Hauv phau ntawv qhia tshiab ntawm keeb kwm ntawm Ukraine, yog ib qho xwm txheej tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv keeb kwm ntawm Nezalezhnaya thiab Europe tau suav tias yog kev sib ntaus sib tua zoo ntawm Konotop xyoo 1659, thaum 15,000 tus neeg Ukrainian nyob hauv kev coj noj coj ua ntawm Hetman Vyhovsky tau rhuav tshem 150,000 tus neeg Lavxias thiab cov paj tag nrho. ntawm Russia nobility.
Xyoo 2008, Thawj Tswj Hwm Yushchenko tau kos npe rau tsab cai lij choj los ua kev zoo siab rau 350 xyoo ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Konotop. Qhov peremoga zoo no qee zaum ua kev zoo siab hauv Ukraine yuav luag yog "Hnub Yeej Hauv Ntiaj Teb Tsov Rog Zaum Ob" - nrog kev rov txhim kho keeb kwm thiab muaj thawj tus neeg nyob hauv lub xeev, tau tsim cov mlom, ua kev nco txiaj ntsig. Hauv Crimea thiab Sevastopol, cov thawj coj tau qhia kom txiav txim siab hloov npe txoj hauv kev kom hwm cov neeg koom nrog hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua no.
Cov nyiaj npib nco txog kev yeej rau cov neeg Lavxias ntawm Konotop. Ua kev zoo siab rau cov neeg Lavxias ntawm 350th hnub tseem ceeb ntawm Kev Sib Tw ntawm Konotop thaum Thawj Tswj Hwm Yushchenko hais lus
Monument rau kev kov yeej cov neeg Lavxias ntawm Konotop
Kuj ceeb tias, peb nyob hauv Russia paub me ntsis txog qhov xwm txheej phem no thiab nplooj txaj muag ntawm peb keeb kwm. Nws yog li cas tiag?
Kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Konotop yog ib ntu ntawm kev ua rog Lavxias-Polish, uas tau kav ntev los ntawm 1654 txog 1667. Nws pib thaum, tom qab rov thov dua los ntawm Hetman Bohdan Khmelnitsky, Zemsky Sobor lees txais Zaporozhye pab tub rog nrog tib neeg thiab thaj av ua neeg xam xaj Lavxias. Thaum lub sijhawm ua tsov rog no, Russia, tsis tau rov zoo los ntawm lub sijhawm nyuaj ntawm kev kub ntxhov, yuav tsum tau tawm tsam tsis yog nrog Lub Tebchaws nkaus xwb (kev koom tes ntawm Lithuania thiab Poland nrog thaj av nyob ntawm Lavxias teb chaws voivodeship (Me Russia)), tab sis kuj nrog Sweden thiab Crimean Khanate, uas yog, ib txwm muaj qee yam, nrog txhua tus.
Thaum tuag, Bohdan Khmelnitsky tau txais hetman rau nws tus tub Yuri, txawm li cas los xij, Ivan Vyhovsky, tus neeg muaj koob muaj npe uas ib zaug tau ua tub rog tsis tu ncua ntawm huab tais Polish Vladislav IV, tau raug xaiv ib feem ntawm Cossack cov neeg tseem ceeb nrog kev txhawb nqa zais cia ntawm cov neeg Polish. tus Cossack hetman. Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich pom zoo qhov kev xaiv tsa ntawm hetman. Txawm li cas los xij, Cossacks zoo ib yam tsis nyiam hetman, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm Me Me Russia. Raws li Greek Cheeb Tsam ntawm Colossi Mikhail, uas tau tsav tsheb hla Me Russia thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis 1657, hais tias, "Zadneprovsky Cherkassians hlub Hetman Ivan Vygovsky. Thiab cov neeg uas nyob ntawm Dnieper ib sab, thiab cov de Cherkasy thiab txhua tus neeg vwm, tsis nyiam nws, tab sis ntshai tias nws yog tus Ncej, thiab nws yuav tsum tsis muaj lus qhia los ntawm tus ncej ". Raws li qhov tshwm sim, tus hetman ntxeev siab rau tsar thiab hla mus rau ib sab ntawm tus Pole, lees txais lub npe ntawm "Great hetman ntawm Lavxias tus thawj tswj hwm" (ceeb toom, RUSSIAN, tsis yog Ukrainian).
Vyhovsky cov kev coj ua, tsom mus rau kev tswj hwm tshiab rau Polish Crown, ua rau muaj kev tawm tsam ntawm Cossacks. Zaporozhian Sich, Poltava thiab Mirgorod regiments tawm tsam Vyhovsky. Txhawm rau kom nws lub hwj chim nyob hauv Cossacks los ntawm kev quab yuam, Vygovsky muaj, ntxiv rau tus huab tais Polish, los cog lus ncaj ncees rau Crimean Khan Mehmed IV Girey, yog li nws yuav muab kev pab tub rog rau nws.
Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich, tsis xav ua tsov rog, pib sib tham nrog Vygovsky ntawm kev daws teeb meem ntawm kev tsis sib haum xeeb, tab sis lawv tsis tau ua tiav. Thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 1658, Belgorod cov tub rog ntawm Tub Vaj Ntxwv Grigory Romodanovsky nkag mus rau hauv Ukraine.
Thaum lub Kaum Ib Hlis, Vygovsky tau thov kom muaj kev thaj yeeb nyab xeeb thiab lees paub nws txoj kev ntseeg siab rau kev cog lus ntawm kev ncaj ncees rau Tsar Lavxias, thiab thaum Lub Kaum Ob Hlis nws rov hloov nws cov lus cog tseg, koom nrog Tatars thiab Polish tshem tawm ntawm Potocki.
Thaum Lub Peb Hlis 26, 1659, Tub Vaj Ntxwv Alexei Trubetskoy tau tawm tsam Vyhovsky. Rau 40 hnub Trubetskoy tau sim yaum nws kom daws qhov teeb meem no kom nyob kaj siab lug, tab sis tsis muaj txiaj ntsig. Tom qab ntawd nws tau coj nws pab tub rog los tiv thaiv Konotop.
Nov yog pes tsawg tus tub rog Lavxias cov tub rog suav (cov npe los ntawm kev tso tawm lub Plaub Hlis 11, 1659):
Tub rog ntawm Tub Vaj Ntxwv Trubetskoy - 12302 tus neeg.
Tub rog ntawm Tub Vaj Ntxwv Romodanovsky - 7333.
Tub rog ntawm Tub Vaj Ntxwv Kurakin - 6472.
Thaum lub sijhawm Konotop sib ntaus sib tua nrog kev poob thiab xa daim ntawv xaj ntawm V. Filosofov mus rau tub rog ntawm Romen, muaj 5,000 tus neeg nyob hauv cov tub rog ntawm Tub Vaj Ntxwv Kurakin. Thaum Lub Rau Hli 1659, cov tub rog ntawm Tub Vaj Ntxwv Trubetskoy tau koom nrog: cov tub rog (txhawb nqa kev tsim kho) cov tub rog ntawm Nikolai Bauman - 1,500 tus neeg, Reitarsky cov tub rog ntawm William Johnston - 1,000 tus neeg, Moscow thiab cov neeg hauv nroog thiab cov menyuam yaus - 1,500 tus neeg.
Yog li, tag nrho cov tub rog Lavxias thaum lub sijhawm sib ntaus sib tua yog kwv yees li 28,600 tus neeg.
Tag nrho cov naj npawb ntawm kev koom tes ntawm Tatars thiab Vyhovsky:
Cov tub rog ntawm Khan Mehmed Girey: txog 30-35 txhiab tus neeg.
Cossack regiments ntawm Hetman Vyhovsky: 16 txhiab
Cov neeg ua haujlwm Polish-Lithuanian: los ntawm 1,500 txog 3,000
Tag nrho: tag nrho cov naj npawb ntawm Vyhovsky pab pawg sib koom ua ke los ntawm 47,500 txog 54,000 tus neeg.
Ntawd yog, 28000 tawm tsam 47000-54000. Cov keeb kwm keeb kwm Ukrainian tau txais qhov seem ntawm 122,000 "neeg coj zoo" los ntawm qhov tsis meej. Pom tau, Putin yog tus kheej los liam rau kev dag ntawm cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm Lavxias (nws yog nws uas yaum Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich ua qhov no hauv kev pauv rau kev txo nqi roj). Thiab daim ntawv pov thawj nrog cov npe ntawm cov neeg pabcuam, raws li cov tub rog Lavxias tau txais tom qab cov nyiaj hli, tau tshwj xeeb hloov pauv …
Kev sib ntaus sib tua nws tus kheej
Thaum Lub Rau Hli 28, 1659, Crimean Tatars tau tawm tsam qhov kev tiv thaiv me me uas tiv thaiv lub yeej rog ntawm pab tub rog Lavxias ntawm Trubetskoy. Tub Vaj Ntxwv Pozharsky nrog 4,000 tus tub rog thiab 2,000 Zaporozhye Cossacks muab siab npuab rau Tsar Lavxias tau tawm tsam Tatars ntawm Nureddin-Sultan Adil-Girey thiab German cov tub rog, tua lawv, swb lawv thiab tsav lawv mus rau sab qab teb. Nco tseg txog 6,000, tsis yog 150,000!
Scotsman Patrick Gordon piav txog qhov tshwm sim hauv qab no: “Pozharsky tau caum cov Tatars los ntawm cov av nkos thiab hav dej. Khan, uas tsis tuaj yeem sawv nrog pab tub rog nyob hauv hav, tam sim ntawd khiav tawm ntawm qhov ntawd hauv peb qhov loj, zoo li huab, huab cua."
Pozharsky qhov kev tshem tawm, suav txog 6 txhiab tus tib neeg, tau tawm tsam. Kev tshem tawm Lavxias tau tawm tsam los ntawm yuav luag 40,000 tus tub rog muaj zog, uas suav nrog Crimean Tatars raws li kev hais kom ua ntawm Khan Mehmed IV Girey thiab cov tub rog. Pozharsky tau sim tig qhov kev sib cais ntawm qhov kev tawm tsam tseem ceeb ntawm khan cov tub rog, tab sis tsis ua tiav. Tua ntau txhiab tus xub, Tatars tau tawm tsam. Ntawm qhov rov hais dua uas tau muab rau Pozharsky, tsuas yog ib tus tub rog (Colonel Fanstrobel) "tswj kom tig lub hauv ntej thiab tua hluav taws ntawm cov carbines taw tes-khoob ntawm kev tawm tsam Tatar cov tub rog. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsis tuaj yeem nres Horde, thiab tom qab kev sib ntaus sib tua luv luv cov tub rog tau raug tua pov tseg. " Muaj qhov tseem ceeb tshaj hauv kev ua haujlwm, Tatars tau tswj hwm Pozharsky qhov kev sib cais thiab kov yeej nws hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua. Qhov no tsis yog kev sib ntaus sib tua ntxiv lawm, tab sis raug ntaus los ntawm cov yeeb ncuab, uas muaj ntau dua li Lavxias avant-garde los ntawm 6 zaug. Lub sijhawm tam sim no, uas yog, rau kev tshuaj xyuas lub ntsej muag, thaum qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua tau txiav txim siab tiag tiag, thiab Vygovsky tau nrog nws 16,000 tus.
Yog li peb tuaj yeem tham tsis hais txog kev tuag ntawm 150,000 tus tub rog Lavxias, tab sis hais txog kev puas tsuaj ntawm 6,000 tus vanguard, uas tau tawg tawm ntawm cov tub rog tseem ceeb (22,000 tus neeg) thiab tau raug tua. Thiab txawm tias qhov kev swb hauv zos ntawm Lavxias pab tub rog tau ua rau tsis yog los ntawm hetman Vyhovsky, nrog nws txoj cai-bank Cossacks, tab sis los ntawm Crimean Tatars.
Txoj hmoo ntxiv ntawm cov neeg Lavxias uas tau raug ambushed tau tu siab. Raws li Gordon, "lub khan, ua kom nrawm rau cov neeg Lavxias, nyob ib puag ncig thiab txhawb lawv, yog li ntawd tsawg leej tau txais kev cawmdim." Cossacks ntawm Hetman Bespaly kuj tau tuag, uas tau sau ntawv mus rau Alexei Mikhailovich: "… ntawm qhov ntawd, Sovereign, hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm Prince Semyon Petrovich Lvov thiab Prince Semyon Romanovich Pozharsky, txhua tus raug tua tuag, yuam, Tus Thawj Kav Tebchaws, los ntawm pab tub rog. ntawm Vygovsky thiab Tatar, ntau tus neeg tau ua lawv txoj kev mus rau hauv pab tub rog mus rau lub yeej rog ". Tub Vaj Ntxwv Semyon Pozharsky nws tus kheej, tawm tsam nrog cov yeeb ncuab mus rau lub sijhawm kawg, "ntau … lashed thiab nthuav tawm nws lub siab tawv", raug coj mus kaw.
Pozharsky nws tus kheej tau raug tua los ntawm Khan hauv kev poob cev qhev, thaum nws hu Vygovsky tus neeg ntxeev siab thiab nto qaub ncaug hauv khan lub ntsej muag. Lwm tus neeg raug kaw kuj raug tua. Raws li Naim Chelebi, thaum xub thawj lawv xav tso cov neeg raug kaw hauv Lavxias kom txhiv (raws li kev coj ua ib txwm nyob rau lub sijhawm ntawd), tab sis qhov no tau raug tsis lees paub los ntawm "pom kev deb thiab tau ntsib Tatars": peb "… yuav tsum siv tag nrho peb kev siv zog ntxiv dag zog rau kev ua yeeb ncuab ntawm cov neeg Lavxias thiab Cossacks, thiab thaiv tag nrho lawv yog txoj hauv kev rau kev rov sib haum xeeb; peb yuav tsum, tsis txhob npau suav txog kev muaj nyiaj, txiav txim siab txiav lawv txhua tus … Ua ntej Khan lub chav, lub taub hau ntawm txhua tus neeg raug kaw tseem ceeb raug txiav tawm, tom qab ntawd txhua tus tub rog sib cais xa cov neeg raug txhom uas poob rau nws ntau rau ntaj."
Qhov tawv ncauj ntawm kev sib ntaus sib tua yog pov thawj los ntawm kev piav qhia ntawm qhov txhab ntawm cov neeg uas tswj kom tawg tawm ntawm ib puag ncig thiab mus txog Trubetskoy lub yeej: Boris Semyonov, tus tub ntawm Tolstoy, "raug tsoo ntawm sab plhu sab xis thiab ntawm lub qhov ntswg nrog saber, thiab tua los ntawm hneev taw ntawm sab tes xis hauv qab lub luj tshib ", Mikhailo Stepanov, tus tub Golenishchev Kutuzov (yawg txiv ntawm thaj av loj marshal MI Kutuzov)" nws tau raug ntuav nrog saber ntawm ob sab plhu, tab sis ntawm sab xub pwg, thiab ntawm sab laug tes ", Ivan Ondreev tus tub Zybin" raug ntov hla lub taub hau nrog saber thiab tua los ntawm hneev ntawm lub tuam tsev sab xis los ntawm lub qhov muag mus rau pob ntseg "…
Kev ua tub rog ntxiv ntawm kev sib koom tes tiv thaiv cov tub rog Lavxias tsis muaj kev vam meej ntau.
Thaum Lub Rau Hli 29, cov tub rog ntawm Vygovsky thiab Crimean Khan tau nce mus rau qhov chaw pw ntawm Tub Vaj Ntxwv Trubetskoy nyob ze ntawm lub zos Podlipnoye, sim coj lub yeej rog los puag. Txog lub sijhawm no, Tub Vaj Ntxwv Trubetskoy twb tau tswj kom ua tiav kev koom ua ke ntawm cov chaw pw hav zoov ntawm nws pab tub rog. Kev sib ntaus sib tua ntawm artillery.
Hmo ntuj ntawm Lub Rau Hli 30, Vygovsky txiav txim siab cua daj cua dub. Qhov kev tawm tsam tau ua tsis tiav, thiab vim yog kev tawm tsam los ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias, Vygovsky cov tub rog tau raug tshem tawm ntawm lawv lub zog. Thaum hmo ntuj sib ntaus, Vyhovsky nws tus kheej tau raug mob. Me ntsis ntxiv, thiab Trubetskoy cov tub rog "tau txais (peb) lub yeej rog, vim nws twb tau tawg mus rau nws lawm," hetman nws tus kheej tau rov hais dua. Cov tub rog ntawm hetman thiab khan raug pov rov qab 5 mais.
Txawm hais tias kev ua tiav ntawm hmo tsaus ntuj los ntawm Trubetskoy cov tub rog, txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cheeb tsam Konotop tau hloov pauv. Ib puag ncig ntxiv Konotop, muaj ntau tus yeeb ncuab nyob tom qab, dhau los ua neeg tsis paub qab hau. Thaum Lub Xya Hli 2, Trubetskoy tau tshem qhov kev tiv thaiv los ntawm lub nroog, thiab cov tub rog, hauv qab npog ntawm Gulyai-nroog, tau pib thim rov qab mus rau Dej Seim.
Vyhovsky thiab Khan sim tua Trubetskoy cov tub rog dua. Ib zaug ntxiv, qhov kev sim no ua tsis tiav. Raws li cov neeg raug kaw, qhov poob ntawm Vygovsky thiab khan yog kwv yees li 6,000 tus neeg. Hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua no, Vygovsky cov tub rog ua rog kuj raug kev txom nyem hnyav. Cov hetman cov kwvtij, hetman cov kwvtij, cov tub rog Yuri thiab Ilya Vygovskiy, uas tau hais kom ua cov tub rog tub rog, rov qab hais tias "thaum lub sijhawm ntawd, ntau tus tub rog Cossack thiab Tatars tau tawm tsam, thiab cov tub rog thiab cov pob kws, cov thawjcoj thiab lwm tus pib ntau tus neeg raug tua. " Qhov poob ntawm sab Lavxias tau tsawg. Hetman Bespaly tshaj tawm rau tsar: "Mus rau lub yeej rog, Huab Tais, peb cov yeeb ncuab tau kho kev ua phem, thiab, los ntawm Vajtswv txoj kev hlub tshua … peb tau tawm tsam tus khub ntawd thiab tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam dab tsi, thiab lawv yeej ntau ntawm cov yeeb ncuab ntawd. thim rov qab thiab taug kev, thiab tuaj, Sovereign, mus rau tus dej Seim Vajtswv tau muab rau zoo
Thaum Lub Xya Hli 4, nws tau paub tias tus tswv xeev Putivl, Tub Vaj Ntxwv Grigory Dolgorukov, tau los pab pab tub rog ntawm Tub Vaj Ntxwv Trubetskoy. Tab sis Trubetskoy tau hais kom Dolgorukov rov qab mus rau Putivl, hais tias nws muaj lub zog txaus los tiv thaiv tus yeeb ncuab thiab tsis xav tau kev pab.
Raws li Lavxias cov ntaub ntawv khaws tseg, "Hauv tag nrho, hauv Konotop thaum muaj kev sib ntaus sib tua loj thiab ntawm kev thim rov qab: cov tub rog ntawm tub rog thiab tus tswv xeev ntawm Tub Vaj Ntxwv Alexei Nikitich Trubetskoy nrog cov phooj ywg ntawm Moscow qib, cov neeg nyob hauv nroog thiab cov menyuam ntawm boyars, thiab cov neeg ua kev cai raus dej tshiab, Murzas thiab Tatars, thiab Cossacks, thiab Reitar tsim los ntawm cov neeg thawj zaug thiab rov ntaus dua, cov tub rog, cov tub rog thiab cov hneev taw, 4769 tus neeg raug ntaus thiab raug ntes tag. " Qhov kev poob loj tau poob rau qhov kev tshem tawm ntawm Tub Vaj Ntxwv Pozharsky, uas tau tos rau thawj hnub. Tsis yog 150,000 thiab tsis yog 30,000, tab sis 4,769. Yuav luag txhua tus ntawm lawv tau tuag hauv kev sib ntaus sib tua nrog Tatars, thiab tsis nyob rau hauv ib txoj kev twg nrog cov tub hluas hnav khaub ncaws thiab hetmans, tus thawj tswj hwm Lavxias Vyhovsky.
Tom qab kev tshem tawm ntawm cov tub rog Lavxias, Tatars pib ua phem rau Ukrainian (txawm hais tias lo lus "Ukraine" tsis yog thaum ntawd) ua liaj ua teb (ntawm sab laug-ntug dej Ukraine), hlawv 4,674 lub tsev thiab ntes ntau dua 25,000 tus neeg nyob thaj yeeb nyab xeeb.
Peb xaus nrog dab tsi?
1. Cov neeg Ukrainian tsis koom nrog hauv Konotop kev sib ntaus. Tus hetman ntawm tus kheej tshaj tawm RUSSIAN tus thawj tswj hwm ntawm Vygovsky thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm tus thawj tswj hwm RUSSIAN no, feem, cov neeg Lavxias, feem ntau yog sab xis-bank Cossacks, tau koom nrog.
2. Yog tias peb xav tias cov Lavxias Cossacks tseem yog cov poj koob yawm txwv ntawm cov neeg niaj hnub no hauv tebchaws Ukrainian thiab lawv tuaj yeem qee yam hu ua proto-ukras, txawm hais tias lawv tus kheej tsis tau txiav txim siab lawv tus kheej li ntawd, txawm tias yog qhov no, txhua qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm Vyhovsky, leej twg ntxeev siab rau nws cov vaj ntxwv 4 zaug (2 zaug Polish thiab 2 zaug Lavxias), thiab nws Cossacks yog: a) nws teeb tsa Tatars ntawm cov neeg Lavxias thiab Zaporozhye Cossacks thiab b) koom nrog theem kawg hauv kev ua tiav qhov kev tawm tsam ntawm Cov neeg Lavxias, txawm tias qhov tseeb hais tias tawm tsam 1st Lavxias muaj 8 Tatars, Cossacks, Lithuanians thiab Germans.
3. Cov tub rog Lavxias tsis tau swb, tabsis raug kev nyuaj siab los ntawm tus yeeb ncuab uas muaj zog tshaj nws tau raug yuam kom tshem lub siege los ntawm Konotop. Kev nrhiav ntawm pab tub rog Lavxias tsis ua tiav thiab ua rau muaj kev poob hnyav ntawm ib feem ntawm kev sib koom tes thiab tsawg kawg ntawm ib feem ntawm cov neeg Lavxias. Cov neeg Lavxias tau poob tsuas yog 4,769 tus neeg raug tua thiab raug ntes, uas yog kwv yees li 1/6 ntawm cov tub rog thiab 2,000 tus laug-bank Cossacks. Vyhovsky thiab Tatars poob los ntawm 7,000 txog 10,000. Kev ua tsov rog Lavxias-Polish nws tus kheej tau xaus nrog kev yeej ntawm peb lub xeev, Smolensk, niaj hnub no sab hnub tuaj Ukraine, tau rov qab los, thiab peb cov yeeb ncuab yeej swb thiab tsis ntev lawm.
Tom qab 150 xyoo, Lithuania, Poland, Lavxias Voivodeship, Crimean Khanate, Nogai hordes thiab lwm yam, ib feem ntawm Swedish lub nceeg vaj thiab Ottoman Empire tau dhau los ua ib feem ntawm Lavxias teb sab faj tim teb chaws.
Thiab dab tsi yog peb cov kwv tij Ukrainian ua kev zoo siab?
Kev yeej ntawm 35,000th Tatars cov tub rog hla 4,000 tus neeg Lavxias thiab 2,000 Zaporozhye Cossacks tau ntxias mus rau hauv hav dej.
Leej twg yog tus hwm?
Ib tug txiv neej uas tau txiav txim siab nws tus kheej yog tus thawj coj ntawm RUSSIAN tus thawj coj, uas ntxeev siab rau nws txoj cai kav 4 zaug, teeb tsa Tatars tawm tsam nws cov neeg thiab pib lub sijhawm hu ua hauv Ukraine "Ruina".
150,000 tus tub rog Lavxias muaj zog tuaj qhov twg thiab 30,000-50,000 tus neeg raug tua?
Qhov txaus txaus, nyob nruab nrab ntawm xyoo pua puv 19, hauv kev sau ntawm peb cov phooj ywg Solovyov, uas tau thuam los ntawm cov kws sau keeb kwm thiab txawm tias nws tus kheej phooj ywg nyob rau hauv nws lub neej, tsis yog nyob hauv Russia, tab sis kuj nyob txawv teb chaws.
Raws li Asmeskas keeb kwm keeb kwm Brian Davis, Solovyov cov lus tau muaj tseeb tsuas yog qhov nkag siab tias tsawg kawg 259 ntawm cov neeg raug tua thiab cov neeg raug kaw yog cov tub ceev xwm. Raws li tus naj npawb ntawm cov tub ceev xwm thiab cov nom tswv, Solovyov tau kos tus lej 150,000.
Nws yuav tsum tau hais tias hauv 1651 tag nrho cov tub rog hauv tebchaws Russia feem ntau sib npaug rau 133,210 tus neeg. Dab tsi yog ib feem ntawm pab tub rog no koj xav tias Russia tuaj yeem xa mus tua cov neeg ntxeev siab, yog tias nws tau tawm tsam los ntawm Baltic mus rau Hiav Txwv Dub, thiab cov yeeb ncuab tseem ceeb tau mob siab rau sab qaum teb-sab hnub poob ntawm lub tebchaws nyob ze ciam teb nrog Sweden, Poland thiab Baltic, thiab nrog nws yog qhov tsim nyog yuav tsum tawm ntawm cov tub ceev xwm hauv nroog thiab cov chaw tiv thaiv - los ntawm Irkutsk mus rau Ivan -gorod thiab los ntawm Arkhangelsk mus rau Astrakhan? Lub teb chaws nyob tsis so: tom qab tag nrho, Razin qhov kev tawm tsam yuav pib sai sai no …
Koj tuaj yeem sib cav txog tus naj npawb ntawm cov tub rog ntau npaum li koj nyiam thiab tsim ntau npaum li koj nyiam, tab sis nyob hauv Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich muaj qhov zoo li no cov npe tub rog thiab cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev raug mob … Cov npe ntawm kev poob los ntawm Daim Ntawv Tso Cai Tso Tawm tsis yog keeb kwm lossis keeb kwm ntawm tus kheej uas tsis muaj cov ntaub ntawv raug, tab sis cov ntaub ntawv sau qhia los ntawm voivode ncaj qha rau huab tais. Cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm Lavxias xaj tau kos feem ntau hauv kev txaus siab ntawm kev tswj hwm nyiaj txiag thiab kev muab khoom siv ntawm cov tub rog, yog li ntawd, nws tau ua tib zoo saib xyuas thiab tsuas yog tus lej tiag tiag tau sau, thiab qhov no yog qhov tseeb cov ntaub ntawv uas yog qhov tseeb nkaus xwb, yog li cov naj npawb ntawm cov tub rog uas tau nkag mus rau hauv cov tub rog thiab cov lej ntawm cov neeg raug mob Lavxias. Thiab muaj kev sib kis ntau ntawm kev poob ntawm cov tub rog ntawm Vygodsky thiab Crimean Tatars: lawv tsuas yog tsis khaws cov txheeb cais no, tab sis kwv yees tus lej los ntawm qhov muag lossis raws li leej twg xav tau …
