Auj, Sab Hnub Poob yog Sab Hnub Poob, Sab Hnub Tuaj Sab Hnub Tuaj, thiab lawv yuav tsis tawm ntawm lawv qhov chaw mus, Txog thaum Saum Ntuj Ceeb Tsheej thiab Lub Ntiaj Teb tshwm sim ntawm Tus Tswv Txaus ntshai kawg.
Tab sis tsis muaj Sab Hnub Tuaj, thiab tsis muaj Sab Hnub Poob, uas yog pawg neeg, teb chaws, haiv neeg, Yog hais tias tus muaj zog nrog lub zog sawv ntsej muag tim ntsej tim muag ntawm ntug ntiaj teb."
(R. Kipling. Ballad txog Sab Hnub Poob thiab Sab Hnub Tuaj. Txhais los ntawm E. Polonskaya)
Cov lus nug ntawm qhov twg thawj tus tub rog tau tshwm sim (feem ntau nrog qee yam riam phom, kab lis kev cai, cim, cim) ib txwm nyob hauv lub siab ntawm cov kws tshwj xeeb hauv thaj tsam ntawm riam phom. Thiab, tiag tiag - nyob qhov twg? Hauv tebchaws Askiv, qhov uas lawv tau piav qhia rau ntawm "Bayesian canvas", hauv Charlemagne's Fab Kis, qhov uas lawv tau piav qhia hauv kev hu nkauj los ntawm St. Galen, txawm lawv yog Yarls ntawm Scandinavia, lossis cov no yog Roman, lossis theej, Sarmatian cataphracts, ntiav los ntawm tib Loos los ua haujlwm hauv tebchaws Askiv. Los yog tej zaum lawv tau tshwm sim nyob rau Sab Hnub Tuaj, qhov uas twb muaj lawm hauv 620 tus neeg caij tsheb tau hnav cov saw hlau tiv thaiv kab ntawv los ntawm lub taub hau mus rau ntiv taw [Robinson R. Armor ntawm cov neeg ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj. Keeb kwm ntawm kev tiv thaiv riam phom. Moscow: 2006, ib. 34.] ib.
Kev sib ntaus sib tua thiab ntawv los ntawm "Shahnameh" los ntawm Ferdowsi, thaum pib xyoo pua 17th. Is Nrias teb, Delhi. Ua tib zoo saib rau daim pam nees thiab qhov tseeb tias cov cuab yeej ntawm cov neeg caij tsheb tau muab zais hauv qab cov khaub ncaws. (Los Angeles Regional Museum of Art)
Hauv Central Asian Penjikent, cov duab puab tau muaj txoj sia nyob, uas qhia cov tub rog hauv cov ntawv xa ntawv, uas tau tshwm sim nyob rau sab hnub poob Europe tsuas yog plaub caug xyoo tom qab! Ib qho ntxiv, Sogdians, cov neeg nyob hauv kev cuam tshuam ntawm Amu Darya thiab Syr Darya, twb nyob rau xyoo pua 10 tau siv ntau hom lamellar zoo li, ib qho twg, vim qhov loj ntawm nws cov phaj, tau hu ua "xib teg dav" [Nicolle D. Cov tub ntawm Attila (Central Asian cov tub rog, 6th rau 7th centuries AD) // Cov tub rog piv txwv №86. R. 30-31].
Horsemen, uas tawm tsam hauv cov cuab yeej npog nrog cov hlau hlau, muaj nyob hauv cov xeev ntawm cov neeg muaj zog Arab Caliphate nyob rau tiam 9th-11th centuries. Cov kws sau paj huam tsis khaws cov ntawv piav qhia, piav qhia cov cuab yeej ntawm cov tub rog no tias "suav nrog ntau daim iav", thiab cov keeb kwm keeb kwm Asmeskas tseem hais ntxiv tias lawv cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv zoo li "zoo li Byzantine." Peb muaj lub tswv yim ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub hauv paus ntawm cov duab qub Lavxias qub qub thiab muaj sia nyob me me los ntawm "Txheeb Xyuas Keeb Kwm" los ntawm John Skilitsa, uas cov neeg caij nees tau pom hnav khaub ncaws hnav ua los ntawm cov hlau ci ci uas siv los ua kom ci ntsa iab. lub hnub [Nicolle D. Cov tub rog ntawm caliphates 862-1098. L.: Osprey (Men-at-arms series No. 320), 1998. P. 15.].
Tej yam me me los ntawm "Txheeb Xyuas Keeb Kwm" los ntawm John Skilitsa. Bulgarians, coj los ntawm Tsar Simeon I, kov yeej Byzantines. Madrid, National Library ntawm Spain.
Peb tuaj yeem hais tias ze thiab Nruab Nrab Sab Hnub Tuaj hauv lub sijhawm txij li xyoo 7 txog rau xyoo pua 11 tuaj yeem khav tau tias lawv cov tub rog muaj ob lub tsho tiv thaiv tiv thaiv ib zaug - saw xa ntawv thiab phaj, uas feem ntau siv ib txhij, txawm li cas los xij, hmoov tsis zoo, qhov no yog cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj tsis zoo. Nov yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev ntxeem tau ntawm no, ua ntej los ntawm Turkish, thiab tom qab ntawd los ntawm Mongol tus kov yeej, yog kom liam.
Cov khoom cuav nto moo tshaj plaws uas piav txog tus neeg caij tsheb hauv cov cuab yeej yog ib feem ntawm cov ntaub thaiv ntoo uas nrhiav pom hauv Mug fortress ze Samarkand. Ntxiv mus, nws tuaj yeem raug ntaus nqi rau XIII xyoo pua. Ntawm nws peb pom cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv, sawv cev rau qee yam zoo li lub tsho ntev ntev, uas muaj lub xub pwg pluaj thiab lub caj dab nyob rau hauv bracers nruj nreem haum rau nws, txawm hais tias ob txhais tes tau qhib [Robinson R. Armor … p. 36]. Rashid ad-Din's History of the World, uas tau sau thiab qhia hauv Tabriz hauv 1306-1312, kuj tseem tuaj yeem suav nrog tus lej ntawm cov peev txheej tseem ceeb.
Ntawm nws qhov me me, peb rov pom cov tub rog hnav ris tsho ntev ua los ntawm cov nplai hlau nrog cov xim sib txawv, tau txais los ntawm kev hloov pauv cov phaj uas muaj npe thiab cov tawv tawv lacquered. Cov kaus mom hlau muaj cov yam ntxwv sib npaug saum cov duab nrog lub hauv paus, thaum lawv cov plaub hau feem ntau ntxiv nrog cov phaj hlau. Lub nazatnik muaj nyob hauv peb hom: tawv, saw xa ntawv thiab quilted, thiab nws poob rau ntawm cov saw xa ntawv. Hauv Nruab Nrab thiab Sab Qab Teb Persia, raws li R. Robinson ntseeg, xa cov cuab yeej ua rog yog qhov tseem ceeb.
Persian mace ntawm lub xyoo pua 16th. (Metropolitan Tsev khaws puav pheej, New York)
Cov tub rog los ntawm Persia tau muaj daim ntawv pov thawj zoo li kev tiv thaiv zoo li lub tsho xa xov, hu ua zarikh-bektash, tab sis ntxiv rau nws, lawv tuaj yeem hnav cov cuab yeej ua los ntawm cov phaj hlau, npog nrog velvet saum toj. Qhov tseeb, nws yog daim ntawv theej ntawm European brigandine, tab sis nyob rau hauv ib qho kev coj zoo [Wise T. Medieval European Armies. Oxford, 1975. P. 28.], Xov. Nws yog kev coj ua los tiv thaiv nees nrog pam ntawm cov ntaub paj rwb quilted [Robinson R. Armor… p. 37].
Ntawm cov ntawv me me rov qab mus rau XIV xyoo pua, cov tub rog tseem hnav cov ris tsho hnav, cov kaus mom hlau ntawm cov qauv yooj yim - qis, sib npaug lossis conical, thiab muaj cov saw xa khoom aventails. Qee lub kaus mom hlau muaj pob ntseg. Plume tsis meej pem, tab sis muaj qee qhov spikes ntawm lub kaus mom hlau.
Twb nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm 14th - pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 15th, tubular bracers ntawm ob daim hlau, uas sib sau ua ke rau lub dab teg nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm lub khob hliav qab, tau kis mus rau sab hnub tuaj. Ob txhais ceg tau npog nrog lub hauv caug ntaub qhwv, uas tau txuas ncaj qha rau cov saw xa ntawv, lossis lawv tau xaws rau hauv cov ntaub ntaub uas tiv thaiv tus ncej puab. Cov neeg caij tsheb tau khau rau ntawm lawv ko taw, thiab rov ua dua, leggings ua los ntawm ob daim phiaj nkhaus txuas rau ib leeg ntawm pob khawm tau muab tso rau ntawm lub puab tsaig thiab tus menyuam, uas tau pom meej hauv ntau qhov me me uas tau rov qab mus rau thawj peb ntawm xyoo pua 15th [Wise T. Medieval European Cov Tub Rog / С. 38-39].
Persian "bull -head mace" ntawm lub xyoo pua puv 19. (Ntev 82.4 cm). (Metropolitan Tsev khaws puav pheej, New York). Tus hero Rustam sib ntaus nrog tus mace zoo sib xws hauv Ferdowsi zaj paj huam.
Nco ntsoov tias cov kws sau keeb kwm Askiv feem ntau siv cov haujlwm zoo li Shahnameh paj huam los ntawm Ferdowsi ua qhov chaw. Nws paub tias nws tau sau thaum kawg ntawm 10th - pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 11th [Nws ntseeg tias Ferdowsi ua tiav nws cov paj huam thawj zaug hauv 994, tab sis qhov thib ob tau ua tiav hauv 1010.] Peb yuav ua raws lawv tus yam ntxwv thiab nyeem ob peb qhov kev txiav tawm los ntawm nws.
Rustam hais tias: “Tau kuv rab ntaj damask.
Lub kaus mom hlau sib ntaus thiab tag nrho kuv cov cuab yeej ua rog;
Arcanum thiab hneev; saw xa rau nees;
Ib daim tawv nqaij tawv caftan rau kuv …
Nws hnav nws lub xub pwg nyom nrog saw hlau ntawm cov hlau, Nws muab tso rau hauv ris tsho hnav, nqa riam phom ntawm qhov swb …
Thiab nws galloped rau hauv steppe, ci nrog daim ntaub thaiv, Ua si nrog nws lub club hnyav.
(Txhais los ntawm V. Derzhavin)
Ntawd yog, yog tias peb coj mus rau hauv tus account tias Ferdowsi tau piav qhia qhov nws pom, tom qab ntawd tsis yog Rustam hnav cov saw xa ntawv, tab sis daim pam ntawm nws tus nees Raksha kuj tau ua los ntawm cov saw xa ntawv. Cov paj huam qhia txog nws zoo li no:
Muaj nees nyob ntawm xub ntiag ntawm lub tsev pheeb suab ntaub, Mloog kev ua tsov rog tsis tau npaj tseg.
(Txhais los ntawm S. Lipkin)
Hauv "Shahnama" nws tau hais ntau zaus (uas rov ua tim khawv tias zaj paj huam tau sau los ntawm tus txiv neej uas paub txog kev ua tub rog zoo heev) tias lub kaus mom hlau tau muab tso rau ntawm lub taub hau ua ntej tus tub rog tau muab tso rau hauv cov saw xa ntawv. Thiab qhov no txhais tau tias Iranian lub kaus mom hlau tau zoo ib yam. Nws yog lawv uas tau hnav ua ntej muab tso rau hauv cov saw xa ntawv, txij li qhov no nws swb hla nws cov hlau du.
Thiab nws tau sawv thiab hnav nws tus kheej rau kev sib ntaus sib tua, Nws hle lub kaus mom kub los ntawm nws lub taub hau, Nws muab lub kaus mom Indian damask hloov pauv, Lub yeej rog loj tau hnav cov tub rog xa ntawv.
Nws nqa nws rab ntaj thiab hmuv thiab nws lub club, Zoo li xob quaj hnyav uas tawm tsam hauv kev sib ntaus.
(Txhais los ntawm V. Derzhavin)
Tus phab ej Rustam hauv zaj paj huam kuj tseem hnav ib daim tawv nqaij ntawm nws daim ntawv xa ntawv; qhov no yog qee qhov coj txawv txawv, tab sis rau tus neeg vwm dab neeg, txhua yam tuaj yeem ua tau. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov mob hlab ntsha tawg no tau lees paub tias nyob rau Sab Hnub Tuaj, cov khaub ncaws nplua nuj tuaj yeem hnav rau ntawm cov cuab yeej.
Rustam hauv daim tawv nqaij tawv caftan cawm Bishwan los ntawm tsev loj cuj. Tej yam me me los ntawm paj huam "Makhname". Iran, Khorasan, 1570 - 1580 (Los Angeles County Museum of Art)
Rustam, hauv brocade los ntawm Rum thiab hauv cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv, Tam sim ntawd nyob ntawm tus nees.
(Txhais los ntawm S. Lipkin)
Nws tau paub tias 1340 Shahnameh cov ntawv sau tau suav nrog ntau yam European thiab Asmeskas sau, tau muab faib ua ntu. Tab sis ntawm nws qhov me me, txawm li cas los xij, lub kaus mom hlau tau pom, nrog aventails, uas zais tag nrho cov ntsej muag ntawm cov tub rog thiab tsuas muaj qhov me me xwb, uas yog, lawv tiv thaiv lub ntsej muag thiab qhov muag los ntawm xub. Hauv Tebchaws Europe Sab Hnub Tuaj, kuj muaj cov kaus mom hlau zoo li no. Lawv kuj tseem pom nyob hauv lub xyoo pua 7 Wendel qhov ntxa tau tshawb pom hauv Sweden.
"Turban kaus mom hlau" ntawm lub xyoo pua 15th. Iran. (Metropolitan Tsev khaws puav pheej, New York)
Hauv cov ntawv sau "Shahnameh" los ntawm Gulistan, tej yam me me uas yog los ntawm Herat lub tsev kawm ntawv thiab tau tsim xyoo 1429, peb pom cov ntsiab lus luv luv li lub xub pwg pluaj hnav hla txoj hlua xa ntawv, thiab qee qhov kuj muaj tus tiv thaiv tib yam nrog rau lub hauv caug.
Iranian saw xa khoom siv phom. (Los Angeles County Museum of Art)
Shahnameh cov ntawv sau, sib tham los ntawm 1440, tau khaws cia hauv cov nyiaj ntawm British Royal Asiatic Society, thiab hauv nws, ntawm qhov me me, aventail yog pom, npog tsuas yog qis dua ntawm lub ntsej muag. Ib zaug ntxiv, cov aventail me me tau siv, npog lub xub pwg nyom. Qee tus tub rog muaj cov cuab yeej zoo ib yam li cov uas tau siv los ntawm cov neeg Loos puag thaum ub thiab Parthians [Robinson R. Armor … p. 40.] - lwm tus tau hnav cov ris tsho ntev ntev, thiab cov ris tsho hnav hauv qab lawv.
Bogatyr Rustam (sab laug) xa tus xub mus rau Isfandiyar qhov muag. Nyob ib ncig ntawm 1560. Ntau tus tub rog muaj lawv ob txhais ceg npog nrog cov saw hlau ua tub rog nrog lub ntsej muag hlau npog rau lub hauv caug. Tej yam me me los ntawm "Shahnameh". Iran, Shiraz. (Los Angeles County Museum of Art)
Ian Heath, yog ib tus kws sau keeb kwm Askiv thiab sau ntau phau ntawv txhais ua lus Lavxias hauv peb lub tebchaws, tau sau tseg tias qee yam Gazan Khan (uas txiav txim los ntawm 1295 txog 1304) tau ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txhim kho riam phom hauv Persia. Hauv qab nws, tus kws tshaj lij phom uas nyob hauv nroog tau pib tau txais nyiaj hli los ntawm lub xeev, tab sis rau qhov no lawv yuav tsum tau muab lawv cov khoom tso rau hauv lub txhab nyiaj shah, uas tso cai rau nws muaj 2,000 txog 10,000 qhov sib txawv ntawm cov cuab yeej siv hauv ib lub xyoo. !
R. Robinson ntseeg hais tias cov ris tsho uas nrov tshaj plaws nyob rau lub sijhawm no yog hu ua huyag - "corset" ua los ntawm cov ntaub nrog cov phaj hlau txuas rau nws. Lawv tuaj yeem pleev xim lossis txawm tias pleev xim. Cov cuab yeej ua rog ntawm Mongolian tus qauv thiab cov cuab yeej ua rog hauv zos, uas yog, Iranian cov ntawv tau siv nyob rau hauv kwv yees tib txoj kev; cov ntaub thaiv npog ntawm cov tub rog tau me me, npog tawv thiab muaj plaub lub ntsej muag sab nrauv; cov ntaub thaiv npog hauv Persia tau tshwm sim nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm XIII xyoo pua thiab tau siv txawm tias txog thaum kawg ntawm XIX [Robinson R. Armor … S. 40.].
Hauv USSR, raws li kev ua haujlwm "Shahnameh" xyoo 1971, ntawm Tajikfilm zaj duab xis studio, zaj yeeb yaj kiab zoo heev "Zaj Dab Neeg ntawm Rustam" raug tua, nrog rau nws cov yeeb yaj kiab "Rustam thiab Suhrab". Tom qab ntawd xyoo 1976 peb ntu yuav raug tso tawm: "Cov Dab Neeg ntawm Siyavush". Cov khaub ncaws ntawm tus phab ej yog keeb kwm zoo heev, txawm hais tias lawv muaj ntau yam kev xav tsis meej kiag li. Nov yog tus phab ej ntawm zaj yeeb yaj kiab, Rustam. Ib tus phab ej tiag tiag, siab tawv, ncaj ncees thiab tsis paub cai … Kuv hnov qab tias tus nplaig ua txhaum raug txiav nrog lub taub hau! Zoo, nws puas tuaj yeem nyob hauv Shah lub tsev hais lus li no: "Kuv lub zwm txwv yog lub eeb, kuv lub kaus mom yog lub kaus mom hlau, kuv lub yeeb koob ntawm daim teb / Shah Kavus yog dab tsi? Tag nrho lub ntiaj teb yog kuv lub zog. " Nws yog qhov tseeb tias qhov no tau tshaj tawm tam sim rau tom kawg thiab nws tau xa tus phab ej mus rau ciam teb deb.
Nws yog qhov tseem ceeb uas nyob rau hauv qhov me me ntawm kev pib ntawm lub xyoo pua 15th, kwv yees li ib nrab ntawm cov neeg caij nees Persian tau caij nees nrog cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv. Feem ntau, cov no yog daim pam uas ua los ntawm "cov ntaub lo lo lo lo ntxhuav", thiab twb paub lawm (txiav txim los ntawm tej yam me me) twb muaj nyob rau xyoo 1420 lawm. Tab sis lawv yog leej twg? Tom qab tag nrho, lawv tau muag thiab yuav, sib pauv thiab ntes hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov khoom plig. Feem ntau, lawv tuaj yeem "taug kev" thoob plaws tebchaws Muslim Sab Hnub Tuaj! Tsis tas li ntawd, hauv Turkish cov tub rog caij nkoj ntawm Sipahi, tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg caij tsheb uas muaj nees nyob hauv daim pam tau ntsib hauv kev faib ua feem ntawm ib tus neeg caij "nees" lub plhaub rau 50 - 60 tus neeg caij ntawm "nees tsis muaj tub rog!" [Heath I. Armies … Vol. 2 ZPO 180.]
Bahram hmo nres. Tej yam me me los ntawm paj huam "Shahnameh" 1560 Iran, Shiraz.(Los Angeles County Museum of Art)
Tag nrho cov no qhia tias cov tub rog ntawm Sab Hnub Poob tau ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam txawv teb chaws. Kev txiav txim los ntawm cov paj huam "Shahnameh", txawm tias cov lus dab neeg ntawm cov tub rog -pahlavans - tus phab ej ntawm lub sijhawm ua ntej Muslim - nrhiav riam phom rau lawv tus kheej hauv ntau txoj hauv kev thiab tsis txiav txim siab nws ua tsis ncaj rau muab cov cuab yeej ua rog ntawm cov yeeb ncuab thiab siv nws cov riam phom. Peb niaj hnub hla cov lus xws li "Rumian lub kaus mom hlau", uas yog, "los ntawm Rum" - Rome, peb tab tom tham txog ntaj los ntawm Is Nrias teb thiab Rum tib yam. Ntawd yog, Byzantine riam phom, pom, thaum lub sijhawm Ferdowsi hauv Iran, tau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo. Yog li twb tau nyob hauv cov xyoo ntawd, txawm tias muaj kev ua tsov rog tas mus li, muaj kev lag luam sib zog siv riam phom nruab nrab ntawm cov tebchaws ntawm Sab Hnub Tuaj, uas ua rau cov tub rog ntawm cov tebchaws no saib, sib sau ua ke hauv tshav rog, zoo li cov kwv tij.
Ntawm no nws yog, tus tsis muaj nuj nqis thiab siab tawv Shah Kavus, khib Rustam lub yeeb koob. Nws hais tias, txawm li cas los xij, cov lus ntse: "Tom qab tag nrho, kev txawj ntse puag thaum ub tsis hais tias tsis muaj dab tsi - nws yog shah tua, lossis nws tus kheej raug tua!"
Ntxiv mus, nws nyob ntawm no, nyob rau Sab Hnub Tuaj, tias cov riam phom tiv thaiv muaj keeb kwm qub heev. Yog li, cov cuab yeej ua los ntawm tawv, nrog lub tshuab xaws lossis cov nplai hlau, tau siv hauv Is Nrias teb ntev ua ntej pom ntawm Mongols thiab Arabs ntawm nws thaj av. Tib yam tuaj yeem hais txog cov cuab yeej cuab tam nees, uas tau tshwm sim ntev dhau los hauv Suav teb, tom qab ntawd Iran, hauv tebchaws Arab thiab hauv Byzantium, uas yog, thaum cov neeg Europe tsis tau npau suav tias muaj lawv.
Thiab ntawm no yog qhov me me los ntawm Bukhara cov ntawv ntawm 1615. Nws piav txog Tsar Zahkhok nrog nws ob tug ntxhais thiab … nab tawm ntawm nws lub xub pwg - ib zaj dab neeg los ntawm "Shahnameh", uas tau tsim lub hauv paus ntawm Soviet zaj duab xis "Tus chij ntawm cov kws hlau" (ua yeeb yaj kiab ntawm Tajikfilm zaj duab xis studio xyoo 1961). (Los Angeles County Museum of Art)
Nws hloov tawm tias lub tsev ntawm kev sib tw hauv Asia nws tus kheej muaj keeb kwm yav dhau los ntau dua li hauv Europe. Qhov kev xaus no pom nws qhov kev xav pom tseeb txawm tias nyob hauv daim ntawv tshaj tawm. Yog li, hauv Sassanid xeev, tus tswv feudal, tau txais cov noob qoob noob qoob, tau txais txoj cai hnav nws lub tsho tiv no. Cov kws sau keeb kwm keeb kwm Kebeh Farrukh, piv txwv li, sau tseg tias cov cim ntawm cov neeg muaj koob npe hauv tebchaws Persian tau tshwm sim ntev ua ntej pom cov tsho loj ntawm caj npab hauv Europe. Ntawm cov neeg tshaj tawm cov npe uas muaj los ntawm nws muaj, piv txwv li, cov tsiaj xws li mos lwj, tsov ntxhuav, npua teb, nees, ntxhw thiab Semurg noog, cov khoom xws li trident thiab txawm tias cov duab ntawm tib neeg. Farrukh kuj tseem hais txog cov ntawv sau los ntawm "Shahnameh", qhov twg piav qhia cov duab ntawm cov chij ntawm Iranian cov tub rog caij nees, thiab qhov no tsuas yog qhov nws ua haujlwm tsis txawv ntawm cov duab thiab cov cim ntawm cov chij ntawm cov tub rog nyob sab hnub poob Europe. ! [Cm ib. xav paub ntau ntxiv: Farrokh K. Sassanian Elite cavalry 224-642 AD. Oxford Osprey (Cov neeg tseem ceeb series # 110), 2005.] Thiab ntawm no txhua tus tub rog, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tias nws yog tus coj ib pawg, nws muaj nws tus chij, uas adorns cov duab piv txwv:
Tukhar teb tias: Au tus tswv, Koj pom tus thawj coj ntawm pab pawg
Swift Tusa tus thawj coj, Leej twg tawm tsam kom tuag hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua.
Ib me ntsis ntxiv - lwm daim chij tau hlawv nrog hluav taws, Thiab lub hnub yog pleev xim rau nws.
Qab nws Gustakhm, thiab cov tub rog pom, Thiab tus chij nrog cov duab ntawm lub hli.
Cov tub rog nws coj cov tub rog, Tus hma tau kos rau ntawm tus chij ntev.
Tus qhev yog lub teeb zoo li lub hlaws, Nws cov plaub hau braid zoo li cob
Kos zoo nkauj ntawm tus chij.
Ntawd yog daim npav tub rog ntawm Bijan, tus tub ntawm Gibe.
Saib, muaj tus tsov txaij lub taub hau ntawm tus chij, Dab tsi ua rau tsov ntxhuav tshee hnyo.
Ntawd yog tus chij ntawm Shidush, tus tub rog-neeg zoo, Dab tsi taug kev zoo li lub roob roob.
Nov yog Guraza, hauv nws txhais tes yog lasso, Tus chij piav txog tus npua teb.
Nov yog cov neeg muaj lub siab tawv dhia, Nrog cov duab ntawm twm ntawm tus chij.
Cov pab pawg muaj spearmen.
Lawv tus thawj coj yog Farhad siab tawv.
Thiab ntawm no yog Gudarz, Kishwada, tus tub plaub hau daj, Ntawm tus chij - tus tsov ntxhuav ci ntsa iab kub.
Tab sis ntawm tus chij yog tus Tsov uas zoo li tsis zoo, Rivkiz tus tub rog yog tus kav lub chij.
Nastuh, tus tub ntawm Gudarza, nkag mus rau hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua
Nrog tus chij qhov twg tus nquab tau kos.
Bahram, tus tub ntawm Gudarza, sib ntaus sib tua, Piav tus chij ntawm nws cov argali.
(Txhais los ntawm S. Lipkin)
Rustam-papa tua Sukhrab-son-cov phiaj xwm ntawm ntau tus dab neeg zoo, dab neeg thiab dab neeg. Muin Musavvir. Kev tuag ntawm Surkhab. "Shahnameh" 1649 (Tsev khaws puav pheej Askiv, London)
Nyob rau sab hnub tuaj, yuav luag yog daim ntawv qub tshaj plaws ntawm cov cuab yeej tiv thaiv kuj tseem hnav dua cov saw xa ntawv - lub mis thiab lub dorsal disk -daim iav - uas yog, lub voj voos hlau yooj yim, feem ntau nrog cov nplais corrugated, txuas nrog tawv tawv, hla tus tub rog lub qab. Piv txwv li, hauv Is Nrias teb lawv tau hnav rau ntawm cov ris tsho hnav, rov ua dua nrog cov phaj hlau. Tab sis ntawm qhov me me "Shahnameh" los ntawm Gulistan, cov discs no tau pom ntawm cov tub rog lub hauv siab nkaus xwb.
Giv sib ntaus Lahhak thiab Farshidwar. Lwm qhov me me los ntawm "Shahnameh", nyob ib ncig ntawm 1475 - 1500, uas cov cuab yeej ntawm cov neeg caij tsheb sab hnub tuaj suav nrog daim pam nees thiab daim npog qhov ncauj, thaum cov tub rog muaj lub kaus mom nrog lub mloog pob ntseg, lawv lub ntsej muag raug kaw ib nrab, muaj lub luj tshib thiab lub hauv caug. Cov ntaub thaiv npog, txawm li cas los xij, tsuas yog ib tus ntawm cov tub rog. (Los Angeles County Museum of Art)
Ntawd yog, "cov tub rog los ntawm" Shahnameh "yog … cov tub rog sab hnub tuaj tiag tiag, ua tub rog nyob rau tib txoj kev ib yam li lawv cov neeg sab hnub poob hauv kev siv tes ua, tshwj tsis yog rau kev coj ua tom kawg ntawm kev tua los ntawm nees nees. Thiab yog li cov chij, thiab cov pennants ntawm hmuv, thiab ntau hom cuab yeej ua rog, rau tag nrho lawv cov thawj, tau muaj ntau txoj hauv kev zoo sib xws. Ntxiv mus, lawv tuaj rau Sab Hnub Poob los ntawm Sab Hnub Poob dhau Byzantium thiab thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum Kawg los ntawm Sab Hnub Poob mus rau Sab Hnub Poob!
