Txawm hais tias muaj tshwm sim ntawm cov tso tsheb hlau luam - "tshuab rab phom rhuav tshem", cov kws tshaj lij tub rog hauv ntau lub tebchaws hauv 20s ntawm lub xyoo pua xeem tau lees paub tias rab phom tshuab txuas ntxiv ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev ua tsov rog. Yog li ntawd, nws tau txiav txim siab txuas ntxiv lawv txoj kev txhim kho hauv peb qhov tseem ceeb: txo qhov hnyav, nce tus nqi hluav taws thiab txo tus nqi tsim khoom. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, tsis txhob faib cov phom tshuab ua ob hom - lub teeb (lub teeb) rab phom tshuab nrog cov ntawv xov xwm thiab bipod, ua haujlwm los ntawm ib tus neeg, npaj rau siv hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm kev tawm tsam pab tub rog, thiab hnyav (easel) siv txoj siv tshuab phom, tau txais kev pab los ntawm ob tus txiv neej ua haujlwm thiab teeb tsa ntawm lub koob yees duab los tiv thaiv txoj haujlwm thiab ua hluav taws txuas ntxiv, muaj peb yam. Lub teeb tshuab rab phom, phom tshuab hnyav tseem nyob, tab sis hom thib peb tau ntxiv - ib rab phom, lossis rab phom tshuab nruab nrab. Hom kawg ua ke ua qhov zoo ntawm lub teeb thiab hnyav tshuab rab phom ntawm Thawj Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb. Lub tshuab rab phom tsuas yog lub teeb txaus, nws tau nqa los ntawm ib tus neeg ua riam phom phem. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias tsim nyog, nws tuaj yeem raug teeb tsa ntawm lub tshuab thiab ua hluav taws txuas ntxiv.
Tshuab rab phom "Brad". Canadian War Tsev khaws puav pheej, Ottawa.
Cov phom phom feem ntau tau tsim raws li cov phiaj xwm siv hauv Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ib hauv Lewis thiab MG08 / 18 cov phom tshuab: cua txias ntawm lub thoob, muab cov cartridges los ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm rau 20 lossis 30 puag ncig, bipod, hnyav txog 9 kg, ntev txog 1, 2 m. piv txwv ntawm cov riam phom zoo li no: Czech rab phom tshuab VZ 26 thiab VZ 30, ob lub caliber 7, 92 mm; Italian 6, 5-mm tshuab rab phom Breda, xyoo 1930 qauv; Japanese rab phom tshuab Hom 11 thiab Hom 66, ob qho tib si 6.5 mm. Cov no kuj suav nrog cov phom tshuab Fabkis zoo tshaj plaws ntawm xyoo 1924/29. thiab ib qho piv txwv ntawm 1931, ob qho tib si 7.5 mm; British 7, 7-mm tshuab rab phom "Bran" thiab ua haujlwm hnyav, txhim khu kev qha Soviet 7, 62-mm tshuab rab phom DP.
Thiab txij li txhua yam tau paub hauv kev sib piv, cia peb sib piv txhua qhov kev tsim no. Koj tuaj yeem pib nrog cov qauv, tab sis cia peb pib nrog qhov phem tshaj. Cov no yuav tsum, tsis muaj kev poob siab, suav nrog lub tshuab siv phom Italian lub teeb "Breda" qauv xyoo 1930. Nws tau tsim los ntawm kev hloov kho thaum ntxov ntawm xyoo 1924, 1928 thiab 1929, thiab yog riam phom ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm 6, 5 hli nrog cua txias thiab ib nrab tsis pub muaj cua nkag. Xyoo 1930 tshuab rab phom yeej tsis suav tias yog riam phom zoo, txij li cov cuab yeej siv roj nplua nyeem tau tsim rau hauv nws los pab tshem tawm lub tes tsho. Cov roj tau ntws mus rau hauv daim cartridges, tab sis tib lub sijhawm nws tau hlawv hauv chav thiab nyiam cov av thiab hmoov av rau nws tus kheej, uas ua rau muaj kuab paug, thiab, vim li ntawd, lub tshuab rab phom zoo li muaj lub sijhawm ncua thaum tua. Qhov hnyav ntawm Breda tshuab rab phom ntawm 1930 tus qauv yog 10, 24 kg, uas yog, ntau dua li Bran los ntawm ib phaus. Ntev - 1, 232 m, qhov ntev ntawm rab phom - 0, 52 m. Cov cartridges tau pub los ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm tseem ceeb, cov cuab yeej uas tau tsim los ntawm 20 daim ntawv them nyiaj. Tus nqi hluav taws - 450-500 puag ncig ib feeb. Cov mos txwv mos txwv tshaj tawm - 629 m / sec. Ntawd yog, nws cov khoom siv mos txwv tsis ua tiav, thiab cov mos txwv nrawm dua, thiab nws hnyav dua thiab … "qias neeg". Tab sis qhov ntawd tsis yog txhua yam. Cov neeg tsim qauv sau tseg tias sab nrauv ntawm lub tshuab rab phom no suav nrog cov coj ua tau zoo thiab cov ces kaum, vim tias lawv txhua tus tau txuas rau ntawm cov nqaj thiab cov mos txwv. Lub thoob tau hloov pauv, tab sis tus kov tsis nyob ntawm nws, thiab nws yuav tsum tau hloov pauv hauv hnab looj tes asbestos. Thiab thaum kawg, cov zaub mov coj txawv txawv. Coj txawv txawv nyob rau hauv uas lub plhaub ntawm siv cov mos txwv tau poob dua qhov twg? Yog, txhua yam zoo ib yam - hauv cov ntawv xov xwm tseem ceeb rau cov yeeb yaj kiab. Txhawm rau them tus "tais" no, lub tes tsho yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm ua ntej. Feem ntau, … Cov neeg tsim qauv Italis tuaj txog tsis yog rab phom tshuab, tab sis … "qee yam".
Tsis zoo li cov neeg tsim qauv Italian uas ua haujlwm hauv tsev, cov neeg German tau nyuaj heev nyob rau xyoo 1920. Lawv yuav tsum ntiab tawm ntau tus kws siv phom los ntawm lub tebchaws kom nyob ib puag ncig qhov kev txwv ntawm Cov Lus Cog Tseg ntawm Versailles. Yog li, lub tuam txhab Rheinmetall-Borzig pib ua haujlwm hauv Switzerland hauv qab npog ntawm Solothurn lub tuam txhab. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ua haujlwm yog rab phom tshuab "Solothurn" -1930, tseem hu ua MG15.
Ntawm cov kev hloov pauv tshiab uas siv hauv qhov riam phom no yog rab phom tshem tawm sai, "ua haujlwm ncaj" ntawm cov txheej txheem txhawm rau nce tus nqi hluav taws thiab qhov txawv txav ntawm qhov ua rau. Thaum nias ntawm nws sab saud, txhaj ib zaug. Thaum nias rau sab qis, kev tua hluav taws tsis siv neeg tau ua tiav. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm qhov paub me ntsis tab sis muaj riam phom zoo, tso tawm hauv 5,000 pawg rau cov tub rog ntawm Hungary thiab Austria, tom qab MG30 raug tso tseg hauv tebchaws Yelemes, muaj raws li hauv qab no: hnyav - 7, 7 kg, ntev - 1,174 m, chim ntev-0, 596 m. Cov cartridges tau pub los ntawm 25-puag ncig (hauv Wikipedia, rau qee qhov laj thawj, 30-puag ncig) lub thawv ntawv xov xwm tso rau sab laug. Tus nqi hluav taws - 800 ncig ib feeb. Cov mos txwv mos txwv ceev - 760 meters ib feeb. Cartridges 8 × 56R. Raws li rab phom tshuab no, Rheinmetall tau tsim MG15 lub dav hlau phom tshuab thiab ib rab phom tshuab rau hauv av - MG34. Tab sis MG34 nws tus kheej tau siv thev naus laus zis qis uas "Bran", hauv kev sib piv, zoo li yog tus qauv ntawm kev ua tau zoo tshaj plaws. Siv nws ua riam phom ntawm kev ua tsov rog zoo li plowing teb hauv Mercedes. Tom qab ntawd MG42 tau yug los ntawm nws lub hauv paus - thev naus laus zis, thwj cim, yooj yim thiab txhua yam jazz, tab sis koj tsis tuaj yeem sib piv nws nrog "bran", zoo li MG34. "German" - rab phom tshuab ib leeg, "Askiv" - phau ntawv qhia.
MG30, Tsev khaws puav pheej Tsov rog Salzburg, Austria.
Nco tseg tias ib ntawm thawj lub tshuab rab phom ntawm Thawj Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb yog Hotchkiss tshuab rab phom ntawm xyoo 1909 tus qauv, tseem hu ua Bene-Merce tshuab rab phom, tsim hauv Fab Kis thiab siv los ntawm cov tub rog Askiv thiab Asmeskas. Nws kuj tau koom nrog thawj qhov kev sib tw tsim nyog rau rab phom tshuab zoo tshaj plaws rau pab tub rog Askiv, tab sis tsis dhau. Nws yog riam phom tsis muaj txiaj ntsig uas siv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cov pa roj nkev, thiab nws tau tsim rau ntau yam cartridges, feem ntau yog rau Fabkis 8-mm cartridge thiab rau Askiv-7, 7-mm. Los ntawm txoj kev, vim li cas tsis dhau. Ib qho laj thawj yog tias tib cov yeeb yaj kiab tau siv rau lub hwj chim muab rau nruab nrab Hotchkiss tshuab rab phom. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv qhov no, qhov clip tau ntxig los ntawm lwm sab, uas ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau lub zog fais fab uas twb muaj lawm. Qhov hnyav ntawm rab phom tshuab yog 11, 7 kg, ntev - 1, 2 m, chim ntev - 0, 6 m. Cov hlau clip tau tsim rau 30 puag ncig. Tus nqi hluav taws - 500 ncig ib feeb. Cov mos txwv mos txwv tshaj tawm - 740 m / sec.
Cov tub rog Askiv nyob nrog cov tub rog Bene-Merse.
Fab Kis tshiab "nres tes" lossis "Tsis siv neeg phom ntev. 1924 "(Fusil Mitrailleur qauv xyoo 1924) muaj peev xwm 7.5 hli. Tab sis … ob lub tshuab rab phom tshiab thiab daim cartridge tshiab, raws li nws tau muab tawm, muaj ntau qhov tsis raug, uas thaum kawg ua rau muaj qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo li lub thoob tawg. Lawv maj nroos los daws qhov teeb meem zoo li no: lub zog ntawm daim cartridge tau raug txo, thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm rab phom tshuab tau ntxiv dag zog. Tus qauv tshiab no muaj npe "Tsis siv neeg phom ntev tuaj. Xyoo 1924/29. Kuj tseem muaj nws qhov kev hloov kho - "Machine gun mod. 1931 ", tshwj xeeb rau kev siv ntawm kab Maginot, tab sis tom qab ntawd cov qauv no tau siv ob qho tib si ua lub tank thiab tseem siv rau hauv cov tsheb tiv thaiv. Cov qauv no tau nthuav tawm lub ntsej muag qub thiab lub hauv paus loj ntawm cov ntawv xov xwm rau 150 ncig. Qhov hnyav thiab ntev ntawm rab phom tshuab tau nce, tab sis qhov no tsis yog teeb meem rau cov cuab yeej siv tub rog. Rab phom tshuab mod. Xyoo 1931 tau tsim tawm hauv cov pawg loj. Ob lub tshuab phom tau tsim tom qab ua tsov rog, tab sis lawv tsis pom muaj neeg nyiam coob hauv ntiaj teb. Piv txwv li, lub thoob ntawm lub tshuab rab phom no tau ua kom sov ntau dua tom qab 150 teev, thiab hloov nws yog qhov teeb meem tag nrho. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws vibrated heev thaum tua.
"Tsis siv neeg phom ntev. Xyoo 1924 ".
Lub tshuab rab phom no tau tsim los raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev tshem tawm roj, cua txias kuj yog huab cua. Nruab nrog folding bipod, tuav rab phom nyob tom qab lub ntsuas, thiab ob qho ua rau ib zaug. Pem hauv ntej tau tsim los rau hluav taws ib zaug, sab nraub qaum rau kev siv lub tshuab tsis siv neeg. Qauv tshuab rab phom 1924/1929 luj 8, 93kg. Lub tshuab rab phom ntev - 1 m, rab phom ntev - 0.5 m. Cov mos txwv tau pub los ntawm 25 -puag ncig cov ntawv xov xwm tshem tawm tau muab tso rau saum. Tus nqi hluav taws - 450 thiab 600 puag ncig ib feeb. Cov mos txwv mos txwv tshaj tawm - 820 m / sec.
Tsis siv neeg phom / teeb tshuab rab phom BAR.
Raws li rau Asmeskas, muaj qhov txaus nyiam heev tau tshwm sim rau lawv. Xyoo 1917, tus nto moo J. Mauxes Browning tau tsim riam phom, yog tus tswv ntawm cov kws tshaj lij sib cav txog niaj hnub no - BAR tsis siv phom loj. Cov phom tam sim mus rau pab tub rog, tau siv los ntawm Asmeskas cov tub rog nyob hauv Europe thiab … tau txais ntau qhov kev tshuaj xyuas zoo. Tab sis … tib lub sijhawm nws hnyav 8, 8 kg, thiab muaj ntawv xov xwm rau tsuas yog 20 rab phom phom. Tsuas yog xyoo 1937, nws qhov kev hloov kho tau tshwm sim nrog M1918A1 bipod, thiab tom qab ntawd A2, thiab nws tau dhau los ua siv rab phom tshuab lub teeb. Ob tus qauv tau nquag siv hauv Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum II, thiab tso cov phom ntev ua ntej tau muab rau Askiv los ntawm cov tub rog hauv cheeb tsam. Ntxiv mus, nws tau nquag siv hauv Kaus Lim Kauslim, thiab nws ib txwm nyiam ntawm cov tub rog. Thiab nws tseem ua haujlwm nrog Asmeskas Cov Tub Rog kom txog thaum xyoo 1957. Tsuas yog tam sim no nws pom tseeb tias muab piv rau nws nrog "Bran" tsis yooj yim. Qhov no tseem tsis yog rab phom tshuab lub teeb "ntshiab", tab sis qee yam nruab nrab ntawm nws thiab "tsuas yog" rab phom tsis siv neeg.
Viet Cong nrog BAR.
Cov neeg Nyij Pooj tau theej Hotchkiss rab phom tshuab thiab Czech VZ 26, ua ke lawv ua ib qho. Nov yog qhov "Hom 11" (caliber 6, 5-mm), tau saws rau kev pabcuam xyoo 1922, thiab "Hom 96", tau saws hauv xyoo 1936, kuj tau tshwm sim. Ob qho no yog kev tsim General Kijiro Nambu. Thawj qhov hnyav 10, 2 kg - zoo ib yam li "Bran", qhov thib ob yog sib dua - 9, 2 kg. Thiab, zoo, lawv yuav tau theej txhua yam "ib leeg rau ib leeg." Rau qee qhov laj thawj, "Hom 11" tau nruab nrog lub roj teeb tsis txawv txav, siv los ntawm tsib rab phom phom. Tias yog vim li cas "Hom 11" tau hloov pauv los ntawm "Hom 96", tab sis … txawm hais tias tam sim no nws muaj cov ntawv xov xwm nrog cov txheej txheem sab saud sab saud, thiab tus tuav tau txuas rau hauv lub thoob, qhov riam phom tig los ua cov cuab yeej siv qis dua li ntawm Askiv thiab German MG34. Txhua ntu tau tsim los ntawm cov tshuab txiav hlau, thiab cov hlau pov tseg rau hauv cov plaub hau tsuas yog ploj mus. Piv txwv li, ntawm lub tshuab dhos, fins ntawm txoj kab uas hla sib txawv tau ntse rau ntawm lub thoob. Nws kuj tseem tsis tau paub meej tias vim li cas Kijiro Nambu tau teeb tsa lub ntsej muag bayonet rau ntawm Hom 96. Xws li yog "rab phom tshuab rab phom" muab tawm, txawm li cas los vim li cas rab phom tshuab hnyav 9 kg bayonet?
Phom phom "Hom 11".
Lub tshuab rab phom "Hom 99" (zoo ib yam "Hom 96", tab sis nce lub peev xwm).
Zoo, tam sim no, tej zaum, tej zaum qhov ntxim nyiam tshaj plaws - "Askiv" tawm tsam "Askiv". Qhov no txhais li cas? Thiab ntawm no yog dab tsi: "Bren" muaj ntau li ob qhov sib piv, uas, txawm li cas los xij, tsis paub zoo li nws yog. Thawj zaug yog rab phom tshuab Besal, uas tau tsim los ntawm lub caj npab me me hauv Birmingham yog tias lub dav hlau German foob pob rau lub Hoobkas hauv Enfield! Sab nraud, lawv tau zoo ib yam, tsuas yog lub nyem nyem yog lub tog raj kheej thiab tsim nws tus kheej tau yooj yim dua.
Ua phem rau British Sasovites hauv lub jeep nrog Vickers-Berthier rab phom tshuab.
Qhov piv txwv thib ob txawm tawm tsam. Tsis paub zoo li "Bran," tab sis. Peb tab tom tham txog Vickers-Berthier rab phom tshuab, uas tau tsim los ntawm Vickers lub tuam txhab ntawm Cresford cog. Nws tau txais yuav … cov tub rog Khab, thiab tom qab ntawd Isdias Asmesliskas lawv tus kheej pib tsim nws hauv Ishapur. Ib zaug ntxiv, sab nrauv nws zoo ib yam li "Bren", tab sis tsis muaj qhov thim rov qab ntawm lub thoob thiab lub txais, yog li cov yeeb nkab roj nws tsuas yog … yeeb nkab. Lub khw zoo ib yam li Branovsky. Vim li cas los xij, rab phom tshuab no hauv tebchaws Askiv tau pib tsim rau Air Force thiab muab lub dav hlau "me me" los tiv thaiv tus kheej. Ntxiv mus, lawv tau ua haujlwm hauv kev tsav dav hlau txog ntua xyoo 1945 - lawv tau teeb tsa hauv lub cockpit ntawm tus xub ntawm Swordfish aircraft. Cov nplaim taws los ntawm cov phom tshuab no tau teeb tsa ntawm jeeps ntawm SAS - Cov Tub Rog Tshwj Xeeb hauv North Africa, thaum cov ntawv xov xwm tau muab tso rau ntawm lawv. Zoo, tag nrho cov tub rog Khab tau ua tsov rog nrog Vickers-Berthier rab phom tshuab. Qhov hnyav ntawm rab phom tshuab yog 11.1 kg. Tus nqi tua hluav taws 400 - 600 puag ncig ib feeb. Vickers GO lub dav hlau version muaj 1000! Yog li, yog "Bran" tsis ua tiav, Askiv yuav muaj qee yam los hloov nws thaum twg los tau.
Vickers-Berthier Mk III.
Thiab, thaum kawg, peb DP-27. Nws ua haujlwm los ntawm V. A. Degtyarev pib rov qab rau xyoo 1921. Txhua tus neeg uas sau txog nws, txawm tias ua lus Askiv, txawm tias ua lus Polish thiab Czech, sau tseg tias nws yooj yim thiab siv thev naus laus zis siab dua: tawm ntawm 65 ntu, tsuas yog rau rau hauv nws! Lub tshuab rab phom muaj tus nqi hluav taws ntawm 520 - 580 rds / min, thaum kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm hluav taws yog 80 rds / min. Thawj qhov ceev ntawm lub mos txwv kuj siab - 845 m / s. Ib tus kws sau ntawv Askiv zoo li Chris Shant sau tseg qhov ua tau zoo ntawm DP-27 cov ntawv xov xwm tiaj tiaj. Nws tshem tawm cov khoom noj ob npaug ntawm cov phom phom phom tsis yooj yim thiab, ntxiv rau, tuav 47 puag ncig! Ib qho ntxiv, nws pheej yig rau kev tsim khoom, ruaj khov heev, "tub rog tiv taus" thiab muaj peev xwm tswj hwm nws cov kev sib ntaus zoo hauv qab qhov xwm txheej tsis zoo tshaj plaws! Cov yam ntxwv zoo, tsis yog nws?
DP-27.
Dab tsi yog suav tias yog qhov ua tsis tiav loj? Hloov cov phom ncaj qha hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua nyuaj heev: koj xav tau tus yuam sij tshwj xeeb thiab tiv thaiv koj txhais tes los ntawm kev kub nyhiab. Rau qee qhov laj thawj, tus tsim qauv tso lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav rov qab los rau hauv lub thoob, thiab los ntawm qhov hluav taws kub heev nws ua kom sov thiab poob nws qhov kev ywj pheej, uas yog ib qho ntawm ob peb qhov tsis zoo ntawm DP tshuab rab phom, tab sis, txawm li cas los xij, qhov teeb meem tseem ceeb. Thaum kawg, qhov tsis yooj yim ntawm kev tswj cov riam phom thiab tsuas yog siv hluav taws xwb.
Khw los ntawm DP -27 - "phaj" tseem zoo ib yam …
Yog li ntawd, rab phom tshuab tau hloov kho tshiab xyoo 1944. Lawv tau teeb tsa rab yaj phom, txav lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav mus rau hauv lub raj uas nthuav tawm los tom qab ntawm tus txais, hloov lub bipod mount (lawv feem ntau poob lawv ua ntej) thiab ua kom yooj yim dua hloov lub thoob. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tsis zoo kawg yog qhov hnyav, lub tshuab rab phom khaws cia. DP-27 muaj 11.9 kg (nrog ntawv xov xwm), thiab DPM-44 muaj 12.9 kg. Zoo, qhov xaus yog cov hauv qab no. Thaum Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum Ob, muaj … ob rab phom tshuab rab phom zoo kawg nkaus, txhua yam uas tau ua tiav ib leeg zuj zus. "Cov tub rog rab phom tshuab" DP -27 thiab "txiv neej rab phom tshuab" - "Bran". Qhov twg yog qhov zoo dua tau txiav txim siab tsis yog los ntawm lawv tus yam ntxwv ua tau zoo, tab sis los ntawm kev xav ntawm cov uas tau siv lawv.
