Ua ntej tshaj plaws, cia peb nug peb tus kheej cov lus nug, dab tsi yog "tsis muaj peev txheej txheem"? Tom qab tag nrho, txij li muaj rab phom, nws txhais tau tias nws lub peev xwm tau lees paub tias yog tus qauv! Yog, qhov no yog li ntawd, tab sis nws tau tshwm sim yav dhau los tias tus qauv hauv cov tub rog ntawm lub ntiaj teb thaum pib ntawm lub xyoo pua nees nkaum tau txiav txim siab ua ntau yam ntawm ib nti. Ntawd yog 3 ntiv tes (76.2 mm), 10 ntiv tes (254 mm), 15 ntiv tes (381 mm), thiab ntxiv rau, txawm hais tias, tau kawg, muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm no. Hauv tib lub phom loj ntawm Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ib, muaj rab phom "rau-ntiv" ntawm 149 mm, 150 mm, 152, 4 mm, 155 mm caliber. Kuj tseem muaj phom ntawm calibers 75 mm, 76 mm, 76, 2 mm 77 mm, 80 mm - thiab txhua tus ntawm lawv raug hu ua "peb -nti". Los yog, piv txwv li, rau ntau lub tebchaws, tus qauv ntsuas qhov siab ntawm cov hlau yog 105 hli, txawm hais tias qhov no tsis zoo li 4 ntiv tes. Tab sis nws tsuas yog tshwm sim, qhov ntsuas no tau dhau los ua neeg nyiam heev! Tab sis kuj tseem muaj cov phom zoo li no thiab rab phom loj npaum li cas, qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov feem ntau lees txais cov qauv. Nws tsis yog ib txwm meej vim li cas qhov no thiaj tsim nyog. Puas yog nws muaj peev xwm txo qis txhua rab phom hauv koj pab tub rog tsuas yog qee qhov ntawm cov khoom siv feem ntau siv? Qhov no ua rau nws yooj yim dua los tsim cov mos txwv thiab muab cov tub rog nrog lawv. Thiab nws tseem yooj yim dua los muag riam phom txawv teb chaws. Tab sis tsis yog, zoo li xyoo pua kaum yim, thaum rau ntau hom tub rog thiab tub rog sib txawv, txawv, qee zaum txawm tias muaj rab phom thiab rab phom sib txawv - cov tub ceev xwm, tub rog, cuirassier, hussar, jaeger, thiab cov tub rog, tom qab ntawd muaj phom nyob hauv Thawj Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb, nws yuav luag txhua yam zoo ib yam!
Zoo, peb zaj dab neeg pib, zoo li ib txwm muaj, nrog Austria-Hungary thiab nws cov riam phom ntawm thaum pib xyoo pua nees nkaum, koom nrog hauv Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ib. Ntawm no, qhov no tau dhau los ua 7-cm rab phom M-99-piv txwv li qub ntawm hom riam phom qub, uas, txawm li cas los xij, tau siv thaum ua tsov rog hauv ntau lub tebchaws txog thaum muaj cov tshuab zoo dua. Nws yog rab phom nrog rab phom tooj liab, tsis muaj cov cuab yeej thim rov qab, tab sis yog lub teeb. Tag nrho 300 daim ntawv tau tsim, thiab thaum muaj kev tsov rog tawg, kwv yees li 20 lub roj teeb ntawm cov phom loj ntawm hom no tau siv nyob rau pem hauv ntej hauv Alps. Qhov hnyav ntawm rab phom yog 315 kg, qhov siab nce los ntawm -10 ° txog + 26 °. Qhov projectile hnyav 4, 68 kg thiab muaj qhov pib ceev ntawm 310 meters, thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm kev tua yog 4.8 km. Lawv hloov nws nrog 7, 5-cm roob howitzer ntawm Skoda tuam txhab M.15 thiab nws twb yog qhov riam phom niaj hnub rau lub sijhawm ntawd. Tshwj xeeb, nws qhov kev tua tau mus txog 8 km (uas yog, txawm tias ntau dua li ntawm 8-cm M.5 phom phom!), Thiab qhov hluav taws kub tau mus txog 20 puag ncig ib feeb twg!
Yog lawm, tom qab ntawd "Shkodovites" tau ua phem rau lawv tus kheej heev uas lawv tso M.16 10-cm roob howitzer (raws li M.14 teb howitzer). Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb yog, tau kawg, qhov tseeb tias nws tuaj yeem sib cais thiab thauj mus los hauv pob. Qhov hnyav ntawm tus kws tshaj lij yog 1, 235 kg, cov lus qhia los ntawm -8 ° txog + 70 ° (!), Thiab kab rov tav 5 ° ntawm ob qho kev qhia. Qhov hnyav ntawm qhov projectile yog qhov tsim nyog heev - 13.6 kg (qhov sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov foob pob tawg -foob pob los ntawm M.14), qhov pib nrawm ntawm 397 m / s, thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm 8.1 km. Lawv kuj siv 10 kg lub plhaub tawg loj thiab 13.5 kg shrapnel los ntawm M.14. Tus nqi hluav taws mus txog 5 ncig ib feeb, cov neeg coob yog 6 leej. Hauv tag nrho, 550 ntawm lawv tau tsim, thiab lawv tau koom nrog hauv kev tawm tsam nrog cov neeg Italians. Tom qab Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb Zaum 1, nws tau ua haujlwm nrog pab tub rog ntawm Austria, Hungary thiab Czechoslovakia (nyob rau hauv lub npe 10 cm howitzer vz. 14), tau xa tawm mus rau Poland, Greece thiab Yugoslavia, thiab tau siv ua riam phom hauv Wehrmacht.
Nws yuav zoo li uas ib tus tuaj yeem txaus siab rau qhov no 3, 9-inch caliber, tab sis tsis yog, xav tau 4-caliber qhov xav tau, zoo li yog ntxiv 4 mm tuaj yeem hloov pauv qee yam hauv qhov zoo ntawm rab phom. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, Skoda tsim 10.4cm M.15 rab phom, zoo ib yam hauv kev tsim rau German 10 cm K14 rab phom. Tag nrho ntawm 577 M.15s tau tsim thiab lawv tau siv hauv Tebchaws Europe thiab Palestine. Tus qauv tsim yog qhov zoo rau Skoda - nres lub tog raj kheej hydraulic thiab lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav ntsaws ntsaws. Ntev ntev yog L / 36.4; qhov hnyav ntawm rab phom yog 3020 kg, cov lus qhia ntsug yog los ntawm -10 ° txog + 30 °, kev taw qhia kab rov tav yog 6 °, thiab thaj tsam ntawm kev tua yog 13 km. Qhov hnyav ntawm qhov projectile rau phom yog 17.4 kg, thiab tus naj npawb ntawm cov neeg coob yog 10 tus neeg. Qhov txaus siab, 260 M.15 rab phom tau txais los ntawm Ltalis xyoo 1938-1939. tau dhuav mus rau ib txwm 105 mm thiab tau ua haujlwm hauv pab tub rog Italis raws li lub npe Cannone da 105/32. Ntxiv rau qhov muaj peev xwm, cov neeg Italians tau hloov lub log ntoo nrog lub tshuab cua tshuab rau lawv, thiab los ntawm qhov uas rub lub nrawm ntawm cov phom no tau nce ntau.
Raws li rau cov neeg Askiv txaus siab, lawv muaj tag nrho cov phom uas tsis yog tus qauv, thiab lawv txhua tus tau tawm tsam hauv Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ib. Cia peb pib dua nrog 10 Pounder Mountain Gun. Qhov tseeb tias nws tau hu ua 10-pounder txhais tau tias me me, qhov muaj peev xwm tseem ceeb, tab sis nws yog sib npaug li 2.75 ntiv tes lossis 69.8-mm, uas yog, zoo ib yam 70 zoo li rab phom Austrian. Thaum raug rho tawm, cov phom loj rov qab los thiab, ntxiv rau, tau muab cov hmoov dub, tab sis nrawm heev nws tau tawg mus ua ib feem, qhov hnyav tshaj uas hnyav 93, 9 kg. Qhov hnyav ntawm cov phom me me yog 4.54 kg, thiab thaj tsam yog 5486 m. Lub thoob tsis tau ntsaws rau hauv ob ntu, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb tseem ceeb rau cov riam phom no. Tab sis nws yog rab phom tiag, yog li nws tsis tuaj yeem tua ntawm lub hom phiaj dag dag!
Cov phom tau siv hauv Anglo-Boer War xyoo 1899-1902, qhov chaw uas nws cov neeg ua haujlwm raug kev puas tsuaj los ntawm qhov hluav taws kub ntawm Boer cov phom loj, thiab hauv Kev Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib Ib, Askiv siv nws hauv Gallipoli Peninsula, ntxiv rau hauv East Africa thiab Palestine. Txawm li cas los xij, nws tau pom tseeb tias rab phom no twb dhau los lawm thiab xyoo 1911 nws tau hloov pauv nrog tus qauv tshiab: rab phom roob 2, 75-nti ntawm tib lub peev xwm, tab sis nrog cov ntaub thaiv npog thiab thim rov qab. Qhov hnyav ntawm qhov projectile nce mus rau 5, 67 kg, nrog rau qhov hnyav ntawm rab phom nws tus kheej - 586 kg. Nws siv 6 mules los thauj nws hauv cov pob, tab sis nws tau sib sau ua ke nyob rau hauv tsuas yog 2 feeb, thiab rhuav tshem hauv 3! Tab sis rab phom khaws qhov tsis zoo ntawm nws cov neeg ua ntej - cais kev thauj khoom. Vim tias nws qhov hluav taws kub tsawg npaum li cas. Tab sis qhov ntau yam tseem zoo ib yam, thiab lub zog ntawm qhov projectile txawm tias nce me ntsis. Lawv siv nws ntawm Mesopotamian pem hauv ntej thiab ze Thessaloniki. Tab sis lawv tau ua me ntsis, tsuas yog 183 rab phom.
Thiab tom qab ntawd nws tau nthuav ntau dua. Lub 3, 7-nti toj roob hauv pes tau nkag mus rau kev pabcuam, uas yog rab phom 94-mm. Nws tau sim ua thawj zaug thaum Lub Peb Hlis 1917, thiab twb tau nyob rau xyoo 1918, 70 lub phom zoo li no tau xa mus rau Mesopotamia thiab Africa. Nws yog thawj rab phom Askiv kom muaj kev qhia kab rov tav sib npaug 20 ° mus rau sab laug thiab sab xis ntawm lub tog raj kheej. Lub kaum sab xis thiab nce ntawm lub cev yog -5 ° thiab + 40 °, feem. Kev thauj khoom kuj tseem sib cais, tab sis rau tus kws tshaj lij nws yog qhov zoo dua, tsis yog qhov tsis zoo, txij li nws tau muab tag nrho cov phiaj xwm thaum tua. Cov phom tshiab tuaj yeem tua 9, 08 kg nrog lub projectile ntawm qhov deb ntawm 5, 4km. Lub thoob tau muab faib ua ob ntu, 96 kg thiab 98 kg txhua, thiab tag nrho qhov hnyav ntawm qhov system yog 779 kg. Ntawm txoj kev, rab phom tuaj yeem rub los ntawm ob peb tus nees, thiab nws tseem ua haujlwm nrog pab tub rog Askiv txog thaum ntxov xyoo 1960!
Tab sis, ntxiv, raws li lawv hais - ntau dua! Twb tau nyob rau xyoo 1906, Cov tub rog Askiv xav kom muaj 5-nti siab dua li yav dhau los, tab sis tsis yog rab phom 105-mm, zoo li cov neeg German tau, tab sis tau siv lub peev xwm tshiab uas tau thov los ntawm Vickers-114 mm lossis 4.5 nti. Nws ntseeg tias xyoo 1914 nws yog riam phom zoo tshaj plaws hauv nws chav kawm. Qhov hnyav 1, 368 kg, nws tau tua cov foob pob tawg loj uas hnyav 15, 9 kg ntawm qhov deb ntawm 7.5 km. Lub kaum sab xis nce yog 45 °, lub kaum sab xis lub hom phiaj yog "kev txom nyem" 3 °, tab sis lwm qhov kev cuam tshuam tsuas muaj me ntsis ntxiv. Cov plhaub kuj tseem siv rau kev haus luam yeeb, teeb pom kev zoo, roj av, thiab pob zeb tawg. Tus nqi hluav taws - 5-6 teev ib feeb twg. Rollback nres - hydraulic, lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav. Txog thaum kawg ntawm kev ua tsov rog, ntau dua 3,000 ntawm cov tshuab ua haujlwm no tau tsim, thiab lawv tau xa mus rau Canada, Australia, New Zealand, thiab xyoo 1916, 400 daim ntawv tau xa tuaj rau peb hauv Russia. Lawv tawm tsam hauv Gallipoli, Balkans, Palestine thiab Mesopotamia. Tom qab ua tsov rog, lawv tau hloov lawv lub log thiab hauv daim ntawv no lawv tau tawm tsam hauv Fab Kis thiab raug tso tseg nyob ze Dunkirk, thiab tom qab ntawd raws li kev qhia hauv tebchaws Askiv nws tus kheej, lawv tau ua haujlwm kom txog thaum kawg ntawm kev ua tsov rog. Lawv yog ib feem ntawm pab tub rog Finnish hauv "Tsov Rog Zaum Kawg". Ntxiv mus, nws yog lawv uas tau siv los ua VT-42 phom tua tus kheej raws li peb tau ntes BT-7 tso tsheb hlau luam. Raws li ib feem ntawm Pawg Tub Rog Liab, lawv kuj tau tawm tsam xyoo 1941. Ib qho ntxiv, Cov nkoj loj hauv tebchaws Askiv tau nruab nrog rab phom ntawm tib lub peev xwm, tab sis, feem ntau, nws tsis tau siv nyob qhov twg ntxiv! Ntau xyoo dhau los, ib qho zoo li no tau sawv ntawm chav tsev thib ob ntawm keeb kwm tsev cia puav pheej hauv Kazan, tab sis txawm tias nws nyob tam sim no, kuv tus kheej tsis paub.
Muaj lus hais tias: nrog leej twg koj coj, los ntawm qhov uas koj yuav tau txais. Yog li Russia tau coj mus rau kev koom tes nrog Tebchaws Askiv, thiab los ntawm nws nws tau txais ob lub 114-mm howitzer thiab … 127-mm rab phom! Raws li koj paub, 127-mm yog "caliber hiav txwv", qhov qub 5 ntiv tes, tab sis hauv av nws tau siv tsuas yog hauv tebchaws Askiv! Zoo, peb kuj muaj nyob hauv Russia, Tebchaws Askiv tus phooj ywg thaum Tsov Rog Ntiaj Teb Zaum 1. Hauv tebchaws Askiv, rab phom no hu ua BL 60-Pounder Mark I, tau saws hauv xyoo 1909 los hloov lub phom qub ntawm lub peev xwm no, uas tsis muaj cuab yeej thim rov qab. Lub 127-mm rab phom tuaj yeem tua tau 27.3 kg zoo li (shrapnel lossis foob pob tawg loj) ntawm qhov deb ntawm 9.4 km. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho, 1773 rab phom ntawm hom no tau tsim thaum lub sijhawm ua rog.
Peb txhim kho nws maj mam. Ua ntej, lawv muab lub cev tshiab, lub cev zoo li lub foob pob hluav taws thiab qhov chaw tua tau nce mus rau 11, 2 km. Tom qab ntawd, xyoo 1916, lub thoob tau ntev dua ntawm kev hloov kho Mk II, thiab nws pib tua mus txog 14.1 km. Tab sis rab phom tig mus hnyav: qhov hnyav sib ntaus yog 4.47 tons. Hauv pab tub rog Askiv, rab phom no tau siv txog xyoo 1944. Hauv Pawg Tub Rog Liab xyoo 1936, tsuas muaj 18 tus ntawm lawv xwb, tabsis, txawm li cas los xij, lawv tau ua haujlwm kom txog thaum xyoo 1942.
