Khoom siv thiab riam phom ntawm pab tub rog Askiv thaum kawg ntawm 16th - thawj ib nrab ntawm 17th caug xyoo (ntu 1)

Khoom siv thiab riam phom ntawm pab tub rog Askiv thaum kawg ntawm 16th - thawj ib nrab ntawm 17th caug xyoo (ntu 1)
Khoom siv thiab riam phom ntawm pab tub rog Askiv thaum kawg ntawm 16th - thawj ib nrab ntawm 17th caug xyoo (ntu 1)

Video: Khoom siv thiab riam phom ntawm pab tub rog Askiv thaum kawg ntawm 16th - thawj ib nrab ntawm 17th caug xyoo (ntu 1)

Video: Khoom siv thiab riam phom ntawm pab tub rog Askiv thaum kawg ntawm 16th - thawj ib nrab ntawm 17th caug xyoo (ntu 1)
Video: Vim kuv yog kuv txiv tus hluas nkauj tiam 1 daim 185 2024, Hlis ntuj nqeg
Anonim

Tus txiv neej pib tiv thaiv nws tus kheej ntev, ntev, thaum riam phom zoo li tseem tsis tau pom dua. Tus txiv neej yuav tsum tiv thaiv nws tus kheej los ntawm riam phom txij thaum lub riam phom nws tus kheej tshwm sim. Ib txhij nrog kev txhim kho riam phom rau kev ua phem, riam phom pib tsim los tiv thaiv: tiv thaiv tus neeg, nws lub cev los ntawm cov hniav ntse, claws thiab lub suab raj ntawm tsiaj. Tom qab ntawd nws yog kev tiv thaiv txheej thaum ub tsim los ntawm kev txhais tau tias: tsiaj tawv, tib lub raj, thiab lwm yam. Cov khaub ncaws tiv thaiv yog lub teeb, uas ua rau tus neeg yos hav zoov muaj kev txav mus tau zoo, tsis cuam tshuam nrog kev khiav nrawm thiab ua kom dexterous thiab nrawm hauv kev sib ntaus nrog cov tsiaj nyaum. Ua ntej dhau los ua cov cuab yeej ua rog puv ntoob, npog tag nrho tib neeg lub cev, cov khaub ncaws tiv thaiv tau dhau los ua txoj hauv kev ntev.

Rau kev tiv thaiv los ntawm cov xub, ntxiv rau los ntawm kev sib tsoo raug mob, cov cuab yeej sib ntaus sib tua tau npaj, uas, txawm tias thaum nkag mus, txo qhov hnyav ntawm kev raug mob. Lub sijhawm muaj txoj sia nyob tau nce ntxiv, qhov ntawd yog txhua yam.

Khoom siv thiab riam phom ntawm pab tub rog Askiv thaum kawg ntawm 16th - thawj ib nrab ntawm 17th caug xyoo (ntu 1)
Khoom siv thiab riam phom ntawm pab tub rog Askiv thaum kawg ntawm 16th - thawj ib nrab ntawm 17th caug xyoo (ntu 1)

Hwj chim cavalry hnyav nrog lub pob tawb tuav (hauv lus Askiv lo lus "pob tawb ntaj") 1600–1625. Ntev 100 cm. Weights 1729 England. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.

Yog tias peb ua tib zoo xav txog cov cuab yeej ua rog loj, peb yuav pom tias rau ntau pua xyoo nws tsis tau hloov pauv. Hauv XIII xyoo pua - kev tiv thaiv xa ntawv, hauv XIV xyoo pua - "kev hloov pauv" cov cuab yeej ua rog, XV xyoo pua - cov cuab yeej tas nrho, XVI - XVII ib puas xyoo - "peb lub hlis" cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv, lawv txhua tus hnyav tib yam: 30 - 40 kg. Qhov hnyav no tau faib thoob plaws hauv lub cev thiab sib npaug hauv lub zog rau cov tub rog nruab nrab (sib piv, cov cuab yeej ntawm cov tub rog niaj hnub no - 40 kg, ib tus tub rog los ntawm cov neeg tseem ceeb xws li Tub Rog Tub Rog - txog li 90 kg). Tawm ntawm cov koob no, tsuas yog cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv kev sib tw raug thawb tawm, tsim los tsis tiv thaiv kev raug mob los yog txo qhov hnyav ntawm kev raug mob, tab sis kom tiv thaiv lawv txawm tias thaum raug ntaus "hmuv" hauv siab. Lawm, cov cuab yeej no tsis tau siv hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua. Hnav cov ris tsho tiv thaiv kom ntev rau tus tub rog, thiab thaum tshav kub kub nws tuaj yeem raug cua sov. Yog li ntawd, feem ntau cov tub rog tau sim tsawg kawg ib nrab ntawm lawv tus kheej los ntawm lawv cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv, txawm tias paub tias lawv tuaj yeem ntes tsis tau cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab los ntawm kev xav tsis thoob, vim qhov no tshwm sim ntau zaus. Qee zaum lawv kuj tseem hle lawv cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv thaum hla lossis khiav tawm, thiab qee zaum lawv tau txiav nws los cawm lawv tus kheej txoj sia: cov cuab yeej siv tawv yog kim, tab sis lub neej kim dua!

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Duab

Tus tuav ntawm "pob tawb ntaj" 1600–1625 England. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.

Lub cluminess thiab clumsiness ntawm ib tug tub rog nyob rau hauv armor yog tsis muaj dab tsi ntau tshaj li ib tug tswvyim hais ua dabneeg. Tom qab tag nrho, cov cuab yeej sib ntaus sib tua, txawm hnyav heev, tso cai rau cov tub rog uas ua rau nws ua tiav txhua qhov kev txav mus los uas tsim nyog rau kev sib ntaus sib tua, thiab qee qhov chaw nruab nrab hauv nruab nrab tseem piav qhia txog kev ua yeeb yam ntawm cov tub rog. Nws txaus los mus ntsib Royal Arsenal hauv Leeds hauv tebchaws Askiv rau qhov ua yeeb yaj kiab ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm cov tub rog hnav khaub ncaws hnav hauv Greenwich kom pom tias lawv tuaj yeem dhia, ncaws ib leeg hauv siab, thiab tsoo ib leeg hauv lub ntsej muag tsis nrog rab riam, tab sis nrog hilt ntawm rab ntaj. Txawm li cas los xij, nrog kev nqis tes ua, tus tub rog nyob rau hauv cov cuab yeej ua haujlwm tau nrawm nrawm, yog li yuav tsum muaj lub cev muaj zog zoo los hnav cov cuab yeej. Los ntawm txoj kev, cov neeg ua yeeb yam hauv Leeds kuj hws thiab nkees …

Cov kev xav tau tshwj xeeb tau tsim los ntawm European cov kws tua hneev rau cov mantles, uas cuam tshuam nrog hneev taw, ua kom qeeb ntawm tes txav mus. Tsis yog txhua lub xub pwg tsim tso cai rau koj kom txhawb nqa koj txhais tes lossis nthuav lawv mus rau ob sab nrog kev siv zog tsawg. Hauv Asia, kuyachny, laminar lossis lamellar mantles tau siv - cov ntawv hloov pauv tau dai dawb ntawm lub xub pwg, hauv qhov no, kev txav mus los tau zoo dua vim muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo, vim tias lub xub pwg tsis tau npog los ntawm ib yam dab tsi.

Hauv Tebchaws Europe, lawv tau pib nrog kev tsim khoom ntawm cov teeb pom kev zoo ntawm cov saw hlau tiv thaiv, thiab tom qab ntawd txhim kho lawv cov khoom tiv thaiv. Nov yog qhov pib ntawm kev sib tw ntawm kev ua phem thiab tiv thaiv riam phom. Tsuas yog kev siv phom ntau thoob plaws qhov kev sib tw no. Sab nraum Tebchaws Europe, cov neeg ua cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv tsis tau sim ua kom muaj kev tiv thaiv kiag li. Ib daim ntaub thaiv tau khaws cia, nquag siv yeeb ncuab tshuab thiab tiv thaiv los ntawm xub. Hauv Tebchaws Europe, los ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th, daim ntaub thaiv poob tawm ntawm kev siv, txij li cov txheej txheem tshiab ntawm kev ntaj ua rau nws ua tau yam tsis muaj nws nyob rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua, lawv tau pib siv rab hmuv ncaj qha rau ntawm cuirass, thiab cov xub tsis ntshai tub rog ntxiv lawm.

Yog li, es tsis tiv thaiv tag nrho lub cev ntawm ib tus tub rog nrog daim hlau ruaj khov, tus yam ntxwv ntawm Tebchaws Europe txij thaum xyoo pua 15th, cov cuab yeej muaj zog ntau dua tau pib tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb yog cov chaw tsis muaj zog thiab cov kabmob tseem ceeb, thiab seem yog txawb thiab cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv lub teeb.

Cov keeb kwm keeb kwm ntawm Askiv muaj ntau phau ntawv ntawm lub ncauj lus no - tsuas yog ob lub qhov muag nthuav dav, thiab qhov no nkag siab tau - qhov no yog lawv keeb kwm, keeb kwm ntawm lawv lub tebchaws. Ntau yam tshuaj pleev thiab tam sim no ua haujlwm tau sau nyob rau xyoo dhau los thiab cov neeg Askiv lawv tus kheej xa lawv mus rau hnub no! Tab sis cia peb pib nrog keeb kwm yav dhau. Thiab ntawm no yog qhov peb yuav pom.

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Duab

Cov cuab yeej ua rog ntawm cov tub rog Askiv pikeman ntawm lub xyoo pua 17th.

Nws hloov tawm tias nyob rau xyoo pua 16th, piv txwv li, xyoo 1591, Cov kws tshawb nrhiav lus Askiv (thiab cov kws siv hneev taw tseem siv tau!) Tau thov kom lawv hnav cov ris tsho tiv thaiv npog nrog cov ntaub ci - "sib ntaus sib tua", ua los ntawm cov ntaub quilted, lossis hauv ob sab phlu hlau daim hlau Cov kws sau keeb kwm D. Paddock thiab D. Edge piav qhia qhov no los ntawm qhov tseeb tias cov phom phom tau ua tiav qhov ua tiav, tab sis qhov phom sij zoo tseem tsawg heev. Yog li ntawd, kev txhaj tshuaj los ntawm rab phom rab phom tau ua haujlwm zoo ntawm qhov deb tsis pub ntev tshaj 90 m. Cov cuab yeej siv ntawm cov neeg caij tsheb kuj tsim nyog rau cov riam phom ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd.

Hauv Tebchaws Yelemees nruab nrab, cov neeg rov ua haujlwm ntawm Henry VIII tau siv rab hmuv ntev 3.5 meters, thiab, ntxiv rau, txhua tus tau siv ob rab phom nrog lub log xauv. Lub rab yaj phom muaj qhov hnyav hnyav thiab hnyav txog 3 kg, muaj qhov ntev ib nrab-meter, lub mos txwv hnyav txog 30 grams, tab sis thaj tsam ntawm kev puas tsuaj yog li 45 m. Muaj ntau tshaj ob rab phom, yog tias muaj lub sijhawm zoo li no. Thiab tom qab ntawd lawv tau ntsaws rau saum lawv lub khau thiab ob peb ntxiv tau ntsaws rau hauv txoj siv. Tab sis kev tshawb fawb tau nce mus tom ntej thiab qhov zoo ntawm rab phom tau txhim kho. Pistols thiab muskets tau dhau los ua tau zoo tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv yav dhau los, twb dhau los lawm. Cov cuab yeej ua rog ntau dua, uas tuaj rau ntawm Reiters tom qab kev tsim tawm, tam sim no tau sim rau lub zog thiab ua tau zoo siv cov mos txwv. Tag nrho cov txheej txheem tau tshuaj xyuas qhov tsis zoo, tshwj xeeb yog lub kaus mom hlau.

Archduke Ferdinad ntawm Tyrol muaj cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv teeb tsa "Dav dawb hau", txhawb ntxiv nrog cov phaj ntxiv ntawm lub hauv siab, muab cov mos txwv ntxiv. Tab sis cov cuab yeej zoo li no, nrog rau nws qhov txiaj ntsig zoo - kev nyab xeeb, muaj qhov tsis zoo - lawv hnyav, uas, ntawm chav kawm, cuam tshuam rau cov tub rog lub zog.

Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, hauv tebchaws Askiv, muaj txheej txheem coj cov cuab yeej ua rog mus rau qee yam qauv, vim tias muaj kev hloov pauv hauv lub koom haum ntawm kev yuav khoom riam phom rau pab tub rog. Raws li txoj cai lij choj ntawm 1558, tam sim no nws yog lub luag haujlwm ntawm cov pej xeem los ua tub rog. Tus nqi ntawm kev koom tes yog nyob ntawm qhov nyiaj tau los ntawm kev ua haujlwm txhua xyoo. Yog li, "tus neeg siab zoo" nrog rau cov nyiaj tau los txhua xyoo ntawm £ 1,000 lossis ntau dua yuav tsum ua kom muaj nees rau tus tub rog (peb ntawm lawv yuav tsum tau siv hlua khi), thiab cov cuab yeej rau tus neeg caij; 10 tus nees rau lub cav cav cav hnyav (nrog cov cuab yeej thiab hlua khawm). Rau cov tub rog: 40 cov cuab yeej zoo ib yam thiab 40 lub hnyav, German-style: 40 pikes, 30 hneev (24 xub rau txhua tus); 30 lub kaus mom hlau hlau, 20 lub tog raj kheej lossis rab hmuv-zoo li daim nqi; 20 daim; thiab nees nkaum morion kaus mom hlau. Tus so tau yuav riam phom raws li lawv cov nyiaj tau los. Yog li ntawd, tus kws tshaj lij phom tau pib tsim ntau yam khoom siv ntawm cov cuab yeej zoo ib yam. Qhov no coj mus rau "kev tsim khoom hauv kab" ntawm lub tsho khuam thiab pab txhawb lawv txoj kev tso tawm. Nws yog qhov xav paub tias kev xa tawm tag nrho cov riam phom no mus rau lwm lub xeev tau txwv nruj me ntsis.

Cov tub rog tub rog hnyav hnyav hnyav hnyav hnyav hnyav, tiv thaiv tus neeg nruab nrab nruab nrab ntawm tus ncej puab, caj npab tau tiv thaiv tag nrho, thiab lub kaus mom hlau Morion muaj cov zuag thiab cov pluaj hlau pluaj uas tau khi nrog hlua nyob hauv qab lub puab tsaig. Lawv tau siv rab hmuv hnyav tsis muaj daim ntaub thaiv thiab rab ntaj. Cov tub rog caij nees hnyav hnav ib lub tsho xa ntawv thiab tib morion, thiab ntawm lawv txhais taw tau siab heev cov tub rog caij nees ua los ntawm tawv tawv, zoo ib yam li cov tub rog hnyav. Lawv tau ua riam phom nrog rab ntaj thiab rab hmuv ci. Hauv Norwich, lub cav tub rog lub teeb nyob rau xyoo 1584 nqa ob rab phom nyob rau hauv hnab tawv me ntawm lub eeb. Rau kev tiv thaiv, tau siv lub brigandine lossis jacque - lub tsho uas muaj kab hauv qab ntawm daim hlau kab rov tav.

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Duab

Brigandine ntawm XVI caug xyoo. Feem ntau yuav ua hauv Ltalis ib puag ncig 1570-1580. Nyhav 10615 g. Saib sab nraud thiab sab hauv. Philadelphia Tsev khaws puav pheej ntawm Art.

Cov neeg pikemen Irish tau raug tiv thaiv los ntawm cuirass, lawv txhais caj npab tau npog tag nrho, lawv lub taub hau tau npog nrog morion nrog cov zuag, lawv tsis hnav khaub ncaws tiv thaiv. Lawv tau siv riam phom ntev "Arab lance" (ntev txog 6 m), zoo li ntaj hnyav thiab rab ntaj luv.

Pom zoo: