsum tau ua hauv 300 lub tsheb. Muaj tseeb, lawv tsis muaj sijhawm los ua nws, txhua yam tau xaus ntawm qib ntawm tsab ntawv, vim tias Czechoslovakia tau muab tso ua ke. Tab sis txog tam sim no tseem tsis tau tshwm sim LT-35 thiab LT-38, thiab ntxiv rau lawv, lawv cov kev hloov pauv ntau, thiab ntau yam piv txwv nruab nrab pib xa tawm mus rau txawv teb chaws. Romania xaj ob hom tso tsheb hlau luam ib zaug: CKD AH-IV * (* Romanian designation R-1) thiab Skoda LT-35-R-2. Ntxiv mus, cov neeg Romanians xav tau 126 tso tsheb hlau luam, qee qhov tau tsim los ntawm Skoda, thiab qee qhov tau ua ncaj qha rau hauv Romania raws li daim ntawv tso cai tau txais. Xyoo 1942, Romania tau txais lwm lub tsheb 26 35 (t), tab sis los ntawm Tebchaws Yelemees. Tom ntej 50 lub tso tsheb hlau luam 38 (t) tau xa mus rau lawv los ntawm Germans thaum Lub Peb Hlis 1943, vim lawv poob ntau lub tso tsheb hlau luam ntawm Stalingrad. Cov neeg Roman tau hloov 21 lub tso tsheb hlau luam rau hauv rab phom tua tus kheej nrog ntes F-22 USV thiab ZIS-Z rab phom. Txog thaum Lub Rau Hli 1944, kwv yees li 20 ntawm cov kev teeb tsa no tau tsim, uas yog lub npe TASAM R-2. Thaum pib xyoo 1940, cov neeg Romanians xav yuav 200 T-21 tso tsheb hlau luam los ntawm Skoda lub tuam txhab, tab sis daim ntawv cog lus no yeej tsis tau kos npe.
German PzKpfw. 38 (t) Ausf. A ntawm cov khoom ntawm lub tsev khaws khoom pov tseg hauv Munster.
Ces Czech tso tsheb hlau luam tau txais … Slovakia. Ua ntej qhov kev pom zoo Munich, thib 3 "faib nrawm" ntawm Czechoslovak pab tub rog tau nyob ntawm no, ua tub rog nrog 79 LT-35 tso tsheb hlau luam. Tam sim no, ntawm nws lub hauv paus, lub teb chaws Slovak armored units tau tsim. Tom qab ntawd Slovakia yuav ntxiv 32 38 (t) tso tsheb hlau luam los ntawm cov neeg German, thiab 21 LT-40 tso tsheb hlau luam (lub teeb, "xa tawm" version, uas tau npaj rau kev xa khoom mus rau Lithuania) tau pauv mus rau Slovaks raws li kev pab tub rog.
Thaum Lub Rau Hli 22, 1941, cov tub rog Slovak suav nrog 114 LT-35, LT-38 thiab LT-40 tso tsheb hlau luam. Kev poob loj hauv cov tso tsheb hlau luam ntawm Soviet-German pem hauv ntej yuam Slovaks kom yuav 37 lub tso tsheb hlau luam ntau ntxiv los ntawm pab pawg German los ntawm CKD lub tuam txhab, thiab, tau kawg, tso tsheb hlau luam ntawm German ncaj qha ntau lawm.
German PzKpfw. 38 (t) hauv tsev cia puav pheej hauv Togliatti. Hnov qhov txawv, raws li lawv hais. Zoo … zoo, tsawg kawg peb tau ua nws!
Ntau lub tso tsheb hlau luam tau xa mus rau qhov chaw deb heev thiab, ib tus tuaj yeem hais tias, txawv tebchaws. Piv txwv li, xyoo 1935, 50 TNH tso tsheb hlau luam tau mus rau Iran, thiab thaum kawg xyoo 1938, 24 LT-38s (ib qho ntawm kev hloov kho LTP) tau los ntawm koom pheej ntawm Peru. Txog Iran, tag nrho cov tso tsheb hlau luam no yog tus nqi tseem ceeb uas lawv tau ua haujlwm nrog nws pab tub rog txog xyoo 1957! Tab sis Peruvian tso tsheb hlau luam tau ua haujlwm ntev dua: ob ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam no tau koom nrog qee qhov xwm txheej hauv 1988 - zoo, pom tseeb, qee yam ntawm lwm qhov kev hais tawm hauv zos. Cov LTPs no txawv ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam Czech tiag hauv cov cuab yeej zoo ib yam li LT-35.
21 LTL tso tsheb hlau luam, ua tub rog nrog 20 mm Oerlikon tsis siv neeg cov phom loj, yuav tsum tau xa tawm mus rau Lithuania. Lawv tsis ncav cuag cov neeg Lithuanians, thiab tom qab ntawd lawv tau nruab nrog rab phom 37-mm, thiab lawv nyuam qhuav tig mus rau hauv lub tsheb loj LT-40, uas cov neeg German tau txiav txim siab muag rau cov koomhaum Slovakia. Thiab tib lub tank, tab sis ntawm LTH hom thiab nrog Oerlikon rab phom, tau muab rau Switzerland (24 lub tsheb), qhov uas nws tau xaiv Pz.39.
Thaum kawg, rau 92 TNH SV tso tsheb hlau luam nrog xa hauv xyoo 1939-40. tau txiav txim los ntawm Sweden. Nws tau pom meej tias nrog kev pib ua tsov rog daim ntawv cog lus tau raug tshem tawm, tab sis cov neeg German tseem tsis txaus siab rau kev sib cav nrog cov neeg nruab nrab Swedes, thiab ob lub qauv tso tsheb hlau luam, nrog rau daim ntawv tso cai rau lawv cov khoom, txawm li cas los xij tau xa mus rau Sweden. Thiab cov neeg Swedes tsim los ntawm lawv lub hauv paus chaw tso tsheb hlau luam zoo, qee qhov uas tau ua haujlwm txog … 1970!
Tank Museum hauv Thun, Switzerland. SPG tsab raws li LTH chassis mod. 1943g wb.
Lwm lub tebchaws nyob rau Sab Hnub Tuaj uas tau xaj Czech tso tsheb hlau luam xyoo 1938 yog Afghanistan, uas xav tau 10 Skoda tso tsheb hlau luam. Nws yog qhov tseeb tias cov tso tsheb hlau luam no tsis tau mus txog ntawd, tab sis lawv tau xaus … hauv Bulgaria, uas tau txais 26 LT-35s xyoo 1940, thiab xav xaj ntau dua. Nov yog lub tank "Afghan" tau muab rau nws. Cov LT-35 no txawv ntawm qhov lawv tau nruab nrog 37 mm A-8 rab phom, uas tau siv rau LT-38 tso tsheb hlau luam. Thiab lawv tau ua haujlwm hauv Bulgaria ntev li xyoo 1948 Skoda tau muab cov khoom seem rau lawv los ntawm cov khoom qub.
Tso tsheb hlau luam "Bulgarian delivery". Duab ntawm xyoo ua tsov rog.
Yugoslavia tau xaj ib daim qauv ntawm T-12-S-II-A, tab sis tsuas yog siv lub cav diesel thiab rab phom 47 hli. Yugoslavs suav rau 120 ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam no, tab sis kev ua tsov rog tau rhuav tshem txoj phiaj xwm no ib yam.
